Numerical simulation of surf–swash zone motions and turbulent flow

A two-dimensional numerical model was presented for the simulation of wave breaking, runup and turbulence in the surf and swash zones. The main components of the model are the Reynolds-Averaged Navier–Stokes equations describing the average motion of a turbulent flow, a k–ε turbulence closure model describing the transformation and dissipation processes of turbulence and a volume of fluid technique for tracking the free surface motion. Nearshore wave evolution on a sloping bed, the velocity field and other wave characteristics were investigated. First, the results of the model were compared with experimental results for different surf zone hydrodynamic conditions. Spilling and plunging breakers were simulated and the numerical model investigated for different wave parameters. The turbulence field was also considered and the spatial and time-dependent variations of turbulence parameters were discussed. In the next stage of the study, numerical results were compared with two sets of experimental data in the swash zone. Generally, there is good agreement except for turbulence predictions near the breaking point where the model does not represent well the physical processes. On the other hand, turbulence predictions were found to be excellent for the swash zone. The model provides a precise and efficient tool for the simulation of the flow field and wave transformations in the nearshore, especially in the swash zone. The numerical model can simulate the surface elevation of the vertical shoreline excursion on sloping beaches, while swash–swash interactions within the swash zone are accounted for.     

反应条件指数及其与饱和指数的关系初步探讨

反应条件指数(RCI)和饱和指数(SI)都是建立在热力学基础上说明水中物质溶解与沉淀作用的水文地球化学参数。饱和指数能够客观地反映水文地球化学作用发生的方向和状态,反应条件指数综合了水文地球化学状态条件和水文地球化学作用边界条件的信息,它不仅能反映水文地球化学作用发生的方向和状态,而且可以反映其发生的条件及原因。根据反应条件指数和反应条件边界值的概念,运用热力学基本原理和质量作用定律对反应条件指数与饱和指数的关系进行了论证,结果表明两者呈线性函数关系。这对认识和解决生产、科研中存在的水文地球化学问题具有重要指导意义。