基于同源数据的序列比例尺地图综合缩编平台建设

如何维护更新数据是"数字城市"建设中面临的重要问题,而构建基于同源基本大比例尺数据连续化生产序列小比例尺数据,对多尺度城市空间数据进行纵向一体化管理的软件平台成为数据更新维护的关键。研究以基于同源数据的序列比例尺地图综合缩编平台建设为对象,主要从地图综合知识库形式化表达、地图综合流程决策控制机制、构建开放式地图综合软件系统构架体系、高效地图综合算子设计等方面进行重点阐述。此研究建设的软件平台已在广州市大型多尺度空间数据库快速构建中得到成功应用。     

基于SURF改进算法的红外序列影像快速配准的方法研究

提出一种基于SURF算子和特征偏移一致性准则的无人飞行器红外序列影像配准的方法。该方法采用SURF算子对特征点进行提取和匹配。SURF算子仅考虑点的局部信息,没有考虑特征点集的几何信息。本文采用特征偏移一致性准则来剔除误匹配点对,提高特征点对的匹配精度,所得到的特征点集采用LM非线性优化进行单应矩阵求解配准,与其他算法相比,本方法适合于红外序列影像快速拼接,有较好的实用效果和鲁棒性。     

Trade Competition and Route Development in Georgia and the Carolinas, 1740-1900

Abstract

The “ideal-typical” sequence model of transportation development has been widely referenced, but its application outside of its original African context has not been well tested. A graphical analysis is employed to evaluate the utility of the concept in explanation of the evolution of the transportation network in the Piedmont and Coastal Plain sections of Georgia and the Carolinas from the mid-eighteenth century to the late nineteenth century. The historical geography of transport expansion in this area appears to support the general parameters of the ideal-typical sequence and provides useful material for instruction related to the national standards for geographic education.     

乌苏市降水资料序列长度与水资源丰枯分析

对乌苏市降水量长短序列资料的统计分析发现,不同年限长度的降水量资料序列,在水资源量的计算和设计洪水频率计算中,会产生不同的计算结果,资料序列长度的代表性起到了一定的作用,就变化趋势及影响进行了讨论,并提出了在应用中予以订正,以确保水资源评价的可靠性。     

松辽盆地北部深层层序地层格架建立与模式研究——以古龙-常家围子断陷沙河子组为例

松辽盆地北部徐家围子等地区深层勘探相继取得了一系列重大突破,但由于古龙—常家围子断陷深层地质认识程度较低,该区还处于深层勘探初期阶段。古龙—常家围子断陷区沙河子组充填了一套扇三角洲和湖泊沉积,是该区重要的储层和生油层。综合利用测井、钻井、地震等资料,将层序地层学原理应用于陆相断陷湖盆沉积,识别出沙河子组三级层序顶底界面,将其划分为2个三级层序,并在层序内部识别出高水位体系域、水进体系域、低水位体系域,建立了该区高精度的等时层序地层格架。根据沙河子组地质结构和地层发育的构造背景,建立了沙河子组层序地层模式:双向多断阶层序模式、双箕状不对称层序模式。     

松辽盆地青山口组震积岩的特征、成因及其构造-火山事件

中国大陆科学钻探松科1井南孔青山口组二、三段岩心中发育有4段深水震积岩,赋存在青二段底部到青三段底部的深湖砂岩薄夹层中。标志性震积构造有阶梯状断层、震裂缝、角砾状构造、重荷构造、砂球-砂枕构造(假结核)、液化扭曲变形构造、肠状构造、液化砂岩脉、假泥裂,均属同生-准同生期的软沉积变形构造,缺少震浊积岩表明是原地震积岩。青山口组震积岩展示了震积岩的一个发育模式和沉积序列,该序列由地震作用强烈时期发育的液化变形下部单元和地震作用衰减时期发育的塑性变形上部单元构成。松科1井南孔青山口组中火山物质与火山灰夹层共生。在金6井、金65井相当层位有橄榄粗安岩、火山角砾岩发育,乾124井、乾109井有玄武岩发育,这些井均位于孙吴-双辽超壳断裂一线,表明在青山口期有构造-火山事件的发生,震积岩是构造-火山事件引发的地震在深水环境中的记录。松辽盆地青山口期有构造-火山事件的发生,显示坳陷阶段也存在相当规模的断裂活动和火山喷发。     

罗布泊盐湖化学沉积序列及其控制因素

罗布泊位于塔里木盆地的东部,是世界最大的第四纪干盐湖之一。罗布泊盐湖化学沉积序列总体简单,即为石膏—钙芒硝（巨厚）—石盐（很薄）,但细节变化则很复杂,在钙芒硝阶段和石盐阶段出现了很多含钾盐矿物的薄层,按时代从老到新,可划分出9个区段。罗布泊化学沉积序列除了与江汉盆地第三纪古盐湖有一定的相似性之外,与其他陆相、非海相和海相蒸发沉积序列有明显的差异,这可能与该地区的气候变化、物源背景及构造环境等有关。这种特殊的化学沉积序列应该是全球气候变化与大地构造运动在盐湖沉积中的响应,气候持续干化与补给变化的耦合,是造成罗布泊盐湖特殊的化学沉积序列的机制。     

四川盆地包界地区须家河组层序界面特征

层序地层学研究最关键的是对层序界面的识别。以四川盆地包界地区须家河组为例,综合应用野外露头、钻井岩芯、测井曲线、地震剖面等资料,识别出4种类型的层序界面,它们分别是:冲刷面、岩性岩相转换面、古风化壳、沉积结构转换面。并阐述了研究区层序界面在钻井岩芯、野外露头、测井曲线、地震剖面上的特征、识别标志和表现形式。这一研究成果对于正确划分研究区须家河组层序具有重要意义。     

Stratigraphic,sedimentological and palaeoenvironmental constraints on the rise of the Urgonian platform in the western Swiss Jura

Urgonian‐type carbonates are a characteristic feature of many late Early Cretaceous shallow‐marine, tropical and subtropical environments. The presence of typical photozoan carbonate‐producing communities including corals and rudists indicates the prevalence of warm, transparent and presumably oligotrophic conditions in a period otherwise characterized by the high density of globally occurring anoxic episodes. Of particular interest, therefore, is the exploration of relationships between Urgonian platform growth and palaeoceanographic change. In the French and Swiss Jura Mountains, the onset and evolution of the Urgonian platform have been controversially dated, and a correlation with other, better dated, successions is correspondingly difficult. It is for this reason that the stratigraphy and sedimentology of a series of recently exposed sections (Eclépens, Vaumarcus and Neuchâtel) and, in addition, the section of the Gorges de l’Areuse were analysed. Calcareous nannofossil biostratigraphy, the evolution of phosphorus contents of bulk rock, a sequence‐stratigraphic interpretation and a correlation of drowning unconformities with better dated sections in the Helvetic Alps were used to constrain the age of the Urgonian platform. The sum of the data and field observations suggests the following evolution: during the Hauterivian, important outward and upward growth of a bioclastic and oolitic carbonate platform is documented in two sequences, separated by a phase of platform drowning during the late Early Hauterivian. Following these two phases of platform growth, a second drowning phase occurred during the latest Hauterivian and Early Barremian, which was accompanied by significant platform erosion and sediment reworking. The Late Barremian witnessed the renewed installation of a carbonate platform, which initiated with a phase of oolite production, and which progressively evolved into a typical Urgonian carbonate platform colonized by corals and rudists. This phase terminated at the latest in the middle Early Aptian, due to a further drowning event. The evolution of this particular platform segment is compatible with that of more distal and well‐dated segments of the same northern Tethyan platform preserved in the Helvetic zone of the Alps and in the northern subalpine chains (Chartreuse and Vercors).     

The incised valley of Baffin Bay,Texas: a tale of two climates

Baffin Bay, Texas is the flooded Last Glacial Maximum incised valley of the Los Olmos, San Fernando and Petronila Creeks along the north‐western Gulf of Mexico. Cores up to 17 m in length and high‐resolution seismic profiles were used to study the history of Baffin Bay over the last 10 kyr and to document the unusual depositional environments within the valley fill. The deposits of the Baffin Bay incised valley record two major and two minor events. Around 8·0 ka, the estuarine environments backstepped more than 15 km in response to an increase in the rate of sea‐level rise. Around 5·5 ka, these estuarine environments changed from environments similar to other estuaries of the northern Gulf of Mexico to the unusual suite of environments found today. Another minor flooding event occurred around 4·8 ka in which several internal spits were flooded. Some time after 4·0 ka, the upper‐bay mud‐flats experienced a progradational event. Because of its semi‐arid climate and isolation from the Gulf of Mexico, five depositional environments not found in the other incised‐valley fills of the northern Gulf of Mexico are found today within Baffin Bay. These deposits include well‐laminated carbonate and siliciclastic open‐bay muds, ooid beaches, shelly internal spits and barrier islands, serpulid worm‐tube reefs and prograding upper‐bay mud‐flats. Based on these unusual deposits, and other characteristics of Baffin Bay, five criteria are suggested to help identify incised valleys that filled in arid and semi‐arid climates. These criteria include the presence of: (i) hypersaline‐tolerant fauna; (ii) aeolian deposits; and (iii) carbonate and/or evaporite deposits; and the absence of: (iv) peat or other organic‐rich deposits in the upper bay and bay‐margin areas; and (v) well‐developed fluvially dominated bayhead deltas.