DZR—Ⅲ型厘米级卫星激光测距仪

本文叙述了由国家地震局地震研究所与中国科学院测量与地球物理研究所协作研制成功的DZR—Ⅲ型厘米级卫星激光测距仪的测距原理及主要性能。该设备已装备于武汉人卫激光测距站并已投入日常观测。经国外数据处理中心美国戈达德激光跟踪网(GLTN)和荷兰Delft大学航空工程系对观测资料进行预处理,单次测距精度已达到±2～3cm,测程为2万多公里。已能观测到目前国际上统一联测的所有带激光发射镜的卫星,观测资料已用于国际地壳动力学(CDP)、国际地球自转机构(IERS)和地中海地区为研究地震而建立的激光测距网的计划(WECENER—MEDLAS)。     

伪距与激光测距法时间比对计算模型及其精度评估

卫星导航定位系统测距的基础是测时,而定轨和定位的前提是各观测量的时间同步,因此,时间同步技术是卫星导航定位系统建设的关键技术基础之一。卫星导航定位系统中时间同步技术包括卫星与地面(星-地)和地面站间(地-地)的时间同步。在本文中,根据伪距与激光测距法时间比对的基本原理,详细推导了地心惯性系中伪距与激光测距法时间比对的基本计算模型,为实现星地之间高精度的时间同步提供了参考。     

GPS、SLR、VLBI联合处理站坐标

采用了GPS、VLBI、SLR三种技术的并置站坐标,计算了三种技术实现的参考框架的转换参数,联合处理得到并置站的坐标并与IERS公布的坐标进行了比较。     

Recent Sea Level and Sea Surface Temperature Trends Along the Bangladesh Coast in Relation to the Frequency of Intense Cyclones

Bangladesh, one of the most densely populated countries in the world, is a victim of frequent natural calamities like tropical cyclones, tornadoes, floods, storm surges and droughts. Now the sea level rise (SLR) has also been included in these natural calamities. The SLR is likely to have greater impact on that part of Bangladesh having low topography and a wide flood plain. Since 21% of the population lives in the low coastal belt, any increase in sea level will be a problem of ominous proportion for Bangladesh. Since the cyclogenesis enhances over the Bay of Bengal during May and November, the sea level and sea surface temperature (SST) trends of these two months have been analyzed and calculated. The results of the selected stations one in the eastern coast and another in the western coast of Bangladesh show that Bangladesh coastal sea level is rising in the same way as the global sea level, but the magnitude is quite different. The difference in the behavior of sea level rise along the Bangladesh coast and the global trend may be due to the tectonic activity such as subsidence of the land. The mean tide level at Hiron Point (in Sunderbans) has shown an increasing trend of about 2.5 mm/year in May and 8.5 mm/year in November. Similarly near Cox?s Bazar (in the eastern coast of Bangladesh) it has registered a positive trend of about 4.3 mm/year in May and 10.9 mm/year in November. Thus the increment in the sea level along the Bangladesh coast during cyclone months is much more pronounced. In coastal waters near Hiron Point the SST has registered an increasing trend of about 1°C in May and 0.5°C in November during the 14-year period from 1985?1998. Near Cox?s Bazar, SST has shown a rising trend of about 0.8°C in May and about 0.4°C in November during the same 14-year period. The magnitude of SST trend is slightly more along the west coast. Any change in the frequency and intensity of tropical cyclones will have far reaching implications in the South Asian region. The rise in SST in the cyclone months seems to be correlated with the frequency and intensity of tropical cyclones. During these months, an increasing trend in the frequency and intensity of severe cyclones has been observed.     

地心的变化及其原因

随着空间大地测量技术的发展和高精度全球定位系统（ＧＰＳ）及人卫激光测距（ＳＬＲ）的应用,研究地心变化变得越来越重要．本文从定义、理论和实测三方面探讨了地心的变化及原因．比较地心变化的计算结果和ＳＬＲ的观测结果,可以看出,地心变化具有明显的周年和周日变化,幅度大约在 ２－６ｍｍ之间,在高精度大地测量的数据处理中应加以改正．     

Precise ERS-2 orbit determination using SLR, PRARE, and RA observations

The second European Remote Sensing satellite ERS-2, launched in 1995, is supported by satellite laser ranging (SLR), the German precise range and range-rate equipment (PRARE) microwave tracking system, and radar altimetry (RA). SLR, PRARE and crossover RA observations (XO/RA) from May, June, and July 1996 have been analyzed using the GEOSAT software developed at Forsvarets forskningsinstitutt (FFI, The Norwegian defence research establishment). Orbits computed with the JGM3 gravity model and the more recent EGM96 gravity model have been compared with orbits from other analysis centers. Based on these comparisons in addition to the post-fit observation residuals, and results from internal orbital overlaps, we conclude that the radial component of the ERS-2 orbit can be determined with a precision of 6 cm. Received: 30 June 1997 / Accepted: 4 February 1998     

基于SLR时间序列构建STRF及其与ITRF2008转换关系的研究

利用SLR时间序列与ITRF2008的公共参考站的坐标及速度信息,实现两者间的欧几里得标准相似变换,以核心参考站在1983—2008年的SLR时间序列解算了各历元与ITRF2008的转换参数,并对转换参数进行统计分析,结果可靠。     

毫米级地球参考框架的构建

本文指出了最新的国际地球参考框架ITRF（International Terrestrial Reference Frame）2005已不能满足当今毫米级地球动态变化监测的需要.提出了利用ITRF2005、SBL/GGFC（Special Bureau for Loading/Global Geophysical Fluids Center）和GRACE（Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment）等卫星的最新成果,构建毫米级地球参考框架的方案,介绍了对其两个关键问题：地壳非线性运动特征∑RΔXⁱ_R(t)和地球质心运动ΔX0(t)的空间技术（GPS,VLBI,SLR和GRACE）监测和地球物理因素模制的方法和一些初步结果,并对目前建立和实现毫米级地球参考框架存在的问题和所能达到的精度进行了初步评估.     

用Lageos卫星SLR资料解算地球定向参数及监测地球质心的运动

利用Lageos卫星(1993～2002期间)全球激光测距资料精确测定地球定向参数及地心的变化,并将EOP(SHA)序列的结果与同期的EOP(IERS)C04进行比较,符合程度:极移XP-O.39 mas,yP-0.41 mas,日长Dr在0.03 ms左右.地心在X,y方向大约有1 cm左右的变化,在Z方向有3～4 cm左右的变化.