全球地壳运动的背景场及其研究进展

全球地壳运动是在全球地壳运动背景场中发生的，其背景场的运动参数是表征地壳运动的最基本特征。由于现今板块运动模型ITRF序列均忽略板块边界部分，并且板块以NUVEL1A模型来划分，由此建立的全球板块运动模型不能作为一个严格的全球地壳运动背景场。利用区域速度场和ITRF2000速度场建立一个包括非刚体的板块边界区域和刚体板块的全球地壳运动模型，其板块总角动量ΙLΙ＝0．131°/Ma，即不为零，存在整体旋转，由此建立无整体旋转（NNR）模型，并评述其研究进展。     

阳极泥及碲回收物料中高含量碲的测定

采用重铬酸钾容量法，测定铜铅阳极泥及碲回收物料中高含量碲。针对阳极泥样品成分复杂的特征，确定了最佳溶样介质；探讨了Cu^2 ,Cd^2 ,Bi^3 ,Ag^ ,Sb(Ⅲ）,As（Ⅲ），Pb^2 ,Se（Ⅳ），Sn（Ⅳ），Au(Ⅲ）等共存元素的影响及其消除方法；改善了滴定条件。方法适用于w(Te)＞1％碲的测定，样品分析结果与原子吸收法测定结果一致，RSD（n＝5）为0.4％－4.1％。     

Seismic analysis and design of rigid bridge abutments considering rotation and sliding incorporating non-linear soil behavior

A two-dimensional (2D) finite element analytical model is developed to analyze the seismic response of rigid highway bridge abutments, retaining and founded on dry sand. A well verified finite element code named FLEX is used for this purpose. The proposed model has the following characteristics: (1) The soil (dry sand in this study) is modeled by a 2D finite element grid; (2) The bridge abutment is molded as a rigid substructure; (3) The strength and deformation of the soil are modeled using the viscous cap constitutive model. This model consists of a failure surface and hardening cap together with an associated flow rule. The cap surface is activated for the soil under the wall to represent compaction during wall rocking. In addition, viscoelastic behavior is provided for representing the hysteretic-like damping of soil during dynamic loading; (4) Interface elements are used between the wall and the soil (at the backface of the wall and under its base) to allow for sliding and for debonding/recontact behavior; (5) The finite element grid is truncated by using an absorbing boundary approximation. Using this boundary at both sides of the grid simulates the horizontal radiation of energy scattered from the wall and the excavation. Shear beams are placed adjacent to the lateral boundaries from each side which give the far-field ground motion, for comparison with those computed adjacent to the boundaries. The analytical model is verified comparing predictions to results from dynamic centrifuge tests, with satisfactory agreement. The proposed model is used to study the dynamic response of an 8.0 m high and 3.0 m wide rigid bridge abutment (proportioned using the traditional approach to design) for different sinusoidal and earthquake acceleration input motions. The results from the analysis show that outward tilting of rigid bridge abutments is the dominant mode of response during dynamic shaking and that these abutments end up with a permanent outward tilt at the end of shaking. The results from all the analyzed cases of the 8.0 m high gravity retaining wall together with those from the analysis of the tilting wall centrifuge tests are discussed and used for proposing a practical method for evaluating the seismic response of rigid abutments during earthquakes.     

关于一类微分方程的极限环问题

本文主要研究一个从实际问题中提出的非线性微分方程模型、完整地解决了该模型极限环的存在唯一性以及不存在性问题、并对所得结果给出了实际解释。     

移动地图理论基础研究

移动地图主要指可以随用户移动的电子地图。本文首先从广义和狭义两方面介绍了移动地图的定义,认为移动地图具有易读、实时和交互性等特点。移动环境下,地图信息在制图者与用图者之间的传输是双向且不断循环的,体现了空间信息加工者和使用者之间的交互,这种交互有利于空间信息加工者和使用者对空间信息的认知达成一致,提高地图信息传输的效率,同时也反映了空间信息由静态的地图表现,发展到动态信息服务的演化过程。在空间信息传输过程中,用户一方面接收信息加工者发送的空间信息,另一方面接收客观环境刺激、并对获得的信息进行选择、分类等加工方式获得客观环境的空间信息,并综合分析和比较这两种空间信息,获得对客观世界的认识。在此过程中,需要在大脑中对地理信息空间进行旋转,该旋转时间的长短与现实生活中实际旋转一个物体所费时间的长短相应,旋转角度越大,则历时越长。人们的习惯用语中的空间术语不仅影响人们对空间关系的知觉和记忆,还会影响人们对空间关系的推理,因为不同的空间参考框架有不同的逻辑特征。最后总结了开展移动地图理论基础研究的重要意义。     

巴基斯坦卡西姆港EPTL化学码头牺牲阳极阴极保护

介绍了嘏基斯坦卡西姆港化学码头钢管桩实施牺牲阳极阴极保护所进行的钢桩保护面积计算和保护电位测量,以及根据涂层状况经设计计算,安装牺牲的阳极的型号、数量和阳极材料的性能检测。     

Assessment of sacrificial anode impact by aluminum accumulation in mussel Mytilus edulis: a large-scale laboratory test

Since the early 1960s, the application of aluminum alloy sacrificial anodes to mitigate marine corrosion has been well known. The aim of this work was to study aluminum bioconcentration in Mytilus edulis by an in vitro test performed in two tanks: the first containing non-contaminated water (NCW) and the second containing aluminum-contaminated water (CW) (530 μg L⁻¹) released by sacrificial anode. The mussels were collected and examined over a period of 8 weeks. A comparison between the aluminum concentrations in the digestive glands of mussels from the CW and NCW tanks shows that the highest value (1700 mg/kg d.w.) was found in the CW mussels collected after 13 days. In NCW, the mean aluminum concentration in digestive glands during the test was 281 mg/kg d.w. The rapid concentration decrease in digestive glands is probably due to the inhibition of filtering activity due to valve closure at the high concentration as well as the induction of the detoxification response.     

Analyses of dust coma morphology of Comet Hyakutake (1996 B2) near perigee: outburst behavior, jet motion, source region locations, and nucleus pole orientation

We present inner-coma dust imaging of Comet Hyakutake (1996 B2) obtained on 11 consecutive nights in late March 1996, an interval including a major outburst and the comet’s closest approach to Earth. The evolution of the outburst morphology is followed, along with the motion along the tail of several outburst fragments. Two spiral dust jets—a primary jet, along with a much weaker secondary jet—are visible throughout the interval and are produced by two source regions on a rotating nucleus. These are examined as a function of rotational phase and viewing geometry, with their appearance changing from a nearly face-on view on March 18 to side-on by March 28. The dust outflow velocity as a function of distance from the nucleus is derived, with the dust continuing to accelerate to a distance of 4000 km or more and reaching an average outflow velocity of 0.38 km s⁻¹ between 3000 and 8000 km. We present details of our Monte Carlo modeling of the jets and our methodology of fitting the model to the images. The modeling yields the pole orientation of the nucleus, with an obliquity of approximately 108°, corresponding to an RA of 13^h41^m and a Dec of −1.1°. For an assumed spherical nucleus, the primary active region is centered at approximately −66° latitude, has a radius of about 56°, and therefore covers about 22% of the surface. The source of the secondary jet is at a latitude of −28°, has a radius of about 16°, and is located at a longitude nearly 180° away from the primary source. Estimated uncertainties for the pole orientation and the source locations and sizes are each about 3°. This solution for the nucleus orientation and source locations explains the strong asymmetry in measured production rates before and after perihelion in radio observations (Biver et al., 1999, Astron. J. 118, 1850-1872). The modeling also tightly constrains the sidereal rotation period as 0.2618 ± 0.0001 day, completely consistent with the expected +0.0003 day difference from the observed solar rotation period of 0.2614 ± 0.0004 day determined by Schleicher and Osip (2002, Icarus 159, 210-233), given the pole orientation and position of the comet in its orbit.     

阳极焙烧炉的燃烧计算与分析

采用计算燃烧学的原理和模型以及CFD软件对以重油作为燃料的阳极焙烧炉炉内的流动、燃烧过程进行了模拟计算,讨论了炉内温度场、流场和各组分浓度场的分布规律,分析了这些因素对碳阳极焙烧质量的影响.研究表明,在设计阳极焙烧炉结构时应考虑火道中挡板对气流分布的影响.     

Humic Acid and Iron Chelation Modified Anode Improves the Electrochemical Performance of Marine Sediment Microbial Fuel Cell

Marine sediment microbial fuel cell(MSMFCs)can be utilized as a long lasting power source to drive small instruments to work for long time on ocean floor and its higher power has a significant meaning for practical application.Anode modification can greatly improve the performance of MSMFCs.Herein,humic acid(HA)and humic acid-iron ion complex(HA-Fe)were used to modify the anode for constructing a better MSMFCs.The results indicated that HA-Fe modified anode,better than HA modification,significantly improved the MSMFCs cell power output.The maximum power density of HA-Fe modified MSMFCs is 165.3 mW m?2,which are 6.5-folds of blank MSMFCs.The number of microorganisms on anode,redox activity,and relative kinetic activity were 1.8-,6.1-,and 13.1-folds of blank MSMFCs,respectively.The MSMFCs improvement would be attributed to the electron transfer media of HA and the valence conversion of Fe ions.A synergistic interaction between the naturally occurring HA and Fe ions on the anodic surface in marine sediments would make the modified anodes have‘renewable’characteristics,which is beneficial for the MSMFCs to maintain its long-term higher power.