大地主题解算方法综述

大地主题解算是大地测量中的重要问题,由于椭球的复杂性,随之产生的解算方法也是多种多样。本文分析了大地主题解算的一般方法及其公式的适用范围,指出了它们的特点和不足,讨论了现今常用解算方法存在的问题和进一步的研究方向。     

基于GIS-T的旅游景点自动标识系统研究

以广州市旅游景点自动标识系统为例,系统地阐述了基于GIS-T的旅游景点自动标识应用系统的总体设计、关键技术和主要构建步骤。该系统在具备旅游景点信息查询和管理的功能基础上,实现了由计算机自动生成旅游景点指路标志的功能。面向旅游标识规划、管理部门,可实现对旅游交通标志规划和管理的科学化、自动化,并能为交通、旅游等相关部门或行业设立标识提供依据与支持。     

移动式三维激光扫描技术在隧道扫描中的应用研究

移动式三维激光扫描技术通过发射激光并以螺旋线形式对隧道进行全断面高密度扫描,初步获取隧道表面特征信息,再通过内业分析发射和接收激光信号的强度,可以获得隧道衬砌内表面的影像信息.使用这些数据信息,可以对隧道状态、病害、限界、变形、收敛情况等进行分析和评价.本文采用移动式三维激光扫描技术选取杭州地铁5号线一个车站和区间进行...     

Assuring fish safety and quality in international fish trade

International trade in fishery commodities reached US 58.2 billion dollars in 2002, a 5% improvement relative to 2000 and a 45% increase over 1992 levels. Within this global trade, developing countries registered a net trade surplus of US 17.4 billion dollars in 2002 and accounted for almost 50% by value and 55% of fish exports by volume. This globalization of fish trade, coupled with technological developments in food production, handling, processing and distribution, and the increasing awareness and demand of consumers for safe and high quality food have put food safety and quality assurance high in public awareness and a priority for many governments. Consequently, many countries have tightened food safety controls, imposing additional costs and requirements on imports. As early as 1980, there was an international drive towards adopting preventative HACCP-based safety and quality systems. More recently, there has been a growing awareness of the importance of an integrated, multidisciplinary approach to food safety and quality throughout the entire food chain. Implementation of this approach requires an enabling policy and regulatory environment at national and international levels with clearly defined rules and standards, establishment of appropriate food control systems and programmes at national and local levels, and provision of appropriate training and capacity building. This paper discusses the international framework for fish safety and quality, with particular emphasis on the United Nation's Food and Agricultural Organization's (FAO) strategy to promote international harmonization and capacity building.     

核电厂设计地震动评定中的构造法和概率法结果比较

剖析和比较了地震危险性分析方法(综合概率法)和地震构造法的结果,认为,不能简单将构造法的结果作为概率法的上限,也不能确定在10-4的概率水平上,概率法结果就比构造法结果大,因此评定核电厂极限安全地震应同时使用构造法、概率法和其它方法,并取各种结果的最大值     

东秦岭金、银、多金属成矿带成矿规律及找矿标志

东秦岭金、银、多金属成矿带，所处的东秦岭造山带经历了6个演化阶段，形成了一套NWW向的叠瓦式构造，成矿带位于莫氏面、居里面由浅变深的斜坡梯度带上，地球化学异常具有北西成带、北东成行、环绕岩体、相同元素组合的异常与地层分布一致等特点。宽坪群和二郎坪群为主要的含矿层位，燕山晚期花岗岩和华力西期复式花岗岩为主要成矿岩体。将东秦岭各类金属矿床分为6个成因类型，划分了6个Ⅲ级成矿带和12个Ⅳ级成矿亚带。文章还对东秦岭地区成矿规律和找矿标志进行了阐述与归纳。     

四川甘孜—理塘断裂带中段阿加隆洼金矿床地球化学找矿模式

四川甘孜—理塘断裂带是川西高原重要成矿区(带)之一。区域水系沉积物测量和早期异常查证结果,在阿加隆洼、雄龙西、马拢等3处高浓度金异常部位发现了有较大找矿前景的岩金矿产地。为进一步挖掘区域化探资料所蕴含的找矿信息,后期研究工作以水系沉积物金异常为单元,结合区域找矿新进展和新认识,对异常进行了再评价;以采样方格为单元,进行了地球化学统计成矿信息预测和靶区筛选;以阿加隆洼金矿床(含外围)为重点研究对象,初步建立了水系沉积物—土壤—岩石地球化学找矿模式,进行了找矿预测。经对矿区进行少量钻探工程验证后,获得了明显的找矿效果,对外围部分靶区查证后,在原有分散流弱异常地段,也相继发现了宰乌隆洼、阿达隆2处有较大找矿前景的岩金矿产地,拓展了找矿空间。     

用改进的十进制遗传算法确定土质边坡最危险滑面

基于瑞典圆弧法和简化Bishop条分法分析土质边坡的稳定性,以圆弧滑裂面与边坡面的左右交点的两个横坐标和以滑裂面圆心的纵坐标作为优化变量,采用了一种改进的十进制遗传算法对优化变量进行优化。这种改进的遗传算法是以简单的十进制遗传算法为基础,结合优体克隆操作、子体优生操作和多代调环操作。通过计算ACADS考核题验证,该方法有较强的自适应能力,具有收敛速度快、解的精度高和避免出现早熟等优点。     

龙门山地质公园

龙门山突出的特色是内陆推覆造山。本文就其间最具代表性的龙门山中段建立地质公园进行了论述。将公园内半富的旅游景观资源分为三大类23亚类。按景观、景点、景区和旅游区四个级别进行分区;以导向性景观、重要性景观和配套性景观进行综合评价。笔者认为龙门山中段具有建立以导向性景观为主体,以重要性景观为重要内容,开展多功能、多层次为目的的地质公园的价值。     

Seismic reliability analysis of earth slopes under short term stability conditions

Different models were developed for evaluating the probabilistic three-dimensional (3-D) stability analysis of earth slopes and embankments under earthquake loading. The 3-D slope stability model assumed is that of a simple cylindrical failure surface. The probabilistic models evaluate the probability of failure under seismic loading considering the randomness of earthquake occurrence, and earthquake induced acceleration and uncertainties stemming from the discrepancies between laboratory-measured and in-situ values of shear strength parameters. The models also takes into consideration the spatial variabilities and correlations of soil properties. The probabilistic analysis and design approach is capable of obtaining the 2-D and 3-D static and dynamic safety factors, the probability of slope failure, the earthquake induced acceleration coefficient, the yield acceleration coefficient, the earthquake induced displacement, and the probability of allowable displacement exceedance taking into account the local site effect. The approach is applied to a well known landslide case: Congress Street Landslide in Chicago. A sensitivity analysis was conducted on the different parameters involved in the models by applying those models to the Congress Street landslide considering different levels of seismic hazard. Also, a sensitivity analysis was carried out to study the sensitivity of computed results to input parameters of undrained shear strength, and corrective factors. A comparison was made between the different models of failure. The parametric study revealed that the hypocentral distance and earthquake magnitude have major influence on the earthquake induced displacement, probability of failure and dynamic 2-D and 3-D safety factors.