不同观测技术的Jason-2卫星精密定轨评估

针对GPS、SLR和DORIS三种不同手段的各自定轨精度问题,本文基于不同的轨道评估方法进行了深入分析。以JASON-2卫星为例,分析了姿态模型误差及其对定轨精度的影响,分别讨论了GPS、SLR和DORIS的定轨策略和定轨精度,并基于轨道评估结果进行了轨道叠加。基于实测数据进行了试验,试验结果表明,JASON-2卫星姿态模型误差对DORIS、GPS和SLR轨道影响分别为0.040、0.036和0.033m;DORIS定轨结果优于GPS和SLR,SLR定轨精度最差;基于SLR验证和轨道重叠结果加权,对GPS、SLR和DORIS轨道进行轨道叠加,其精度一致,通过与JPL轨道比较,其径向精度为2cm。     

Recent Sea Level and Sea Surface Temperature Trends Along the Bangladesh Coast in Relation to the Frequency of Intense Cyclones

The French Transportable Laser Ranging System (FTLRS) was deployed in the calibration site of satellite radar altimeters in Corsica over the 2002 and 2005 campaigns. The paper describes the different steps of SLR data processing. The average arcs RMS obtained are about 1–2 cm for Lageos-1&;-2, Starlette and Stella satellites; it is shown that the best results of satellite orbits determination and geocentric positioning are obtained with Eigen-Grace03s gravity model. The difference of FTLRS absolute 3D positioning, between 2002 and 2005, of about 7.7 mm (i.e., 2.6 mm/yr) is less than residual errors of ITRF2005 velocities (of about 4.3 mm/yr).     

Jason-2卫星的激光测距观测值噪声估计

针对Jason-2卫星定轨中关于多普勒无线电定轨定位系统(DORIS)和卫星激光测距(SLR)随机模型研究的不足,该文提出了3类k阶差分算子通用递推公式及相应的差分算子观测噪声估计方法。利用电离层平静和异常两个时段的Jason-2卫星DORIS和SLR多站数据进行了应用研究,计算结果验证了所提方法的正确性。同时分析了DORIS和SLR观测噪声随卫星高度角的变化规律以及观测噪声时的相关特性,并指出了3类差分算子的适用性。     

星蚀期北斗卫星轨道性能分析——SLR检核结果

星蚀期北斗卫星的轨道性能是北斗卫星导航系统性能分析的重要部分。了解北斗卫星导航系统星历中星蚀期轨道的精度,不仅可为系统服务性能评估提供支持,还有助于了解星蚀期精密定轨中相关模型可能存在的问题,进而为精密定轨函数模型改进提供参考。本文基于2014年1月至2015年7月的卫星激光测距资料,重点分析了星蚀期对北斗不同类型卫星轨道的影响,同时也对北斗广播星历和精密星历中整体轨道径向精度进行检核。结果表明:星蚀期内(尤其是偏航机动期间),IGSO/MEO卫星的广播星历和精密星历轨道均存在明显的精度下降;广播星历轨道径向误差达1.5~2.0m,精密星历轨道径向误差超过10.0cm。但仅从轨道径向残差序列中难以发现星蚀期对GEO卫星轨道是否有显著影响。非星蚀期间,IGSO/MEO卫星和GEO卫星的广播星历轨道径向精度分别优于0.5 m和0.9 m。IGSO/MEO卫星的精密星历轨道径向精度优于10.0cm,GEO卫星的轨道径向精度约50.0cm,且存在40.0cm左右的系统性偏差。     

Anomalous harmonics in the spectra of GPS position estimates

Prior studies of the power spectra of GPS position time series have found pervasive seasonal signals against a power-law background of flicker noise plus white noise. Dong et al. (2002) estimated that less than half the observed GPS seasonal power can be explained by redistributions of geophysical fluid mass loads. Much of the residual variation is probably caused by unidentified GPS technique errors and analysis artifacts. Among possible mechanisms, Penna and Stewart (2003) have shown how unmodeled analysis errors at tidal frequencies (near 12- and 24-hour periods) can be aliased to longer periods very efficiently. Signals near fortnightly, semiannual, and annual periods are expected to be most seriously affected. We have examined spectra for the 167 sites of the International GNSS (Global Navigation Satellite Systems) Service (IGS) network having more than 200 weekly measurements during 1996.0–2006.0. The non-linear residuals of the weekly IGS solutions that were included in ITRF2005, the latest version of the International Terrestrial Reference Frame (ITRF), have been used. To improve the detection of common-mode signals, the normalized spectra of all sites have been stacked, then boxcar smoothed for each local north (N), east (E), and height (H) component. The stacked, smoothed spectra are very similar for all three components. Peaks are evident at harmonics of about 1 cycle per year (cpy) up to at least 6 cpy, but the peaks are not all at strictly 1.0 cpy intervals. Based on the 6th harmonic of the N spectrum, which is among the sharpest and largest, and assuming a linear overtone model, then a common fundamental of 1.040 ± 0.008 cpy can explain all peaks well, together with the expected annual and semiannual signals. A flicker noise power-law continuum describes the background spectrum down to periods of a few months, after which the residuals become whiter. Similar sub-seasonal tones are not apparent in the residuals of available satellite laser ranging (SLR) and very long baseline interferometry (VLBI) sites, which are both an order of magnitude less numerous and dominated by white noise. There is weak evidence for a few isolated peaks near 1 cpy harmonics in the spectra of geophysical loadings, but these are much noisier than for GPS positions. Alternative explanations related to the GPS technique are suggested by the close coincidence of the period of the 1.040 cpy frequency, about 351.2 days, to the “GPS year”; i.e., the interval required for the constellation to repeat its inertial orientation with respect to the sun. This could indicate that the harmonics are a type of systematic error related to the satellite orbits. Mechanisms could involve orbit modeling defects or aliasing of site-dependent positioning biases modulated by the varying satellite geometry.     

SLR资料精密测定GLONASS卫星轨道

将SLR资料计算的轨道与CODE轨道进行了比较,并将比较结果转换到RTN坐标系中。通过比较分析发现,两种轨道差值在轨道径向、法向和沿轨方向的精度分别优于10cm、50cm和45cm;SLR和微波资料确定的GLONASS卫星轨道在径向存在系统误差,该系统误差随卫星轨道面的不同而不同。     

利用SLR与伪距资料综合定轨

以GPS伪距为观测量对GPS35卫星进行定轨,然后将SLR与GPS伪距资料综合起来进行定轨,并将计算的轨道与IGS精密轨道进行了比较。     

用SLR资料精密确定GPS35卫星轨道

GPS35卫星是全球定位系统卫星星座中的一颗卫星，它的对地一侧安装了激光后向反射器，可实施激光测距观测。用全球SLR资料精密确定了GPS35卫星1995年10月22日——26日和1999年8月1日——6日共2个5天的轨道，求得观测值与计算值的RMS小于3cm。     

北斗三号卫星两种定轨模式精度比较分析

北斗全球卫星导航系统(BDS-3)已经于2018年年底建成基本系统,并计划于2020年建成完整系统,而精确的卫星轨道是实现高性能全球服务的前提。本文基于北斗三号基本系统的18颗中圆轨道(MEO)卫星,评估了北斗三号卫星星间链路的测量噪声与测距精度,利用中国境内12个区域监测站的星地观测和星间链路观测,进行了联合卫星轨道测定试验,并与单纯区域监测站观测定轨结果进行了比较,分析了两种定轨模式重叠弧段轨道误差、轨道预报精度和激光检核精度。结果表明:北斗三号卫星的星间链路测量噪声为2.9cm,测距精度约为4.4cm;仅采用区域测站定轨,重叠弧段三维位置误差RMS为66.7cm,加入星间链路后可降低至15.4cm,提高了76.9%,24h轨道预报位置精度也由114.1cm提升至20.3cm,提升了83.2%,激光检核径向精度为8.4cm左右,明显优于北斗二号卫星轨道精度。     

Robust estimation of systematic errors of satellite laser range

Methods for analyzing laser-ranging residuals to estimate station-dependent systematic errors and to eliminate outliers in satellite laser ranges are discussed. A robust estimator based on an M-estimation principle is introduced. A practical calculation procedure which provides a robust criterion with high breakdown point and produces robust initial residuals for following iterative robust estimation is presented. Comparison of the results from the least-squares method with those of the robust method shows that the results of the station systematic errors from the robust estimator are more reliable. Received: 18 March 1997 / Accepted: 17 March 1999