城市地下空间三维地籍的建立

随着城市建设中地下空间的开发,传统的二维地籍已难以满足地籍管理在三维方向上的扩展,迫切需要利用三维地籍对地下空间进行数据管理和空间确权。本文基于地下空间开发中各类地物的空间特征,首先从三维自然特性与法律特性两个方面建立了三维地籍的概念,并进而阐述了三维地籍数据模型以及二维地籍与三维地籍的一体化数据管理方法。     

基于特征的空间数据模型研究

与传统的基于分层的数据组织方式相比,基于特征的空间数据组织方式更符合人们认识和分析现实世界的模式,有利于完整而精确地描述地理现象。本文详细论述了基于特征的空间数据组织的相关概念,对基于特征的空间数据模型进行了探讨。     

The assimilation of spectral sensing and the WOFOST model for the dynamic simulation of cadmium accumulation in rice tissues

The accurate detection of heavy metal-induced stress on crop growth is important for food security and agricultural, ecological and environmental protection. Spectral sensing offers an efficient and undamaged observation tool to monitor soil and vegetation contamination. This study proposed a methodology for dynamically estimating the total cadmium (Cd) accumulation in rice tissues by assimilating spectral information into WOFOST (World Food Study) model. Based on the differences among ground hyperspectral data of rice in three experiments fields under different Cd concentration levels, the spectral indices MCARI1, NREP and RH were selected to reflect the rice stress condition and dry matter production of rice. With assimilating these sensitive spectral indices into the WOFOST + PROSPECT + SAIL model to optimize the Cd pollution stress factor f_wi, the dynamic dry matter production processes of rice were adjusted. Based on the relation between dry matter production and Cd accumulation, we dynamically simulating the Cd accumulation in rice tissues. The results showed that the method performed well in dynamically estimating the total amount of Cd accumulation in rice tissues with R² over 85%. This study suggests that the proposed method of integrating the spectral information and the crop growth model could successfully dynamically simulate the Cd accumulation in rice tissues.     

基于微博数据和情感分析法的台风“米克拉”灾情过程探测

以2020年第6号台风“米克拉”为例,采集了5916条新浪微博作为数据源,综合应用隐含狄利克雷分布(Latent Dirichlet Allocation,LDA)主题模型、文本情感分析方法和空间分析技术,挖掘、分析台风的灾情时空过程。基于LDA主题模型建立了主题-词矩阵并进行隐含主题聚类,这些微博文本被分为灾损类信息、预警类信息、防御类信息和无关信息;从主题信息和文本情感值两个角度入手,对此次台风事件网络舆情的演化过程进行分析。结果表明:“米克拉”登陆前有大量积极情感的微博,主要包含渴望降雨、降温等信息,此类微博大量分布在漳州、厦门、福州等地区;在台风入境后消极情感的微博大量增多,主要描述道路、树木等受大风和大雨影响的灾损类信息,此类信息的空间位置主要分布在漳州和厦门,能较好地反映台风灾害影响的时空分布。通过对微博主题类别和情感极性进行时空分析,实现台风灾害事件发展趋势的监测,为防灾减灾提供参考依据。     

核废料贮存围岩介质THM耦合过程的数值模拟

针对上期论文对核废料贮存围岩介质THM耦合过程的力学分析建立的数学模型,本文推导了求解THM耦合力学模型的有限元计算公式,并编制了有限元计算程序,并用BM T 1问题的算例,探讨了核废料贮存裂隙岩体水热耦合迁移以及应力响应特征。     

构件模型库的客家古村落三维建模方法——以白鹭古村为例

针对客家历史的重要载体--客家古村落正在面临着被破坏甚至消亡的风险问题,该文对其开展了三维建模方法研究,以进行数字化保护。通过分析客家古村落的建筑特点,首先对客家古村落中的建筑群整体布局展开研究,合理划分出单体古建筑;其次,将单体古建筑拆分成不同类型的子构件并研究各自建模规则,创建了面向客家古村落的建模体系与框架;最后采用CityEngine的规则建模技术为主,结合3DS Max三维建模软件,对子构件进行三维精细建模,构建了基于模型库的客家古村落三维建模方法。并以白鹭古村为例,利用此方法完成了白鹭古村古建筑群的三维精细模型的展示,并开发出了白鹭古村三维仿真系统。实验表明:该方法能够大大提高三维建模效率,快速完成对客家古村落的三维建模。     

Human Health Risk Assessment Model of Organic Pollution in Groundwater: Shijiazhuang Industrial Zone

In this study, a risk-based management model is developed and applied to an industrial zone. The models proposed by the United States Environmental Protection Agency and Han Bing have been improved by adding a residual ratio of volatile organic compounds (VOC) after boiling and deleting the related parameters in half-life. Using this improved model, an integrated process was used to assess human health risk level in the study area. Compared with water quality analysis, the results highlight the importance of applying an integrated approach for decision making on risk levels and water protection. The results of this study demonstrated that: (1) Compared with these permissible level standards in China (GB 3838-2002) and National Primary Drinking Water Regulations of the United States, the residents’ daily life had not been affected by the groundwater in this area (except for relative bad water quality of HB3-4 and HB3-6); (2) The typical detected organic contaminants of all groundwater samples were chloroform, carbon tetrachloride, trichloroethylene and tetrachloroethene, and the pollution sources were mainly industrial sources by preliminary investigations; (3) As for groundwater, the non-carcinogenic risk values of all samples do not exceed the permissible level of 1.0 and the carcinogenic risk values are relatively lower than the permissible level of 1.00E-06 to 1.00E-04; (4) Drinking water pathway of trichloroethylene and tetrachloroethylene mainly contribute to increasing the health risk of residents’ in study areas; (5) In terms of non-carcinogenic risk and carcinogenic risk, the health risk order for drinking water pathway and dermal contact pathway was: drinking water pathway > dermal contact pathway.     

区域水资源协调分析

本文建立了区域水资源协调分析的概念模型和通用多区域-多目标数学模型(MAOM),并结合新疆昌吉州的具体情况,运用目标规划法进行求解,确定了昌吉州近期和远景的水资源合理利用结构。     

中国短时洪涝灾害危险性评估与验证

基于自然灾害风险理论、借助GIS空间分析功能、采用归一化和层次分析法,对中国全国范围尺度进行短时洪涝灾害危险性评估。通过对洪涝灾害危险性因子分析,分别提取当天降雨量、前三天降雨量、地形高程、地形标准差、河湖网络等因素作为评估因子,提出了各因子危险性指数计算方法,以及全国洪涝灾害危险性指数计算模型公式,根据统计分析危险指数的最小值、最大值,结合历史灾情,利用阈值分割法确定危险等级分割值为0．3、0．45及0．6,将洪涝灾害危险等级划分为高危险、中危险、低危险与无危险四个等级,从而建立类似于天气预报模式的全国洪涝灾害危险性评估模型,并以2009年9月14日为例进行了洪涝灾害危险等级评估的实际应用。最后,本文提出了基于昨日灾情的危险性评估结果验证方法,通过整理同期昨日灾情资料构建灾情数据库,对2009年汛期的洪涝灾害危险性评估结果分别从数量和面积两个角度,基于县和地市两级行政区划作为验证单元进行验证。验证结果表明,洪涝灾害危险性评估结果无论是从数量上还是从面积上看均具有较高的正确率,与实际灾情基本吻合。