山东半岛地下水库建设与研究进展

合理建设和管理地下水库是我国北方缺水地区增加水资源可利用量的有效途径.为了有效利用暴雨洪水资源,同时阻止海水沿河道下游入侵地下水含水层,自上世纪80年代以来,山东半岛陆续兴建了多座地下水库.介绍了山东半岛地下水库建设成就、地下水库建设的潜力、采取的技术措施和主要研究进展.指出地下水库环境保护是亟待引起重视的问题.     

Coastal processes and environmental hazards: the Buenos Aires (Argentina) and Venetian (Italy) littorals

The Buenos Aires (Argentina) and Venice (Italy) coastlands have experienced significant saltwater contamination of the phreatic aquifer, coastal erosion, hydrodynamic changes and relative sea level rise processes due to natural and man-induced factors. These factors expose coastal areas to morpho-hydro-geological hazards, such as soil desertification, frequency and degree of flooding, littoral erosion, and the silting of river mouths and channels. Man-made interventions and actions, such as beach mining, construction of coastal structures and exploitation of aquifers without an adequate knowledge of the hydrology setting and an adequate management program, worsen these natural hazards. Uncontrolled human activity induces environmental damage to the overall coastal plains. The coastal plains play an important role in the social/economic development of the two regions based on land use, such as agriculture, horticulture, breeding, and tourism, as well as industry. Results of investigations on saltwater contamination, sea level rise and morphological changes recently performed in these two coastal areas are presented here.     

Analytical models of contaminant transport in coastal aquifers

The Henry formulation, which couples subsurface flow and salt transport via a variable-density flow formulation, can be used to evaluate the extent of sea water intrusion into coastal aquifers. The coupling gives rise to nontrivial flow patterns that are very different from those observed in inland aquifers. We investigate the influence of these flow patterns on the transport of conservative contaminants in a coastal aquifer. The flow is characterized by two dimensionless parameters: the Péclet number, which compares the relative effects of advective and dispersive transport mechanisms, and a coupling parameter, which describes the importance of the salt water boundary on the flow. We focus our attention on two regimes – low and intermediate Péclet number flows. Two transport scenarios are solved analytically by means of a perturbation analysis. The first, a natural attenuation scenario, describes the flushing of a contaminant from a coastal aquifer by clean fresh water, while the second, a contaminant spill scenario, considers an isolated point source.     

Ground water hydrochemical characteristics:seawater intruded area in eastern and southern coast of Laizhou Bay

Eastern and southern coastal zones of Laizhou Bay are the most representative seawater intruded areas in the world, with two intrusion sources of contemporary seawater and paleobrine. In order to reveal the complicated hydrochemical changing process and the mechanism of fresh groundwater being polluted by saltwater, we conducted long-term observation and hydrochemical analysis at four observing sections of typical salt-fresh water transitional zone. The study indicates that seawater and brine intrusion processes have different hydrochemical features, and that ion exchange and adsorption actions between water and aquifer produce great influence on the intrusion.     

柯树北岩体岩石谱系单位的建立及构造环境分析

柯树北岩体为陆壳改造型（S型）花岗岩，具有结构和成分演化序列，运用岩石结构列序法，将其划分为6个单元，归并为1个超单位，按侵入体空间展布形式，岩体地质学，岩石学，构造地球化学等资料，提出了岩浆侵位是受区域拉张应力控制的认识。     

攀西地区红格层状岩体的地球化学特征

红格岩体赋存有大型钒钛磁铁矿床，在橄辉岩相带和辉石岩相带底部有铂族元素（PEG）的矿化，是攀西层状岩体中重要的岩体之一，系统分析了红格层状岩体不同岩相带的微量元素和稀土元素特征，探讨了岩浆的结晶分异演化过程，提出岩体主体上是由一个岩浆房经正常的结晶分异形成的，底层的硫化物富集带和中上层位的钒钛磁铁矿是岩浆结晶分异产生的堆积相，并非是岩浆多次脉动式补给的结果。     

含水层中海水入侵的数学模型

提出了考虑过渡带的适合潜水含水层和承压含水层的海水入侵数学模型,导出了相应的方程和定解条件.经实例验证,模型是合理和可靠的.     

Manifestation and measurement of the fractal characteristics of karst hydrogeological formations

A new method of estimating the fractal dimension of the percolation backbone of karst systems, which are discharged through karst springs, is presented. This method is based on the simulation of the spring by the MODKARST deterministic mathematical model. Application has been made to the Psiloritis karst formation in Crete, which feeds the periodically brackish karst spring “Almiros” in Crete. Furthermore, the estimated dimension justifies an independently determined power law that quantifies the sea intrusion into the karst system.     

浙江沐尘岩体与西山头组火山岩的岩浆同源性分析

沐尘岩体与旁侧西山头组火山岩、潜火山岩在空间上密切共生,形成时间相近;岩石类型都属中酸性岩类;具有相近的岩石化学成分,均属弱碱质岩系;各种岩石的稀土配分曲线除Eu外具有基本一致的型式,微量元素配分曲线形态也基本一致,说明它们是同源岩浆演化的产物。其岩石类型、岩石化学和稀土元素、微量元素地球化学方面具有相似性和一致性,岩浆演化均有反序现象,说明它们属同熔型火山-侵入岩组合。根据2004年国际地层委员会公布的侏罗系与白垩系的分界年龄(145.5±4.0Ma),并结合沐尘岩体与旁侧西山头组火山岩的成因关系,沐尘岩体的形成时代确定为早白垩世早期似更合理。     

华北克拉通北部地区古-中元古代富碱侵入岩年代学及意义

本文报道华北克拉通北部燕辽三叉裂堑系和辽-吉拗拉谷内一系列古-中元古代富碱侵入岩的锆石U-Pb年龄。这些岩体整体呈近东西向分布，与该地区同期发育的其他非造山球斑花岗岩、斜长岩和大红裕组火山岩都形成于拉张性构造环境，并构成了一条长近千公里的迄今国内外最古老的富碱侵入岩带。该富碱侵入岩带具有东部较老（〉1．8Ga）和西部年轻（1．7Ga左右）的特点，它提供了华北克拉通在1．85—1．70Ga期间处于裂解构造格局的最好证据，丰富了全球性前寒武纪超大陆裂解的研究内容。