改进的K-means算法在校车站点布局中的应用

校车站点布局问题是一种典型的设施选址问题.大多数设施选址问题均属于区域选址,将设施选址限定在一定空间范围内,其方法并不适用于需要将位置固定在道路上的校车站点布局问题.因此,为保证生成的站点分布在路网上,且学生到站点的步行距离较短,提出了一种改进的K-means聚类算法,以一定范围内密度最大的点为初始类中心,在逐次迭代中...     

Flash动画技术在电子地图中的实际应用

利用网络媒体技术Flash制作电子地图,Flash格式的电子地图不仅体积小,而且适应网络流体传输,比其他媒体更容易在网络上传播。在区域范围和数据量都不大的情况下利用Flash媒体技术开发电子地图的突出优点是:技术相对简单、操作容易、使用方式灵活。网络的发展使电子地图比以往任何时代都更贴近我们的生活,它已经不再是只有专业人员才能制作和操作的复杂系统,本文通过详细介绍Flash电子地图的制作过程和各种利用Flash技术实现专业电子地图的部分简单功能,使更多的电子地图爱好者参加到电子地图的制作和开发中。     

超定测距定位方程参数估计的松弛重心迭代法

针对重心迭代法收敛速度缓慢的不足,基于残差最小步长准则,提出了一种松弛重心迭代法.该方法依据残差最小性质,导出了松弛因子的确定公式,从而自适应调整迭代步长来提高重心迭代法的收敛效率.松弛重心迭代法实质为最速下降法,具有迭代格式简单、无需矩阵求逆和计算海森矩阵的优点.最后采用全球卫星导航系统(GNSS)定位数据和水下定位...     

The definition of the parsec

A new definition is proposed for the parsec, because the distance definition of the IAU is not physically consistent.     

S波影区地震精确定位的研究

长期的地震观测发现,北京地震台记录到的S波影区地震存在定位误差大的现象.由于来自震中距9°～36°的地震经过了低速层,造成了S波不发育.所以S波影区地震多用LG波来确定震中距.造成影区地震定位偏差大的现象有两个原因:①长期以来多是用短周期记录来区分LG1和LG2,定位偏差较大;②有的影区地震,S波也少许发育,但用S波来定位也存在定位偏差大的现象.为此搜集了北京地震台记录到的影区地震,通过NCDSN仿真成SK记录,通过理论震中距的比较,找到了准确定位影区地震的LG2识别位置.     

Probabilistic outlier detection for sparse multivariate geotechnical site investigation data using Bayesian learning

Various uncertainties arising during acquisition process of geoscience data may result in anomalous data instances(i.e.,outliers)that do not conform with the expected pattern of regular data instances.With sparse multivariate data obtained from geotechnical site investigation,it is impossible to identify outliers with certainty due to the distortion of statistics of geotechnical parameters caused by outliers and their associated statistical uncertainty resulted from data sparsity.This paper develops a probabilistic outlier detection method for sparse multivariate data obtained from geotechnical site investigation.The proposed approach quantifies the outlying probability of each data instance based on Mahalanobis distance and determines outliers as those data instances with outlying probabilities greater than 0.5.It tackles the distortion issue of statistics estimated from the dataset with outliers by a re-sampling technique and accounts,rationally,for the statistical uncertainty by Bayesian machine learning.Moreover,the proposed approach also suggests an exclusive method to determine outlying components of each outlier.The proposed approach is illustrated and verified using simulated and real-life dataset.It showed that the proposed approach properly identifies outliers among sparse multivariate data and their corresponding outlying components in a probabilistic manner.It can significantly reduce the masking effect(i.e.,missing some actual outliers due to the distortion of statistics by the outliers and statistical uncertainty).It also found that outliers among sparse multivariate data instances affect significantly the construction of multivariate distribution of geotechnical parameters for uncertainty quantification.This emphasizes the necessity of data cleaning process(e.g.,outlier detection)for uncertainty quantification based on geoscience data.     

EFFECT OF COARSENING OF SURFACE BED MATERIAL ON NON-EQUILIBRIUM SEDIMENT TRANSPORT PROCESS DURING RIVER DEGRADATION

1INTRODUCTIONNon-equilibriumsedimenttransportina"at'Uralstreamwithnon-uniformbedmaterialisasubjectofilltensiveresearch.ThesedimentconcentrationmaybenotequaltothetransportcapacityofflowinanalluvialrivedItgraduallyapproachesequilibriumbydegradationoraggradationinalongdistance.usuallyover100kilometers.Thisproblemisofgreatimportancetothepredictionofthedistributionoferosionordepositionalongachannel,especiallyforlargeriversinChina.Scientistsstudiednonequilibriumsedimenttransportandthemainresul…     

大井间距井间地震观测试验

介绍了井间地震数据采集方面取得的最新进展．为了使我国井间地震技术实用化,开展了大井间距井间地震数据采集试验．通过地面浅井激发深井接收、深井激发深井接收、不同炸药量、不同传播距离试验,确定了井间地震观测参数．应用改进后的井中安全炸药震源、一个三分量井中检波器和常规数据记录系统,在陕北顺宁油田的顺3井、顺4井和顺5井3口生产井中成功采集到两对大井间距、深井、油井中的井间地震资料,两对井的井距分别为307．92m和470．36m,采集井段为904．31-1272．32m．共设计了4种观测方式,采集到800多炮井间地震记录,对油井无损害．改进型井中安全炸药震源在使用效率和寿命方面有显著提高,可用于商业性并间地震数据采集．