城市公园污水生态化处理方法和模式研究

分析城市公园污水特点,从有利于保护生态环境、地下水资源和节约成本的角度,分析了适合我国城市公园污水生态化处理的方法以及处理模式,最后对我国今后城市公园污水处理系统建设提出建议.     

Late Quaternary palaeohydrological changes in the large playa Lake Frome in central Australia, recorded from the Mg/Ca and Sr/Ca in ostracod valves and biotic remains

The last 42,000 years of hydrological history of Lake Frome, a large playa located in the arid part of northern South Australia, which is hypersaline and most often dry today, is reconstructed using a combination of ostracod assemblages, other microfossil remains, and the trace elemental composition of the selected halobiont ostracod species of Diacypris and Reticypris.The Mg/Ca and Sr/Ca of ostracod valves from 2 cores relate to significant hydrological changes that affected the lake over time. The reconstruction of the Sr/Ca of the lake’s waters, based on the Sr/Ca of ostracod shells, shows that when the lake fills the waters originate mostly from runoff, not from hypersaline waters located below the lake or the surrounding aquifers. The Last Glacial Maximum saw gypsum deflation from the lake.Prior to 25K yBP, Frome had a stable hydrological regime, permanent water and low salinities, with occasional freshwater conditions between 42 and 33K yBP. From 25 to 20.3K yBP, salinities fluctuated and ephemeral conditions operated. After that, until ∼14.8K yBP, a brine pool was located below the lake and was therefore under a different hydrological regime. Between 13 and 11.2K yBP, wet conditions occurred, but such conditions were not seen again during the Holocene.     

Palaeoenvironmental interpretation of Late Pleistocene-Holocene morphosedimentary record in the Valsalada saline wetlands (Central Ebro Basin, NE Spain)

This work presents a palaeoenvironmental interpretation of the Upper Pleistocene-Holocene sedimentary sequence recorded in the Valsalada saline wetland system (Monegros, Central Ebro Basin). This morphosedimentary system developed on karstified, gypsiferous bedrock and was mainly fed by local saline groundwater. Based on geomorphological, sedimentological, palynological and radiocarbon data, three depositional units have been differentiated: 1) a lacustrine unit, which accumulated under cold/cool and humid environmental conditions at 41-40 kyr cal BP, 2) a fluvial unit that was deposited under arid climatic conditions with cold episodic periods from 14 to 3.5 kyr cal BP, and 3) an alluvial slope unit associated with arid climate with human influence during the Late Roman Period (1.5 kyr cal BP). The morphosedimentary evolution of the Valsalada system is strongly influenced by the geomorphic setting (small catchment with karstic depressions and low gradient slopes on gypsum), the hydrological availability (runoff and groundwater discharges) related to climate variability during the Late Pleistocene-Holocene, and the human activities developed in the area during historical times. The response of the Valsalada system displays a low sensitivity to short-term climatic changes but responds to major long-term climatic conditions, improving the regional paleoenvironmental picture of the Late Quaternary in NE Spain.     

龙口市污水灌区与清水灌区冬小麦植被指数变化差异分析

为了研究污水灌溉对农田土壤环境和作物生长的影响,利用2008—2009年10期中国环境与灾害监测预报小卫星(HJ-1A)CCD1影像数据,结合龙口市冬小麦物候期的变化特征提取出单一冬小麦种植区,反演了冬小麦生长期内的归一化植被指数(NDVI),并对污水灌区和清水灌区的冬小麦植被指数进行比对分析,最后结合相应的重归一化植被指数(RDVI)和叶面积指数(LAI)进行验证。结果显示,研究区内污水灌溉已经对灌区的作物生长产生了一定的影响,污水灌溉区作物的生长状况明显不及清水灌溉区作物长势。说明污水灌溉会导致冬小麦的长势变差,对污水排放的控制和污水无污化处理势在必行。     

污水处理厂规模与技术相对有效评估研究

首先使用数据包络分析方法建立一个污水处理厂的效率评价模型，然后对天津、上海、海口等7个污水处理的实况进行测评分析。     

The tempo-spatial characteristics and forming mechanism of Lithium-rich brines in China

With the technological development of exploitation and separation, the primary sources of lithium have gradually changed from ore to brine, which has become the main raw material, accounting for more than 80% of the total production. Resources of lithium-bearing brine are abundant in China. This paper has summarized the spatial and temporal distribution, characteristics, and formation mechanism of the lithium-rich brine in China, aiming to provide a comprehensive set of guidelines for future lithium exploitation from brines. Lithium-rich brines usually exist in modern saline lakes and deep underground sedimentary rocks as subsurface brines. The metallogenic epoch of China’s lithium-rich brine spans from the Triassic to the Quaternary, and these brines exhibit obvious regional distribution characteristics. Modern lithium-rich saline lakes are predominately located in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. In comparison, the subsurface lithium-rich brines are mainly distributed in the sedimentary basins of Sichuan, Hubei, Jiangxi provinces and so on in south Block of China, and some are in the western part of the Qaidam Basin in Qinghai province in northwestern China. Lithium-rich saline lakes are belonging to chloride-enriched, sulfate-enriched, and carbonate-enriched, while the deep lithium-rich brines are mainly chloride-enriched in classification. On the whole, the value of Mg/Li in deep brine is generally lower than that of brine in saline lakes. The genesis of lithium-rich brines in China is not uniform, generally there are two processes, which are respectively suitable for salt lakes and deep brine.     

福岛第一核电站事故及核污水排海进入中国海路径及其影响

自2011年3月日本福岛第一核电站事故发生以来,其对中国海的影响一直备受国内高度关注。基于近10年的研究成果,本文综述了福岛第一核电站事故释放的放射性核素进入中国海的海洋传输路径主要为表层环流和模态水(亚热带模态水和中央模态水),经表层环流和模态水到达中国海的时间尺度分别在10—15年和2—3年之间。对比分析福岛第一核电站事故前后可知:南海¹³⁷Cs活度持平,黄海¹³⁷Cs活度稍有降低,但东海¹³⁷Cs活度有所升高。鉴于目前有限的监测站位和短期的观测时间,福岛第一核电站事故对中国海的影响程度大小还有待于长期监测和进一步的评估。同时针对日本政府宣布福岛第一核电站核污水排海计划,分析了其潜在的风险和指出了未来的研究方向。     

污泥/煤流化床混烧底灰中的重金属毒性研究

研究了污泥与煤按不同质量比例混烧后,底灰中的重金属形态分布与浸出毒性.结果表明:30:70的泥煤比使底灰中重金属硫化物及有机态和残渣态所占比例最大,即生物无效部分比例最大;在浸出毒性实验中,30:70的泥煤比使底灰重金属浸出量最小.由此推出,对环境毒害程度最小的泥煤质量比为30:70,即该实验条件下最优泥煤质量比为30:70.     

粉煤灰污泥添加剂对地下水质影响的模拟研究

通过测定土柱和淋洗液中重金属的含量,研究石灰岩质土壤应用粉煤灰污泥添加剂改良后重金属在土壤剖面上的分布移动特征及对地下水质的影响.结果表明:仅试验层内除As和Ni外,Zn、Cd、Pb、Cu、Cr、Hg含量明显增加,未出现明显向下移动的趋势;同时重金属淋出量明显增加,但未超过地下水Ⅲ级标准.初步认为与添加剂自身、重金属的特性及石灰岩质土壤滤层的截固作用相关.粉煤灰污泥经过合理的配施和预处理应用于石灰岩质矿区退化土壤的改良,短期内不会对地下水的质量产生明显的影响.