基于多方法融合的低产低效气井优选

随着致密气田的深入开发,低产低效井逐年增加,已经成为制约气田开发的关键问题之一。以苏里格气田某区块30口气井为研究对象,引入产量贡献率作为动态分类指标,运用气井产量贡献率累计分布曲线的类分割点将气井划分为4类。以纵向合采砂体数、有效砂体厚度、孔隙度、渗透率和含气饱和度等参数作为静态评价指标,采用熵权-理想点法,对气井进行静态分类。基于动态和静态分类结果,引入自相关距离判断异常值点,进行低产低效气井优选。研究表明,Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ类气井的储层质量依次变差,累计产量依次减小;4口气井为低产低效井,优选结果符合生产实际。该研究成果可为气田进一步挖潜的选井、选层提供一种新的技术途径。     

Understanding the spatial representativeness of air quality monitoring network and its application to PM2.5 in the mainland China

Air pollution has seriously endangered human health and the natural ecosystem during the last decades. Air quality monitoring stations (AQMS) have played a critical role in providing valuable data sets for recording regional air pollutants. The spatial representativeness of AQMS is a critical parameter when choosing the location of stations and assessing effects on the population to long-term exposure to air pollution. In this paper, we proposed a methodological framework for assessing the spatial representativeness of the regional air quality monitoring network and applied it to ground-based PM_2.5 observation in the mainland of China. Weighted multidimensional Euclidean distance between each pixel and the stations was used to determine the representativeness of the existing monitoring network. In addition, the K-means clustering method was adopted to improve the spatial representativeness of the existing AQMS. The results showed that there were obvious differences among the representative area of 1820 stations in the mainland of China. The monitoring stations could well represent the PM_2.5 spatial distribution of the entire region, and the effectively represented area (i.e. the area where the Euclidean distance between the pixels and the stations was lower than the average value) accounted for 67.32% of the total area and covered 93.12% of the population. Forty additional stations were identified in the Northwest, North China, and Northeast regions, which could improve the spatial representativeness by 14.31%.     

一种高光谱图像的半监督分类方法

基于密度的抽样和动态时间扭曲距离,提出了一种半监督高光谱模糊聚类方法。该方法首先应用基于密度的方法对样本进行抽样,然后采用动态时间扭曲距离计算样本之间的相似度,最后利用半监督模糊C均值算法进行聚类。为了验证所提出方法的有效性,在广泛使用的Indian Pines数据集和PaviaU数据集上进行试验。结果表明,本文提出的方法能够取得理想的分类结果。     

一种区域实时对流层内插模型及其在PPP中的应用

利用反距离加权内插法,对基准站解算的天顶对流层延迟（ZTD）建立了区域实时ZTD模型,评估了该模型内插流动站对流层延迟对PPP定位精度和收敛时间的影响。试验表明：与传统ZTD采用参数估计的处理方法对比,二者解算得到的PPP精度在水平方向上效果相当,但在垂直方向上,模型内插对流层解算的定位精度提高约为5 cm,且能显著提高PPP收敛速度。说明应用本方法建立非气象参数的区域天顶对流层延迟模型能有效加快PPP的收敛速度,且提高定位精度。     

GIS analysis of the trafficability determined by slope in the eastern Tyrol front (WWI,Eastern Alps): a military history reading

In the autumn of 1914, Austria-Hungary began to prepare for the possibility of an Italian offensive by building field fortifications, which formed the Tyrol Defense Line (TDL). Mountainous areas, such as the area of the TDL, present obstacles to trafficability in large part caused by terrain slope. On the eastern Tyrol front, steep slope obstructed trafficability when the Italians attacked the TDL and represented, in turn, an advantage for the Austro-Hungarian defense. This paper focuses on the assessment of the conditions of trafficability determined by slope in the eastern Tyrol front, using a GIS cost distance analysis. Key sources were the maps of Austrian and Italian official histories, parameters derived mainly from Marinelli’s slope classification, and from the interpretation of the particular historical circumstances. The advantages and disadvantages were considered from the perspective of the defensive and offensive and their significance for the history of this conflict. In particular, these were related to the perimeter to be defended by alternative Austro-Hungarian lines.     

基于GA-SIFT算法的无人机航拍图像实时拼接

为实现无人机航拍图像的实时拼接,本文深入研究了无人机航拍图像拼接中的关键技术,提出了一种基于遗传算法优化的图像拼接算法。首先利用SIFT算法提取图像的特征点,在特征点粗匹配过程中,采用欧氏距离作为相似度测量,利用遗传算法的并行性优化特征点匹配性能;然后使用RANSAC算法去除误匹配点对并获得转换矩阵,从而完成图像拼接。试验结果表明,采用遗传算法进行特征匹配,可大大降低匹配时间,匹配时间与特征点数量成正比;同时提高了匹配精度,进而提高了图像拼接的实时性和稳健性。     

UWB室内距离交会定位算法的研究与性能分析

在众多室内定位技术中,超宽带(ultra-wideband,UWB)技术以其极大的带宽、高时间分辨率、高速数据传输等特点而备受关注,目前,UWB超宽带定位技术已广泛应用于展厅、仓库、超市、图书馆、矿井等环境中。针对基于超宽带室内距离交会定位原理的最小二乘算法及几何算法两种算法的性能进行了实验与评估,不仅比较了平面定位精度,而且对比了两种算法的执行时间。实验结果显示,在平面定位中,最小二乘算法具有更好的内、外符合精度,可以更为准确的估计移动目标的位置信息;但几何算法在执行时间和计算效率方面有着显著的优势。     

顾及地理因素的犯罪地理目标模型改进方法

针对犯罪地理目标模型(CGT模型)在嫌疑人落脚点预测中没有考虑落脚点选择的地理相关性和部分落脚点不在预测范围内两方面的不足,该文提出了顾及地理环境因素的犯罪地理目标改进模型(GEO-CGT模型):基于圆圈假设将模型计算区域扩展,解决部分落脚点不在预测范围问题;利用空间相关性分析,确定影响嫌疑人落脚点选择的地理因素,建立GEO-CGT模型;利用已有案件数据对模型进行对比验证和精度评估。结果表明,地理环境因素对嫌疑人落脚点选择具有较大的影响,改进后的GEO-CGT模型能有效减少搜寻排查嫌疑人的距离与面积,提高预测精度。研究成果可为同类研究提供参考。     

超像素极化合成孔径雷达影像谱聚类算法研究

针对基于像素的谱聚类计算量大、效率低,且受到影像斑点噪声影响严重的问题,该文结合极化合成孔径雷达影像的统计特性,提出了一种基于超像素的极化合成孔径雷达影像谱聚类算法。该方法首先用基于梯度分割影像的分水岭算法得到影像的初始分割;然后按区域邻接关系合并含像素个数较少的极小区域得到超像素图像;最后以超像素为基本数据单元,采用修正Wishart距离作为超像素之间的距离度量标准,通过Nystrm逼近的采样方法获得最终的分类结果。最后利用模拟数据和1991年获取的荷兰Flevoland地区L波段稻田数据验证了该算法的有效性,总体分类精度达到了98.17%。     

利用高频GPS反演强震面波震级的最优适用范围探讨

通过解算2010-04-04El Mayor-Cucapah Mw7.2地震的高频(1Hz)GPS数据,获取测站的动态位移,并根据Gutenberg经验震级公式反演面波震级,探索高频GPS反演震级的最优适用范围。结果表明,当高频GPS测站震中距分布于50~350km时,利用其水平位移峰值反演得到的面波震级为7.21,与美国USGS公布的震级Mw7.2一致;但当震中距350km时,高频GPS相对于强震仪位移峰值存在"上漂现象",反演得到的震级为7.6~8.0。建议利用高频GPS建立经验模型反演强震面波震级时,应考虑其适用范围。