THE INVERSION OF S-WAVE VELOCITY STRUCTURE IN NINGXIA AND ITS ADJACENT AREA USING BACKGROUND NOISE IMAGING TECHNOLOGY

In this paper, we use seismic waveform data of 90 seismic stations in Ningxia and its adjacent areas recorded between January 2012 and December 2013 to obtain the Rayleigh surface wave group velocity dispersion of the study area according to the noise imaging method and the 3-D S-wave velocity structure of the crust and upper mantle in Ningxia and its adjacent regions. The results show that within the depth range of 10~40km in Yinchuan graben and Liupanshan fault belt there exists a slow anomaly body, and with the increase of the depth this slow anomaly becomes an abnormal slow zone surrounding Lanzhou Basin between the massif arcuate structure of northeastern margin of Tibet Plateau and Alxa block. The 3-D S-wave velocity structure of the crust and upper mantle of the study area presents obvious lateral inhomogeneity. These results have important significance for the study of the dynamics of active tectonic zones and mechanism of strong earthquakes in Ningxia and its adjacent areas.     

层状地基端承桩扭转动力阻抗研究

本文采用Novak薄层法推导粘弹性地基的扭转动力阻抗,并将其用于考虑桩土相互作用的单桩扭转动力阻抗,又通过传递矩阵法将此公式推广到求取层状地基单桩扭转动力阻抗。而且本文以工程中常用的端承桩为例,推导了层状地基中端承桩扭转动力阻抗的简化计算公式。根据此公式,分析了频率、上覆软土层厚度、上覆软土层刚度等因素对单桩扭转动力阻抗的影响,分析结果表明,随着振动频率提高,层状地基中端承单桩的扭转动力阻抗的实部有缓慢下降的趋势,而虚部则增大;随着上覆土层厚度的增加,层状地基中端承单桩的扭转动力阻抗的实部和虚部均减小;随着上覆土层刚度的减小,层状地基中端承单桩的扭转动力阻抗的实部减小,虚部在低频段减小,而在较高频率段则增大。     

基于立体层析反演的低频模型构建在深水区储层反演中的应用:以南海深水W构造为例

建立准确的低频模型是波阻抗反演中的重要环节,它直接影响着波阻抗反演结果的准确性。但是,常规模型建立方法的准确性受钻井数量影响明显,钻井数量越多,模型的准确性越高。在海洋深水油气勘探过程中,由于勘探费用昂贵,钻井数量非常少,很难通过常规方法建立准确的低频模型。特别是在沉积体横向特征变化较大时,地震反演的可靠性受到巨大影响。本文首先介绍了立体层析速度反演的基本理论和数据域、成像域立体层析速度反演的计算过程,综合数据域立体层析与成像域立体层析的优势获得了高精度速度模型;然后结合有限的钻井进行标定,构建出地震反演所需的低频模型,有效提升了低频模型的精度,使其达到可真实反映较大规模地质异常体的尺度;最后,将其应用于南海深水区W构造的勘探实践,提升了反演结果横向预测的准确性。     

南黄海OBS数据转换横波分析及其地质意义

多分量地震勘探在减小地球物理反演问题多解性的同时提供了更丰富的地下信息,可以从量化的意义上真正实现岩性勘探.由于地壳结构的复杂性及转换横波的特殊性,南黄海地壳结构研究中基本未涉及横波.本文使用南黄海OBS数据,在不同剖面上对比分析纵横波走时、视速度以及质点运动轨迹,基于纵波理论模型对转换横波震相进行射线追踪和走时试算,识别并拟合了来自不同地层的转换横波震相.研究表明,北部坳陷中主要发生了PPS转换,转换界面为陆相沉积层底界面.千里岩隆起区除了发生转换界面为陆相沉积底界面的PPS转换还有转换界面为海底的PSS转换.断层活动引起岩石破碎,高波速比特征的断层边界为胶莱盆地在海上部分的边界圈定再添证据.千里岩地区高速地层成分含有花岗岩,其纵横波速比为1.67~1.68;推测北部坳陷中的海相沉积北-南地层不同,依次为碳酸盐岩及砂岩两类地层.

     

Rocking response of flexible circular foundations on layered media

The analysis of the response of a flexible circular foundation on layered media due to an arbitrarily distributed vertical loading is presented. The analysis is based on the ‘ring method’ approach, i.e. discretization of the foundation in a set of concentric rings. The arbitrarily distributed loading is expanded in the circumferential direction in a Fourier series. The influence coefficient matrix of soil for each element of the series is evaluated utilizing the stiffness matrix approach. The stiffness matrix of the foundation is obtained from the finite difference energy method approach. Numerical examples illustrate the influence of several soil-foundation parameters on the rocking response of a foundation. Results are presented in terms of displacement and soil reaction distributions and impedance functions point to significantly different responses of flexible and rigid foundations.     

表面矩形基础阻抗函数的集中参数模型

本文在系统地研究了Ｗｏｌｆ二阶集中参数模型的基础上,完整地给出了表面刚性矩形基础阻抗函数的集中参数模型,同以往的工作相比,本文给出的集中参数模型能在更宽的频段上反映精确解的变化。     

基于应力偏量的横波纯应力逆时偏移成像方法

基于弹性波解耦延拓方程的波场分离方法不仅可以得到解耦的纵、横波质点振动速度场,还可以获得纵、横波应力场.针对横波纯应力场在利用单一分量成像时不具有明确物理意义的问题,本文将应力偏张量引入到横波应力场中,基于应力偏量第二不变量构建得到横波应力不变量并将其用于应力场的逆时偏移成像中,获得了可完整表征横波应力场的成像结果.模型试算表明,本文构建的横波应力不变量可以有效利用横波应力张量中的波场信息,并得到准确的弹性逆时偏移成像结果.

     

基于Fatti近似的弹性阻抗方程及反演

用Connolly的弹性阻抗(EI,elastic impedance)公式进行反演只能直接得到纵、横波速度和密度的信息,然后才可间接计算得到纵横波阻抗等其它的参数数据体,这样便增加了一步误差使数据的准确性降低.本文首先针对该方法的这些缺点和不足,提出了以Zoeppritz方程的Fatti近似为基础一种新的弹性阻抗公式,由该公式可得到比用Fatti近似更准确的反射系数,然后对这个公式进行了标准化以实现不同角度的弹性阻抗间量纲的统一,最后用标准化后的公式进行了反演,从反演得到的不同角度的弹性阻抗数据体中可直接提取得到纵横波阻抗数据体.应用实例表明用这种方法提取得到的纵横波阻抗更加稳定、准确,而且能很好地反映储层信息.这种新的方法是对以Connolly公式为基础的传统方法的改进.     

Effect of Temperature on the Acoustic Reflection Characteristics of Seafloor Surface Sediments

Because the sound speeds of seawater and seafloor sediment both increase with temperature,the influence of tempera-ture on the bottom reflection characteristics of seafloor sediments needs to be investigated.Based on the calculation of the temperature-controlled experimental measurement data of typical seafloor surface sediment samples,the temperature-dependent acoustic characteristics,including acoustic impedance,acoustic impedance ratio between surface sediment and seawater,and reflection coefficient,were analyzed.The effective density fluid model was used to analyze and explain the reflection coefficient variation of surface sediments with temperature and predict the dispersion characteristics.Results show that the acoustic impedance of the seabed sediment increases with temperature,whereas the acoustic impedance ratio and acoustic reflection coefficient slightly decrease.The acoustic impedance,acoustic impedance ratio,and acoustic reflection coefficient of sandy,silty,and clayey sediments vary similarly with tem-perature variation.Moreover,the influence of temperature on these acoustic characteristics is independent of detection frequencies.     

构造煤复电性实验及其特征研究

通过测定不同地点的6种不同变质程度的构造煤在常温常压下的阻抗振幅,得到不同类型构造煤振幅谱各自不同的特点,在所测100 Hz~100 kHz频率范围内,各类构造煤Z-f (阻抗振幅-频率)呈一条单调递减曲线。在交变电场下烟煤的导电性较无烟煤及其他岩石差。在所测频段内,无烟煤Z值明显低于烟煤,且差值随着f增大逐渐减小。通过对构造煤Z-M (阻抗振幅-水分)的拟合,得到相关公式;再利用所得构造煤阻抗振幅验证其公式可靠性,找出优势频段。初步分析了煤岩的幅频特性,为试图利用煤岩电性频率域响应特征差异来反映不同变质程度构造煤及与其他岩矿石的导电机理及结构模型,进而为用电法勘探物质组成与结构提供理论与实验基础。