老挝铜地球化学背景与异常特征

老挝是东南亚地区多金属矿产的重要产地, 本文首次依据老挝全境1:100万地球化学填图数据, 初步研究了老挝铜地球化学地球化学背景和空间分布特征, 圈定了老挝地球化学异常, 主要取得了如下结论: 1)老挝水系沉积物铜含量分布范围在1.20×10–6～459.00×10–6, 平均值21.96×10–6, 背景值16.50×10–6, 不同构造单元中铜含量而言, 长山地块和各类缝合带上的铜元素平均值和中位值显著大于其他构造单元; 2)老挝铜的地球化学图显示, 其铜元素分布不均, 总体上表现为北部较高, 南部较低的格局; 3)用含量累计频率85%(33.1×10–6)为异常下限, 全老挝境内圈定铜元素地球化学异常13处, 其中4处达地球化学省规模(>1000 km2), 为老挝铜矿成矿远景区划分和勘查提供了基础性资料。     

应用奇异值分解与二维经验模型分解提取金矿化致矿重力异常

奇异值分解(singular value decomposition,SVD)和二维经验模型分解(bi-dimensional empirical mode decomposition,BEMD)2种方法用于鲁西铜石金矿田的金矿化致矿重力异常提取.通过对比研究得出如下结论:①基于重力数据,由BEMD和SVD 2种方法获...     

东昆仑地质填图中北斗卫星定位系统应用研究

通过北斗卫星定位系统终端在东昆仑试验区不同海拔高度、天气条件、地貌构造及移动状态下的示范应用,总结归纳了该定位系统在野外地质调查中的应用特点及不足,并对未来北斗卫星定位系统的应用进行了分析。试验应用结果表明,北斗卫星定位系统在提高地质调查效率、保障野外地质调查人员人身安全、野外作业管理以及野外应急服务等方面均可发挥重要作用。系统目前存在的定位精度不尽如人意、定位信号受地貌构造、天气和移动方式影响不甚稳定的现象,是其今后发展中需要重点解决的问题。      

Predicting global landslide spatiotemporal distribution： Integrating landslide susceptibility zoning techniques and real-time satellite rainfall estimates

Landslides triggered by rainfall can possibly be foreseen in real time by jointly using rainfall intensity-duration thresholds and information related to land surface susceptibility. However, no system exists at either a national or a global scale to monitor or detect rainfall conditions that may trigger landslides due to the lack of sufficient ground-based observing network in many parts of the world. Recent advances in satellite remote sensing technology and increasing availability of high-resolution geospatial products around the globe have provided an unprecedented opportunity for such a study. In this paper, a framework for developing a preliminary real-time prediction system to identify where rainfall-triggered landslides will occur is proposed by combining two necessary components： surface landslide susceptibility and a real-time space-based rainfall analysis system （http：//trmm.gsfc.nasa.gov）. First, a global landslide susceptibility map is derived from a combination of semi-static global surface characteristics （digital elevation topography, slope, soil types, soil texture, land cover classification, etc.） using a GIS weighted linear combination approach. Second, an adjusted empirical relationship between rainfall intensity-duration and landslide occurrence is used to assess landslide hazards at areas with high susceptibility. A major outcome of this work is the availability for the first time of a global assessment of landslide hazards, which is only possible because of the utilization of global satellite remote sensing products. This preliminary system can be updated continuously using the new satellite remote sensing products. This proposed system, if pursued through wide interdisciplinary efforts as recommended herein, bears the promise to grow many local landslide hazard analyses into a global decision-making support system for landslide disaster preparedness and mitigation activities across the world.     

利用MERIS和AATSR资料估算黄土高原塬区蒸散发量研究

基于陆面能量平衡原理,通过对搭载在欧洲空间局环境卫星(Environmental Satellite,ENVI-SAT)上中分辨率影像光谱仪(Medium Resolution Imaging Spectrometer,MERIS)2005年6月7,11和27日的遥感观测资料进行大气纠正等预处理后,得到估算瞬时蒸散发量所需要的地表反照率和植被覆盖度等值,并利用分裂窗法和ENVISAT上搭载的先进的沿轨迹扫描辐射计(Advanced Along-TrackScanning Radiometer,AATSR)的观测资料进行了地表温度的反演,进一步估算出黄土高原塬区午间瞬时净辐射、感热通量和土壤热通量。结合与卫星遥感观测资料同期研究区域气象站的太阳辐射、气温、日照时数和风速等气象要素资料,充分考虑到植被冠层和陆地表面对蒸散发量的不同影响,发展了一个可以估算陆面潜热的简化模型,并将瞬时蒸散发量转化为日蒸散发量。对卫星遥感估算的潜热通量,利用黄土高原塬区陆面过程野外观测试验(Loess Plateau land surface process field Experiments,LOPEXs)的地面通量观测资料进行验证,结果表明:二者最大相对差异为10.9%,最小相对差异为4.8%,并对差异误差产生的原因进行了分析和探讨。     

TM 假彩色合成卫片在土地详查中的应用

文内涉及的 TM 假彩色三波段合成卫片的波长分别为,TM2 0.53—0.61μm,TM3 0.63—0.69μm,TM4 0.78—0.90μm。根据波谱规律卫片能直观地反映区内各地理要素的空间结构及区域分布规律。作者在玉树地区的土地调查中,利用各地类图斑的影像色调特征,建立了解译标志,结合地形图能较好地确定各地类的准确界线,显示清晰的图面结构。     

Secular perturbations of fictitious satellites of uranus

Secular perturbations of fictitious satellites that are initially circular and in the equatorial plane of Uranus are discussed. Satellites located in the region where the solar perturbation is dominant become highly eccentric and inclined with respect to the equator, and have a possibility to collide with Uranus. Satellites located in the region where the oblateness perturbation is dominant keep the original eccentricity and the inclination. A scenario of a possible extinction of outer satellites of Uranus is also discussed.     

Seasonal cycle of topography in the Bohai Sea and Yellow Sea and its relationships with atmospheric forcing and oceanic adjustment based on altimetry data

Seasonal cycle is the most significant signals of topography and circulation in the Bohai Sea (BS)and Yellow Sea (YS) forced by prevailing monsoon and is still poorly understood due to lack of data in their interiors. In the present study, seasonal cycles of topography in the BS and YS and its relationship with atmospheric forcing and oceanic adjustment were examined and discussed using TOPEX/Poseidon and ERS-I/2 Sea Level Anomalies (SLA) data. Analyses revealed complicated seasonal cycles of topography composed mainly of 2 REOF modes, the winter-summer mode (WlM) and spring-autumn mode (SAM). The WlM with action center in the BS displayed peak and southward pressure gradient in July, and valley and northward pressure gradient in January, which is obviously the direct response to monsoon with about l-month response time. The SAM with action center in the western south YS displayed peak and northward pressure gradient in October and valley and southward pressure gradient in April. After the mature period of monsoon, the action center in the BS becam eweakened while that in the western south YS became strengthened because of regional convergence or divergence induced by seasonal variations of the Taiwan Warm Current and Yellow Sea Coastal Current. The direct response of topography to monsoon resulted in the WIM, while oceanic adjustment of topography played an important role in the forming of the SAM.     

一种提取弱异常的方法

本文提出一种基于互相关原理的提取弱异常的方法,用于从复杂异常形态中提取出有用的弱异常,给出了应用实例.     

9711号台风及伴生暴雨的卫星云图特征

711号台风是近年来影响我国的一个强度和范围最大的台风。台风登陆时,正值天文大潮期,因而引起风暴潮,使得浙江、上海、江苏等沿海海堤坝损坏严重。台风登陆后,台风中心途经5个省,致使七省一市出现暴雨,山东及辽宁两省出现区域性大暴雨天气。直接经济损失达250亿元。本文按卫星云图上显示的9711号台风云系演变特征,将9711号台风活动过程分为四个阶段,即发展加强阶段、登陆阶段、台风外围云系与北方冷锋云系合并阶段及台风云系向温带气旋云系演变阶段。最后讨论了台风暴雨的时空分布与不同阶段台风云系的关系。