污泥屏障渗透性及重金属阻截效果试验研究

目前,废弃物处置场渗滤液中的重金属污染物只能依靠极低渗透性的水力屏障来控制,还不存在利用化学场专门拦截重金属污染物的反应型屏障。在有机结合生活污泥的低渗透性与丰富的有机质和厌氧微生物特性的基础上,提出“污泥屏障”的构想。研究利用柔性壁渗透仪测量不同有效应力作用下生活污泥试样的渗透系数,并对渗出液的化学性质进行了监测,验证污泥屏障的可行性。试验结果表明：随着有效应力的增大,污泥试样干密度提高,渗透系数的对数值随孔隙比的减小线性降低。试样内部微生物厌氧呼吸形成的生物膜和无机物沉淀以及黏土颗粒双电层厚度的增大,也是污泥渗透系数降低的原因,污泥渗透系数仅为 数量级。另外,污泥强烈吸附能力及厌氧微生物呼吸作用形成的中-弱碱性还原环境,对渗透液中的Zn和Cd都起到了很好的拦截作用。     

天然卤水体系冷冻实验研究进展

综述了海水和盐湖卤水低温物理化学性质研究的历史与现状,介绍了相关的矿物鉴定方法,并对冷冻实验在油田卤水开发和利用中的应用前景进行了展望。     

南口污水处理厂强夯处理地基瑞雷波检测

瑞雷波相速度V_R可以反映一定深度范围内岩土体的物理力学性质.与常规检测方法相比,瑞雷波检测具有分辨率高、受场地影响小、检测设备简单、检测速度快等优点,能够胜任大面积地基处理效果的检测.本文主要介绍瑞雷波检测在南口镇污水处理厂场地地基强夯处理效果检测中的应用.比较对应测点处持力层深度范围内的瑞雷波速与原位载荷试验数据,得出了准基床系数K与瑞雷波波速V_R的统计关系,据此将强夯地基持力层深度上的V_R分布转换为K值的分布,进而得出了场区地基处理土体在设计荷载作用下的沉降量分布.根据上述测试结果对场区地基强夯处理效果进行了评价.     

Effects of Poisonous and Harmful Elements Brought about by Coal Mining on Water Environment in Zibo Coal Mine, Shandong Province, China

INTRODUCTIONZibo lies in the center of Shandong Province,China.Thetopography of Zibo is high in the south and low in the north.Zibo is characterized by hills in the east,the south and thewest,and a wide plain in the north(Fig.1) .The annual rain-fall is 5 0 0 - 70 0 mm .The coal resources are very abundant in Zibo.There areXiazhuang,Xihe and Hongshan coal mines in the researcharea.The m ining sewage,about 0 .844 2× 10 8m3/ a,accountsfor about80 % of runoff of the Xiaofu River.The X…     

EM对SBR工艺处理生活污水的强化作用

生物强化技术对于改善现有污水处理工艺的效果具有重要作用 。实验研究以生活污水中添加有效微生物群(EM)和单以生活污水两种方式培养活性污泥,然 后分别将其引入SBR反应器,以考察EM对SBR工艺处理生活污水的强化作用。结果表明,在正 常生活污水浓度和最优工艺条件(污水pH6～8,曝气2h,静置沉淀0.5h)下,EM-SBR反应器对 污水CODcr、NH+4-N的平均去除率分别比普通SBR工艺高19.08%和23.17%;且具有较好 的稳定性。此外,EM强化的SBR工艺还具有极强的抗冲击负荷能力,当进水CODcr为2738mg．L-1时,处理3h后,出水CODcr即可达到《污水综合排放标准》的要求,去除率高于96 %,而普通SBR工艺即使处理6h也不能达标。     

围堰工程对污水管线影响的数值模拟与评估

城市内新建工程周边环境复杂,地下管线种类繁多,在设计之初就需要考虑施工以及工程营运对其安全的影响,但目前缺乏统一的影响评价标准,须按照管线功能以及所属部门的相关规程作为其评价依据。该项目的管线为下穿围堰的2条直径为1.2 m、壁厚为12 mm的排污管,采用FLAC3D建立了围堰工程对大直径有压焊接薄壁排污管道的三维数值计算模型,分4种不同施工工况进行了管道变形和应力计算。依据相关规范的要求,从管道本身的安全性和正常使用要求出发,并采用第4强度理论计算了相当应力,最大值为136.61 MPa,出现在最后抽水工况下管1的外侧。最大沉降量39.3 mm对应的管体倾斜量为0.275%。将其结果与理论值进行对比,理论计算得到的相当应力最大值为188.18 MPa,高于数值计算结果,其原因为理论方法将各影响效应分别计算并进行简单相加。结果表明,拟建围堰工程对该管线的影响可控,数值方法较规范方法计算结果更为合理,为类似工程对管线影响评价提供了参考。     

Analysis of foraminifera assemblages and sediment geochemical properties to characterise the environment near Araçá and Saco da Capela domestic sewage submarine outfalls of São Sebastião Channel, São Paulo State, Brazil

Superficial bottom samples were collected near diffusers of domestic sewage submarine outfalls at Araçá and Saco da Capela, São Sebastião Channel, Brazil. The goal of this study was to investigate the distribution and composition of live benthic foraminifera assemblages and integrate the results obtained with geochemical analyses to assess human-induced changes. According to the results obtained no environmental stress was observed near the Saco da Capela submarine outfall diffusers. The foraminifera assemblage is characterised by species typical of highly hydrodynamic environments, with well-oxygenated bottom waters and low nutrient contents. In contrast, near Araçá submarine outfall, organic enrichment was denoted by high phosphorus, sulphur and, to a lesser extent, total organic carbon content. Harmful influences on foraminifera could be identified by low richness and specific diversity, as well as the predominance of detritivore feeder species, which are associated with higher organic matter flux and low oxygen in the interstitial pore water.     

Pit lakes of the Central German lignite mining district: Creation, morphometry and water quality aspects

About 140 pit lakes exist in Central Germany. These have resulted from lignite mining and are important parts of the post-mining landscape in the Central German lignite mining district. Their water quality is mainly influenced by the consequences of pyrite oxidation, i.e., acidification or results of natural or artificial neutralization. The major way of filling as well as a cheap and successful measure against acidification was the diversion of river water into the lakes or their filling with neutral water from mines still operating. Eutrophication, contamination by industrial pollutants and infection with pathogens imported with river water were found to be unimportant threats for the pit lakes in the Central German lignite mining district. Intrusion of naturally saline groundwater from deeper underground resulted in some cases in elevated concentrations of sodium chloride and in meromixis. The diverse uses of the lakes (e.g. recreation, nature conservation, water management) indicate that the pit lakes fulfil widely the typical functions of lakes in a landscape. The creation, the current state of water quality and lessons learned in water quality management are reported upon for the pit lakes of the Central German lignite mining district.     

全国盐湖信息共享平台的设计与实现

盐湖是宝贵的综合性自然资源,有着重要的经济和社会价值。全国盐湖信息共享平台的建设,一方面能够提供盐湖空间信息,为盐湖动态变化研究提供基础数据;另一方面,能通过属性数据库,提供盐湖现状和资源概况,为资源开发提供基础数据。在分析了WebGIS及其相关技术的基础上,介绍了全国盐湖信息共享平台的软硬件运行环境,详述了平台空间数据库和属性数据库的建设,概括了网站的创建过程及平台的主要功能。     

Spatial distribution and ecology of the Recent Ostracoda from Tangra Yumco and adjacent waters on the southern Tibetan Plateau: A key to palaeoenvironmental reconstruction

We elucidate the ecology of Recent Ostracoda from a deep brackish lake, Tangra Yumco (30°45′—31°22′N and 86°23′—86°49′E, 4595 m a.s.l.) and adjacent waters on the southern Tibetan Plateau. Ostracod associations (living and empty valves) in sixty-six sediment samples collected from diverse aquatic habitats (lakes, estuary-like water and lagoon-like water waters, rivers, ponds and springs) were quantitatively assessed.Eleven Recent Ostracoda were found (nine living and two as empty valves only). Cluster analysis established two significant (p < 0.05) habitat specific associations; (i) Leucocytherella sinensis, Limnocythere inopinata, Leucocythere? dorsotuberosa, Fabaeformiscandona gyirongensis and Candona xizangensis are lacustrine fauna. (ii) Tonnacypris gyirongensis, Candona candida, Ilyocypris sp., Heterocypris incongruens and Heterocypris salina are temporary water species.Ostracod distribution and abundance are significantly (p < 0.05) correlated to physico-chemical variables. The first two axes of a canonical correspondence analysis (CCA) explain 30.9% of the variation in the species abundance data. Conductivity and habitat types are the most influential ecological factors explaining the presence and abundance of ostracods. Spearman correlation analysis reveals that: (i) Two species, L.? dorsotuberosa (r = 0.25) and L. inopinata (r = 0.36) have a significant positive correlation with conductivity while one species, T. gyirongensis (r = −0.68) displays a significant negative correlation with conductivity. Limnocythere inopinata correlates significantly positive (r = 0.37) with alkalinity. Fabaeformiscandona gyirongensis correlates significantly positive (r = 0.28) with water depth.Key indicator living assemblages are: (i) L. sinensis dominates Ca-depleted brackish waters although ubiquitously distributed; (ii) L.? dorsotuberosa dwells in fresh to brackish waters; (iii) L. inopinata predominates in mesohaline to polyhaline waters; (iv) F. gyirongensis inhabits exclusively brackish-lacustrine deeper waters; (v) C. candida populates freshwaters; (vi) T. gyirongensis and Ilyocypris sp. are restricted to shallow temporary waters; (vii) H. incongruens occurs in ponds.Water depth indicators are F. gyirongensis and L.? dorsotuberosa, useful in ostracod assemblages for palaeo-water depth reconstruction.Our results expand the knowledge of the ecological significance of Recent Tibetan Ostracoda ecology. This is a new insight on habitat chacteristics of both living assemblages and sub-Recent associations of ostracods in mountain aquatic ecosystems. The new modern ostracod dataset can be used for the quantitative reconstruction of past environmental variables (e.g., conductivity) and types of water environment. The key indicator ostracods are relevant in palaeolimnological and climate research on the Tibetan Plateau.