Semi-analytical solution for one-dimensional consolidation of fractional derivative viscoelastic saturated soils

This paper presents a semi-analytical solution to one-dimensional consolidation equation of fractional derivative Kelvin-Voigt viscoelastic saturated soils subjected to different time-dependent loadings. The theory of fractional calculus is first introduced to Kelvin-Voigt constitutive model to describe consolidation behavior of viscoelastic saturated soils. By applying Laplace transform upon the one-dimensional consolidation equation of saturated soils, the analytical solutions of effective stress and settlement in the Laplace transform domain are obtained. The present solutions are more general and have good agreements with available solutions from the literature, and are degenerated into ones for one-dimensional consolidation of elastic and viscoelastic saturated soils.     

Axisymmetric consolidation of saturated multi-layered soils with anisotropic permeability due to well pumping

Axisymmetric consolidation of multi-layered soils induced by groundwater extraction from a dewatering well is studied with consideration of the anisotropic permeability and the well length. Laplace-Hankel transforms are utilized to solve the governing equations. The analytical layer-element method is used to build relationships between displacements, stresses, excess pore pressure and seepage velocity in the transformed domain. The real solutions can be obtained by the inversion of Laplace-Hankel transforms. A series of parametric studies, especially the length of a dewatering well and the combined effect of pumping and recharging, are conducted to analyze the consolidation behaviors of layered soils.     

Multidimensional analytical models for isotope ratios in groundwater pollutant plumes of organic contaminants undergoing different biodegradation kinetics

This work presents analytical models which are able to predict contours of concentrations and isotope ratios of organic pollutants in homogeneous aquifers. Four analytical solutions of the advective–dispersive transport equation for reactive transport from the literature differing in assumptions regarding biodegradation kinetics were used. Stable isotope ratios are computed after modelling the individual reactive transport of isotopic species in the aquifer, which respond differently to fractionation by biodegradation or sorption. The main finding of this study is that the isotope ratios in the plumes are very sensitive to the assumptions underlying the biodegradation kinetics in the models. When biodegradation occurs throughout the core of the plume as first-order reaction, the transversal gradients in isotope ratios are smooth. When biodegradation occurs in a bi-molecular reaction with an electron acceptor (modelled by double-Monod kinetics), steep transversal isotope gradients are predicted. When the reaction rates approach instantaneous reaction along the plume fringes, isotope shifts in the core of the plume disappear. A model incorporating plume and fringe degradation produces the most plausible predictions of isotope ratios in this study. It is shown furthermore that isotope fractionation by sorption causes an even different pattern of isotope ratios, with positive shifts restricted to near the forerunning front of an expanding plume. The models developed in this work can serve for the validation of numerical models and may be incorporated in natural attenuation support systems such as e.g. BIOSCREEN.     

具有饱和土沉积层的充水河谷对平面瑞雷波的散射

针对具有饱和土沉积层的充水河谷对平面瑞雷波的散射问题,把半空间场地用单相弹性介质模拟,河谷中的饱和土沉积层用Biot饱和多孔介质动力理论模拟,河谷中的水假定为无黏性流体（理想流体）,利用波函数展开法在频域内给出了具有饱和土沉积层的圆弧形充水河谷对平面瑞雷波散射问题的解析解答.文中给出了算例,计算了不同输入频率和高宽比时河谷谷底的位移幅值.算例表明由于具有饱和土沉积层的充水河谷存在,使得河谷谷底的位移幅值放大4倍多,并且它的幅值随着河谷谷底位置的不同而产生较大的变化.     

土壤-植被-大气系统水分能量传输模拟和验证

本文建立了包括地下水的土壤－植被－大气系统水分能量传输综合模型,并对模型中冠层动量湍流交换反梯度传输现象的描述进行了改进。在此基础上,依据冠层内动量和热量的交换以及辐射传输过程,同时求解地表、冠层能量平衡方程,进而模拟饱和－非饱和土壤的水热传输。用浅地下水地区冬小麦田间试验资料对模型进行验证,结果表明,系统能量平衡各分量和土壤含水量的模拟与观测结果相当一致。模型敏感性分析发现,叶面积指数对总蒸散量的影响随叶面积指数的增加而逐渐减弱;叶片最小气孔阻力对总蒸散量的影响,在该阻力较小时更显著;地下水位对蒸散量的影响在它小于１．５ｍ时不显著,而在１．５～１．７５ｍ之间时,蒸散减小较快,主要由于土壤蒸发减小显著,冠层蒸腾稍有增加。     

Dynamic torsional response of an end bearing pile in saturated poroelastic medium

A comprehensive analytical solution is developed in this paper to investigate the torsional vibration of an end bearing pile embedded in a homogeneous poroelastic medium and subjected to a time-harmonic torsional loading. The poroelastic medium is modeled using Biot’s two-phased linear theory and the pile using one-dimensional elastic theory. By using the separation of variables technique, the torsional response of the soil layer is solved first. Then based on perfect contact between the pile and soil, the dynamic response of the pile is obtained in a closed form. Numerical results for torsional impedance of the soil layer are presented first to portray the influence of wave modes, slenderness ratio, pile–soil modulus ratio and poroelastic properties. A comparison with the plane strain theory is performed. The selected numerical results are obtained to analyze the influence of the major parameters on the torsional impedance at the level of the pile head. Finally, the dynamic torsional impedance of this study is compared with that for floating pile in elastic soil.     

Characteristics of deformation of saturated soft clay under the load of Shanghai subway line No. 2

Shanghai subway Line No. 2 passes through the center of Shanghai from Songhong Road station in the west to Zhangjianggaoke station in the east. The total length of Shanghai subway Line No. 2 is 25 km. The tunnel mostly lies in the saturated soft clay and the environment issue can not be ignored. The response frequency and response stress of soil around the tunnel are monitored when the subway train passes through. The cyclic triaxial test of the saturated soft clay around the subway tunnel is conducted using the data monitored. The characteristics of deformation of the saturated soft clay of Shanghai under the subway load are analyzed. The results show that when the subway train Line No. 2 begins to run, a small and vertical rebound first occurs in the saturated soft clay at the side wall of the tunnel. Although a large deformation does not occur in the saturated soft clay at the side wall of the tunnel when the subway train has run for a period of time, yet with the lapse of time, a perceptive and non-uniform deformation will still occur. The vertical rebound is transitory and a plastic deformation occurs immediately in the saturated soft clay at the bottom of the tunnel, the large deformation at the bottom of the tunnel is 30 times that of the saturated soft clay at the side wall of the tunnel. An erratum to this article can be found at     

单、双向动三轴试验条件下饱和砂动力特性对比

在饱和砂土地震液化评估中,多用单向动三轴试验代替双向动三轴试验获得土体的抗液化强度。由于单向激振和双向激振产生的应力路径不同,土的动力特性受应力路径影响,其合理性尚待证明。本文利用双向振动三轴仪分别采用单、双向振动形式进行饱和砂土振动液化试验,对比了相同动剪应力作用下累积孔压和动强度,分析了较大循环振次作用下单、双向振动方式使试样动力响应产生差异的原因,提出了利用单向三轴试验代替双向振动模拟地震循环剪应力获得砂土动力特性的室内试验方法的适用条件。     

引洮工程15~#饱和黄土隧洞主要病害及防治措施

以甘肃省引洮工程总干渠15#引水隧洞施工实践为例,分析了隧洞所在标段饱和黄土的主要工程地质条件,着重研究了在隧洞施工过程中遇到的围岩塌方、拱架变形、涌水等不良地质现象并提出了预防和处理措施,并且通过对桩号为105+166安装的围岩变形观测试验数据分析得到了饱和黄土隧洞变形的一般规律,为施工中何时进行二次支护提供科学的依据。     

电感耦合等离子体发射光谱法测定饱和卤水中的硼

用电感耦合等离子体发射光谱法测定饱和卤水中的硼,对共存元素基体干扰量进行了试验。在标准系列中加入定量基体,将卤水稀释10倍后直接测定,并做了加标回收试验,回收率在97%～103%之间,分析误差在化学分析允许的范围内,检出限和精密度都非常好。该方法快速准确,简便易行,能代替原有的容量法等化学分析方法。