Quantifying winter wheat residue biomass with a spectral angle index derived from China Environmental Satellite data

Quantification of crop residue biomass on cultivated lands is essential for studies of carbon cycling of agroecosystems, soil-atmospheric carbon exchange and Earth systems modeling. Previous studies focus on estimating crop residue cover (CRC) while limited research exists on quantifying crop residue biomass. This study takes advantage of the high temporal resolution of the China Environmental Satellite (HJ-1) data and utilizes the band configuration features of HJ-1B data to establish spectral angle indices to estimate crop residue biomass. Angles formed at the NIR_IRS vertex by the three vertices at R, NIR_IRS, and SWIR (ANIR_IRS) of HJ-1B can effectively indicate winter wheat residue biomass. A coefficient of determination (R²) of 0.811 was obtained between measured winter wheat residue biomass and ANIR_IRS derived from simulated HJ-1B reflectance data. The ability of ANIR_IRS for quantifying winter wheat residue biomass using HJ-1B satellite data was also validated and evaluated. Results indicate that ANIR_IRS performed well in estimating winter wheat residue biomass with different residue treatments; the root mean square error (RMSE) between measured and estimated residue biomass was 0.038 kg/m². ANIR_IRS is a potential method for quantifying winter wheat residue biomass at a large scale due to wide swath width (350 km) and four-day revisit rate of the HJ-1 satellite. While ANIR_IRS can adequately estimate winter wheat residue biomass at different residue moisture conditions, the feasibility of ANIR_IRS for winter wheat residue biomass estimation at different fractional coverage of green vegetation and different environmental conditions (soil type, soil moisture content, and crop residue type) needs to be further explored.     

Evaluation of temperature trends over India / Evaluation de tendances de température en Inde

Abstract

Abstract The impact of climate change is projected to have different effects within and between countries. Information about such change is required at global, regional and basin scales for a variety of purposes. An investigation was carried out to identify trends in temperature time series of 125 stations distributed over the whole of India. The non-parametric Mann-Kendall test was applied to detect monotonic trends in annual average and seasonal temperatures. Three variables related to temperature, viz. mean, mean maximum and mean minimum, were considered for analysis on both an annual and a seasonal basis. Each year was divided into four principal seasons, viz. winter, pre-monsoon, monsoon and post-monsoon. The percentages of significant trends obtained for each parameter in the different seasons are presented. Temperature anomalies are plotted, and it is observed that annual mean temperature, mean maximum temperature and mean minimum temperature have increased at the rate of 0.42, 0.92 and 0.09°C (100 year)^-1, respectively. On a regional basis, stations of southern and western India show a rising trend of 1.06 and 0.36°C (100 year)^-1, respectively, while stations of the north Indian plains show a falling trend of –0.38°C (100 year)^-1. The seasonal mean temperature has increased by 0.94°C (100 year)^-1 for the post-monsoon season and by 1.1°C (100 year)^-1 for the winter season.     

Spatial distribution of resistivity in the hydrogeological systems,and identification of the catchment area in the Rharb basin,Morocco / Répartition spatiale de la résistivité dans les systèmes hydrogéologiques et détection des zones de captages dans le bassin du Rharb,Maroc

Abstract

Abstract Geophysical results obtained in the Rharb basin, Morocco are reported. Correlations between hydrogeological well logs reveal several water-bearing Plio-Quaternary units resting on a substrate of blue marls. Geo-electrical borehole analyses were interpreted using bi-logarithmic diagrams which indicate the permeable layers of the aquifer and also its basement. Resistivity data from NE–SW and NW–SE electrical sections allow definition of the permeable/impermeable levels, and identification of ?ditches? that may be favourable sectors for hydrogeological exploitation. Resistivity anomalies were investigated by analysing maps of resistivity at 400 and 1000 m AB. Anomalies identified in the Rharb basin are related to the thickening of the permeable bodies (sand, limestone, sandstone deposits). In the coastal zone (AB = 1000 m), there is a strong decrease of the resistivity gradient (35–10 Ω m), which is probably linked to marine intrusion. Electrical anomalies allow detection of the water-bearing zones notably in the western and southwestern parts of the Rharb basin.     

内蒙古克什克腾旗黄岗山锡铜矿激电测量方法应用分析

内蒙古克什克腾旗黄岗山锡铜矿区北部及中部为第四纪冰川遗迹,在植被极其发育的地表之下为冰渍物、残坡积物等组成的碎石层,厚度多大于3m,因此开展地表地质工作有一定的难度。为提高找矿效果,开展了1：1万激电测量工作。通过对激电异常的查证分析,在DJH-1号激电异常南西侧边界,燕山早期似斑状中细粒黑云母二长花岗岩与两侧石英闪长岩、花岗斑岩的内、外接触带附近发现有多期次岩浆侵入,矿化蚀变强烈,目前共圈定锡矿体10个、铜矿体8个;圈定的矿体和发现的激电异常具有较好的对应性,为进一步开展地质勘查工作提供了重要的依据。     

应用二维经验模分解(BEMD)法提取滇东Pt、Pd 元素地球化学异常

应用二维经验模分解(BEMD)法从滇东Pt-Pd含量数据中提取2类Pt-Pd异常,即由二维内蕴模函数3(BIMF3)表征的区域Pt-Pd异常和由二维内蕴模函数2(BIMF2)表征的局部Pt-Pd异常。根据异常产出的地质特征,区域Pt-Pd异常可进一步划分为2个亚类：其一是位于受SN向小江断裂和NE向寻甸-宣威深大断裂控制的二叠纪峨眉山玄武岩分布区的异常,其特征是具有明显的浓集中心,异常强度大;其二是分布于研究区中南部的黑色岩系中的异常,异常强度弱。其中前者是滇东Pt-Pd找矿的有利地段。局部Pt-Pd异常可进一步划分为3个亚类：①分布于玄武岩区,受SN-NE向深大断裂与其次级断裂交会域控制的异常;②分布于不同地质时期黑色岩系中的异常;③哀牢山断裂北侧与基性、超基性侵入岩有关的异常。其中,分布于玄武岩区的Pt-Pd局部异常强度高、规模大,是进一步找寻Pt-Pd资源的远景地段。     

坦桑尼亚某金矿的磁力、激电异常特征

坦桑尼亚某金矿是与条带状含铁建造（BIF）有关的隐伏金矿床。为了查明该金矿脉的分布情况,开展了地面高精度磁力勘查。△T异常特征以负异常为主,负异常峰值大于正异常,正异常为伴生异常,总体上反映了BIF在平面上的延伸方向和构造方向特征;激电测深断面异常以视电阻率等值线“下凹”、视极化率等值线“上凸”为表现形式,二者分别反映了断面内的构造位置和BIF形态特征。本区磁力和激电异常对BIF体的隐伏特征反映的均很明显,依据二者的测量成果,进行钻孔定位,指导钻探施工,钻遇了目的层,收到了很好的效果。     

2010年新西兰M7.1地震前的长波辐射变化特征

以2001—2011年美国NOAA长波辐射数据为背景数据,利用涡度背景场法研究2010年9月3日新西兰南岛M7.1级地震前后卫星长波辐射数据变化特征。结果表明,地震当月在震中西南侧出现显著的长波辐射异常变化,这种变化在全年各月及2001—2011年11年历年同月变化中都是最为显著的,认为其是本次地震的1次映震表现。用同样方法对区内2001—2011年11年间发生6次7.0级以上地震的长波辐射数据进行分析,结果在3次陆地地震发震前都检测到了长波辐射异常变化,而海域地震前则未发现这种现象。检索前人的相关研究结果,发现仅有2次海域地震(2004年12月26日印度尼西亚苏门答腊西北海域8.7级地震和2010年1月12日海地7.0级地震)前有长波辐射异常变化的报道,而根据全球云量分布资料显示,这2个地震所发生的区域是全球洋面云量分布最少的2个区域,而新西兰地震发生的区域位于全球洋面云量分布最多的区域。因此,认为由于水汽和云层对地表红外辐射的强吸收作用,长波辐射捕捉陆地地震红外辐射异常变化更加灵敏,对陆地地震的映震效能要强于海洋地震。     

Crustal Magnetic Studies over Krishna-Godavari Basin in Eastern Continental Margin of India

Total field magnetic data were collected over the Krishna-Godavari basin covering 20, 000 sq.km with an average spacing of 8.5 km. This was mainly to study the long wavelength features related with the deep structures. Aeromagnetic map of the region compared well with the ground maps. The anomaly maps show a combination of NE-SW, NS/NNE-SSW and NW-SE trends. The anomalies of ground data are transformed to isolate the sources at different depths. The second vertical derivative and downward continuation maps bring out clearly the NE-SW and NS/NNE-SSW trends related to the coastal basin and Eastern Ghats implying that they are shallow. These are probably superposed on much deeper NW-SE trending structural features of Pre-Gondwana breakup as evidenced in the Horizontal Gradient of Pseudogravity and upward continuation maps. From the offshore magnetic data it appears that these trends extend up to the Ocean Continent Boundary. It is inferred that the deeper features are associated with rifting of Dharwar and Bastar cratons within the Indian plate, prior to the rifting of India from Gondwanaland. The superposed horst and graben structures are related to the formation of the pull-apart Krishna-Godavari basin as a result of rifting and drifting of India from Gondwanaland. These two structural features are associated with two different tectonic events.     

利用重磁资料研究南岭于都-赣县矿集区 花岗岩与

于都-赣县矿集区是南岭东段一个具有良好找矿前景的钨、金银铜铅锌矿集区,花岗岩与成矿关系密切,而断裂构造往往是控岩、控矿构造。因此系统探查该区花岗岩和断裂构造分布是进一步找矿的关键问题之一。本文通过对该区重磁场特征与已出露花岗岩和断裂分布特征对应关系的研究,系统推断了该区花岗岩和断裂构造分布。研究表明:利用重力资料研究花岗岩分布具有较好的效果和较高的效率,而利用磁力资料只能推断出有磁性的花岗岩,推断出的隐伏花岗岩体规模大约是已出露花岗岩体规模的2倍;利用重磁资料推断了9条一级断裂和49条二级断裂;通过花岗岩体分布与断裂分布规律的研究表明该区断裂构造对花岗岩的发展起着主要的控制作用。上述成果为矿集区深部控矿岩体和控矿构造的进一步研究提供了地球物理依据。     

北斗卫星通信方式在泉州洪水预警报系统中的应用

结合福建省泉州市洪水预警报系统15a建设和管理经验,简要对目前国内水雨情测报系统的各种通信方式进行利弊分析,着重介绍了北斗卫星通信方式在泉州洪水预警报系统的应用,包括系统的建设内容、技术指标、工作原理、组网结构、实现功能,以及硬件系统组成和设备选型情况,可为其他地区在水利、防汛等领域建设北斗卫星通信系统提供参考和经验借鉴,为防台风防汛抗旱机构提供实时的指挥决策信息。