基于语义Web的地理服务发现框架

在传统Web服务发现架构中,仅凭接口参数的结构化相似度计算匹配方法远远不能满足复杂地理服务的发现需求。本文结合语义Web知识,设计了地理服务发现框架,框架支持地理服务语义化描述、带有语义信息的服务注册、基于语义推理的服务发现。其中,服务匹配算法是服务发现的关键,本文基于传统的四级匹配算法,提出采用分级匹配思想,并在I/O匹配中利用本体分类树,将本体相似度求解转换为分类树中节点距离求解的方法的地理服务发现匹配算法。实例证明,改进的算法不但能区分匹配等级,而且能区分同一匹配等级之间的相似度大小,能较好地满足地理服务的发现的需求。     

近断层强震地面运动幅值与持时特性研究

近年来的强震地震观测资料研究显示,近断层地面运动具有区别于远场地震动的显著特征。在收集世界范围内近断层观测记录的基础上,按场地和震级进行分类,采用统计分析的方法研究了近断层地震动的峰值、反应谱谱值和持时特征。研究结果表明,由于方向性效应的影响,两个水平分量的峰值存在显著差异,反应谱的谱值更显著,震级对地震动持时的影响比断层距的影响要大得多,在此基础上,建立了近断层地震动水平向和竖向分量持时的回归关系式,并与其他研究者进行对比,说明了其合理性,为进一步研究提供参考。     

基于CPT资料的土性参数随机场特性研究

通过CPT资料研究土性参数随机场特性是一种比较理想的方法。土性参数随机场的平稳性是后续研究的先决条件之一,可以通过Bartlett统计量进行检验,但采用不同的模型拒绝域相差比较大,这样给实际应用造成困难,新模型LGS由于适应范围广可以解决这一问题。从随机场的基本理论出发,介绍了新相关模型LGS的数值模拟方法。基于LGS相关模型,采用修正的Bartlett统计量对随机场平稳性进行检验,统一了拒绝标准。用两组数据进行了实例分析,通过编制的程序进行计算,结果表明,这种相关模型对不同形式的相关函数有较好的适应性,可以解决拒绝域不统一的问题。     

基于震例的前兆统计特征分析

依据《中国震例》（1966——1999收录的185次震例的2500多条地震活动及前兆异常资料,研究了各学科平均异常数量、空间分布范围、异常时间等统计特征及其与主震震级的关系．结果显示,地震学、形变、流体异常数量相对较多,且平均异常数量随震级增大有加速增长的趋势,前兆平均异常数量随震级的增加尤其明显．从地震学各方法来看,频次、空区、b值、条带等方法提供的异常数占总异常数量的1/2．前兆异常分布范围数倍于地震破裂尺度,形变、流体异常平均震中距随主震震级大体上呈线性增加．各类异常出现时间与未来主震震级定性正相关,即地震越大,出现的时间越早．研究结果还显示,当目标震级不高时（例如5——6级地震）,现有预测方法及手段可能不足以提供年时间尺度的地震预测依据．同时,流体和电磁等前兆学科在3年地震大形势预测研究,甚至是在年度预测研究中所能够发挥的作用,可能也不如人们所期望的那么大．本文较多震例的平均统计结果显示,随主震的临近,前兆异常空间分布向震中附近集中、收缩,同时异常数量明显增加．这一现象始于年尺度的中短期阶段而非更短时间的临震,同时本文亦未能够检测到前兆异常空间分布向外围明显的扩散过程．最后对《中国震例》前兆异常选取范围的合理性及对本文统计结果的可能影响进行了初步讨论.      

sPn震相的多台同时测定法

利用数字台网观测技术的优势,根据sPn与Pn震相到时差与震中距无关,以及振幅和周期都比Pn大的运动学和动力学特征,提出将震中距不同的台站的Pn震相对齐后同时测定多台的sPn震相,进而计算出该地震的震源深度。这种分析和测定方法简捷准确,可在台网的日常近震分析中推广应用。     

DINI12电子水准仪在台站短水准测量中的应用

主要介绍了DINI12电子水准仪的特性、原理、检测方法及代替原有光学水准仪在台站短水准测量中的应用,并结合电子水准仪的实际观测数据,对该仪器的使用方法和测量精度进行了探讨。     

Analyzing the Waveform of the Shunchang Earthquakes in Fujian Province

On March 13, 2007, two earthquakes with M4.7 and M4.6 occurred in Zhengfang Village, Shunchang, Fujian. The M4.7 earthquake is the most intensive one in the Fujian region since the establishment of the Fujian digital seismic networks. These two earthquakes provide us with valuable first-hand observation data for seismological research. This paper analyzes their waveforms and concludes that （ 1 ） the crustal thickness in the seismic region is estimated to be about 40km according to the observed head-wave critical distance; （2） there is a salient difference between the ratios of S-wave＇s maximum amplitudes of these two earthquakes; （3） the focal depth of the M4.7 earthquake is estimated to be 8.4km according to the clear depth phrase sPn in waveforms, which is the same with the result of other determination methods.     

Estimating the size and travel distance of Klapperhorn Mountain debris flows for risk analysis along railway, Canada

Debris flows occurring on Klapperhorn Mountain in the Yellowhead Pass in the Canadian Rocky Mountains pose a significant hazard to railway operations at the base of the mountain. The size （volume） and travel distance of these debris flows play an important role in assessing the risk to the railway. GIS analysis, airphoto interpretation together with field work were undertaken on two debris flows located at track mileage 54.0 and 54.3. Characteristics of these two debris flow events were analyzed, including debris flow path morphology and event behavior. Their sizes and travel distances were estimated using an empirical-statistical model （UBCDFLOW） under different initiation conditions. Their potential impact on the railway bridge was evaluated using a bridge blockage ratio.     

Geometric effects resulting from the asymmetry of dipping fault: Hanging wall/ footwall effects

Root-mean-square distance Drms with characteristic of weighted-average is introduced in this article firstly. Drms can be used to capture the general proximity of a site to a dipping fault plane comparing with the rupture distance Drup and the seismogenic distance Dseis. Then, using Drup, Dseis and Drms, the hanging wall/footwall effects on the peak ground acceleration (PGA) during the 1999 Chi-Chi earthquake are evaluated by regression analysis. The logarithm residual shows that the PGA on hanging wall is much greater than that on footwall at the same Drup or Dseis when the Drup or Dseis is used as site-to-source distance measure. In contrast, there is no significant difference between the PGA on hanging wall and that on footwall at the same Drms when Drms is used. This result confirms that the hanging wall/footwall effect is mainly a geometric effect caused by the asymmetry of dipping fault. Therefore, the hanging wall/footwall effect on the near-fault ground motions can be ignored in the future attenuation analysis if the root-mean-square distance Drms is used as the site-to-source distance measure.     

局域地应力场获取的插值平衡方法

针对由整体地应场插值计算局域地应力场的问题计算量大、受地质结构的影响大、不过分追求高精度等特点,改进了反距离加权插值法,考虑了单元体积的影响,提高了该方法在此问题中的适用性。基于此,提出了平面问题、三维地面和地下工程局域地应力场的求取策略,建议了边界全平动约束和法向约束两种边界条件,并验证了其合理性和适用场合。最后,在大型水电工程深切河谷坝肩边坡分析中进行了应用分析。结果表明：该插值方法简单实用,能够满足工程分析的精度要求;局域地应力场的求取策略计算效率高,计算精度能够满足工程分析的要求。