一株深海中等嗜热嗜酸菌的分离及鉴定

从太平洋热液区样品中分离纯化到一株中等嗜热嗜酸菌,命名为TPY。文中对该菌株的形态、生理生化特征1、6S rDNA序列以及亚铁和单质硫氧化活性进行了研究。TPY菌株为短杆状,革兰氏阳性菌,大小为(0.3~0.5)μm×(1~3)μm;最适生长温度为50℃,最适生长pH值为1.8;该菌既能利用亚铁盐、单质硫自养生长,也能利用酵母粉、葡萄糖、蛋白胨和甘油等有机物异养生长;TPY菌与Sulfobacillus acidophilus(AB089842)的16S rDNA序列高度相似,其同源性为99%。这些结果表明,TPY菌是一株来自深海的嗜酸硫化芽孢杆菌(Sulfobacillus acidophilus),该菌的成功分离将有助于对太平洋热液区微生物种群结构的全面了解。同时,TPY菌对亚铁和单质硫的良好氧化能力显示出其在生物浸矿中的应用潜力。     

Unique problems associated with seismic analysis of partially gas-saturated unconsolidated sediments

Gas hydrate stability conditions restrict the occurrence of gas hydrate to unconsolidated and high water-content sediments at shallow depths. Because of these host sediments properties, seismic and well log data acquired for the detection of free gas and associated gas hydrate-bearing sediments often require nonconventional analysis. For example, a conventional method of identifying free gas using the compressional/shear-wave velocity (V_p/V_s) ratio at the logging frequency will not work, unless the free-gas saturations are more than about 40%. The P-wave velocity dispersion of partially gas-saturated sediments causes a problem in interpreting well log velocities and seismic data. Using the White, J.E. [1975. Computed seismic speeds and attenuation in rocks with partial gas saturation. Geophysics 40, 224–232] model for partially gas-saturated sediments, the difference between well log and seismic velocities can be reconciled. The inclusion of P-wave velocity dispersion in interpreting well log data is, therefore, essential to identify free gas and to tie surface seismic data to synthetic seismograms.     

Sea surface height variability in the Rio de la Plata estuary from synoptic to inter-annual scales: Results of numerical simulations

A long term simulation of the barotropic circulation in the Río de la Plata estuary was performed with the aim of identifying the characteristic patterns of sea surface height (SSH) variability from synoptic to inter-annual time scales and their forcing mechanisms. Hamburg Shelf Ocean Model (HamSOM), forced by tides, monthly mean runoffs and 4-daily 10 m winds and surface atmospheric pressure from the National Center for Environmental Prediction/National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCEP/NCAR) reanalysis was run. The solution was analyzed for the period 1965–2004. Inter-annual variability accounts for almost 10% of the variance. The first EOF mode of SSH variability on this time scale is associated with a mean anomaly of approximately 0.25 m at the upper estuary forced by both runoff and winds, which seems to be strongly associated with the ENSO cycles. Other two modes, with periodicities around 2.5 and 10 years were also found. Even though they are linked to weaker SSH anomalies, they are consistent with inter-annual modes of wind variability reported by other authors. Those modes are important, particularly if they act in phase, because they can provide a background for stronger surges. In contrast with the salinity field, SSH variability on seasonal time scales accounts for a very small percentage of variance and it is the combination of an annual and a semi-annual signal forced by winds and runoff, respectively. Approximately 90% of the variance is due to wind driven variability on sub-annual time scales. The most significant SSH anomalies in this band are associated with cyclogenetic events in the atmosphere, occurring either over Uruguay or over the Patagonian Shelf, whereas the strengthening or weakening of the semi-permanent South Atlantic anticyclone displays a relatively smaller influence. In agreement with previous publications, the estuary's spatial patterns in response to short-scale wind variability seem to be determined by wind direction more than by wind speed.     

Strong CO2 outgassing from high nutrient low chlorophyll coastal waters off central Chile (30°S): The role of dissolved iron

Carbonate system parameters (pH and alkalinity) were used to estimate the coastal water CO₂ fluxes off central Chile (30°S) during September 2007. Coastal waters rich in nitrate and silicate were strongly CO₂ supersaturated and normally poor in chlorophyll a. MODIS satellite chlorophyll a data suggest that phytoplankton biomass remained particularly low during September 2007 although coastal waters were highly fertilized with nitrate and silicate. The phytoplankton gross primary productivity in macronutrient-rich waters was very low with the exception of shallow waters (e.g. within or near bays). Several iron-enrichment bottle experiments show that fCO₂ rapidly decreases during iron-enrichment treatments compared to controls. This suggests that iron limitation of phytoplankton growth (mainly diatoms) plays a role in maintaining high-CO₂ outgassing by preventing rapid interception of upwelled CO₂.     

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in water,mussels (Brachidontes sp., Tagelus sp.) and fish (Odontesthes sp.) from Bahía Blanca Estuary,Argentina

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), one of the major groups of anthropogenic environmental pollutants, were firstly identified and measured in coastal waters, native mussels and fish of an industrialized South American estuary.     

两种大眼蟹线粒体16S rRNA基因序列分析

测定了宽身大眼蟹和日本大眼蟹线粒体16SrRNA基因部分片段的序列,其长度均为517bp。二者的核苷酸序列A,T,G,C的含量相似:宽身大眼蟹分别为33.3%,35.6%,19.9%,11.2%;日本大眼蟹分别为35.2%,35.4%,18.4%,11.0%。不包括6处插入/缺失位点,两序列间有63个变异位点,核苷酸差异率为12.26%,其中转换32个、颠换31个,转换与颠换比约为1.0。对国内外大眼蟹的24条长度为415bp的16SrRNA基因同源序列进行分析,A+T的平均含量为71.7%,明显高于G+C的平均含量,且存有变异位点171个,简约信息位点137个。中国和日本的日本大眼蟹之间的核苷酸差异率为4.42%,表明二者已有明显的遗传分化;中国的日本大眼蟹与日本的万岁大眼蟹之间的核苷酸差异率仅为0.21%,表明二者有可能为同一物种。上述结果得到了系统发生树拓扑结构的支持。     

径向基函数神经网络在计算天然气水合物饱和度中的应用研究

天然气水合物饱和度的计算通常采用阿尔奇公式、双水模型、Wood 方程等方法,这些方法均基于孔隙度的求取,并需要配合岩心分析来获得公式中的有关参数,存在误差传递导致结果不正确的问题.由于天然气水合物是以固态形式赋存于地层当中,因此研究适用于含天然气水合物储层的评价模型也是解决准确评价天然气水合物储层需考虑的因素.针对沿用油气测井评价方法计算天然气水合物的孔隙度和饱和度中存在的问题,采用径向基函数作为人工神经网络,计算了我国首次采获水合物样品的神狐海域某井天然气水合物的饱和度,以其中一口井的分析数据为样本训练并建立径向基函数神经网络,有效地求出了另一口井的天然气水合物饱和度,其结果与现场孔隙水分析的饱和度基本吻合.避开了天然气水合物饱和度的模型建立及参数求取难题.     

一种基于能量的振动主动控制新方法

为了防止控制过程中作动器出现饱和现象,本文提出了一种基于能量的新的振动主动控制策略。该方法是通过比较容许能量与实际能量来确定结构控制力的大小,而其方向是通过对能量求导确定。由于不需要求解线性矩阵不等式,所以计算简单,操作方便。并且当采用同样容量限的多个作动器时,控制输出力一致,从而避免设计多个控制系统,简化了控制器设计。此外,由于采用阶跃控制,控制系统便于实现。最后,以六层建筑物为例来说明本文方法的可行性。     

海南养殖罗非鱼(Oreochromis niloticus)致病链球菌的分离、鉴定及其药敏试验

采用常规的形态及生理生化特性检验、API20strep快速鉴定及分子生物学等方法,对引起2009年海南罗非鱼大规模死亡的病原菌进行了致病性、表型生物学,分子生物学及药敏试验的系统研究。结果表明,2株分离菌均为无乳链球菌,对罗非鱼具有很强的致病性。分离菌16SrRNA基因序列(GenBank登录存取号分别为GU363869和GU363870)与其它链球菌的16SrRNA基因同源性相似性在96.5%—100%之间,所测2株病原菌16SrRNA基因之间的同源性为100%。16SrRNA基因构建的系统进化树表明,2株病原菌均与无乳链球菌聚类。药敏试验结果表明,分离菌株对头孢类药物、阿莫西林、强力霉素等27种试验药物较敏感,对复方新诺明、卡那霉素等11种试验药物不敏感,对庆大霉素的敏感性不同。