中国南方下寒武统黑色岩系及其地质研究意义

黑色岩系是C、N、P、S、O和一些重金属的循环链,既是一种矿产资源,又是环境因素的良好载体.以我国南方下寒武统为例,讨论黑色岩系的地质研究意义,提出黑色岩系的重点研究方向.     

南海ODP1144站深海沉积牵引体的岩石物理模型研究

ODP1144站是南海唯一钻揭深海沉积牵引体的站位,其完整的岩芯和测井资料为开展该沉积牵引体的岩石物理模型研究提供了良好的基础。此项研究对于理解南海深海沉积物中岩性参数与弹性参数间的关系具有重要意义,并可为根据反射地震资料开展定量岩性参数预测提供依据。对现有的深海沉积物岩石物理模型包括Wood悬浮模型、等球体颗粒接触模型、Sun速度一孔隙度关系模型进行了综述。根据岩芯分析资料将1144站深海沉积物的矿物组分简化为粘土矿物、碳酸盐、陆源碎屑和硅质生物4类;其中后3种组分的弹性模量及密度值分别由其代表矿物——方解石、石英及蛋白石的理论值代替,粘土矿物组分的等效弹性模量和等效密度则分别由Voigt-Reuss-Hill平均和体积平均计算得出。将3种岩石物理模型应用于1144站,计算得出深海沉积物的纵波速度并将其与声波测井纵波速度进行比较。结果表明,Sun模型计算结果与实测结果的吻合最好,误差最小;Wood模型所得结果在浅层与实测结果较吻合,在深层与实测结果出现偏差,误差较小;而等球体颗粒接触模型计算结果整体偏高,误差较大。     

思茅坳陷油气地质特征与勘探前景

思茅坳陷存在古生界和中一新生界两套沉积盖层,具有多套生储盖组合。以二叠系、三叠系为主力烃源岩,储层低孔低渗,侏罗系一白垩系“红层”组成区域盖层。思茅坳陷气水同喷、原油显示表明,该区海相地层仍有油气勘探前景,以存在K3-N区域盖层、断裂改造较弱、源岩成熟度较低、构造发育的英德一景谷、勐腊一勐满含油气保存单元为首选靶区,具有一定勘探前景。     

新疆伊吾淖毛湖北山金矿床地质特征与成矿模式

论述卓毛湖北山金矿地质特征和控矿因素，并建立三位一体成矿模式，以拓宽找矿思路。     

藏南马扎拉金锑矿床围岩蚀变及矿化特征

马扎拉金锑矿位于西藏自治区山南地区措美县东南部古堆乡,东临隆子县,南近错那县,区域上位于藏南拆离断裂（陈智梁等,1996）以北的特提斯喜马拉雅（或称特提斯喜马拉雅）褶皱造山带（许志琴等,2006）南部,属于隆子逆冲推覆断裂的前缘。自2014年开始,成都地质调查中心作为扎西康整装勘查的主要实施单位接受了西藏雪域矿业开发有限公司的委托,在矿区开展地质找矿工作,现已基本查明了金锑矿体围岩蚀变和矿化特征。     

http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S167498711100079X

Lower Paleozoic rocks exposed in various regions of Egypt (south central Sinai, north Eastern Desert and southwest Western Desert), in addition to occurring in the subsurface such as north Western Desert and the Gulf of Suez. The Lower Paleozoic rocks in Egypt include surface and subsurface rock units of formational status. The surface rock units are the Taba, Araba and Naqus formations. The subsurface rock units include the Shifa, Kohla and Basur formations. The Infracambrian Taba Formation has been discovered recently in the outcrops of the south eastern Sinai in the Taba-Ras El-Naqab area. It is missing and/or not recognized in the subsurface. The Taba Formation consists mainly of reddish brown, unfossiliferous gravelly fine-to medium-grained sandstones cemented by kaolinite and have subordinate beds of paleosols. The Cambrian Araba Formation and its subsurface equivalent (the Shifa Formation) are essentially composed of reddish brown, fine-grained laminated sandstone and siltstone with abundant Skolithos and Cruziana sp. In contrast, the Ordovician-Silurian Naqus Formation and its subsurface equivalents (Kohla Formation and Basur Formation) are mainly composed of white, unfossiliferous, cross-bedded, medium- to coarse-grained sandstones with haphazardly distributed pebbles and cobbles. Sedimentological analysis indicates that the Araba Formation and its equivalents were deposited in a marginal-marine environment, whereas the Naqus Formation and its equivalents were laid down in a fluvio-glacial environment. Integrated stratigraphic and sedimentological studies of the Lower Paleozoic rocks permit reconstruction of the paleogeography of Egypt at that time. Egypt has been largely controlled since the Cambrian by the pre-existing structural framework of the pre-Phanerozoic basement rocks inherited from the Late Proterozoic Pan-African event. Additionally, sedimentation processes were controlled during Cambro-Ordovician times by tectonic movements, whereas glacio-eustatic control predominated during the Late Ordovician-Silurian Period. These studies suggest that most areas of Egypt were exposed lands with episodically transgression by epicontinental seas related to the paleo-Tethys. These lands formed a part of a stable subsiding shelf at the northern Gondwana margin.     

云南双江白水河金矿成矿地质特征

白水河金矿属断裂构造控制的热液蚀变型金矿床,金矿体产于新元古界澜沧群变质岩区多期断裂的次级分支断裂破碎带内。沿构造带有辉绿岩脉、石英斑岩脉、煌斑岩脉侵入,首次在临沧地区新元古界澜沧群变质岩区找到金矿。     

Rock Magnetism Study on Loess-Paleosol Sequence at Huixinggou Section of Sanmenxia Basin

Rock magnetism is the foundation of paleomagnetism and environmental magnetism study, and is effective in identifying the components, grain size and content of magnetic minerals in rocks and sediments. A systematic rock magnetism investigation has been conducted on the Huixinggou loess-paleosol sequence at Shuigou-Huixinggou Paleolithic site of Sanmenxia Basin in the southeastern Loess Plateau. Results show that the magnetic assemblage of the section is dominated by magnetite and maghemite, as well as hematite, exhibiting the average grain size of magnetic minerals is attributed to Pseudo-Single Domain (PSD). The variation curves of magnetic parameters are consistent and well comparable to marine oxygen isotope curves, with low values corresponding to the loess deposition during glacial periods, and high values corresponding to the paleosol development during interglacial periods, jointly demonstrating the glacial-interglacial cyclicities of magnetic mineral types, composition, and grain size of Chinese loess-paleosol sequences under the influence of alternating strengthening and weakening of Eastern Asian paleomonsoon over the Quaternary period. Comprehensive analysis reveals that the relative content of high-coercivity antiferromagnetic minerals is higher in loess than in paleosol, whilst the absolute content of high-coercivity antiferromagnetic minerals in paleosol is generally higher than that in loess accompanying increasing intensity of pedogenesis. The mass-specific magnetic susceptibility (χ) shows distinctly positive correlations with anhysteretic susceptibility (χ_ARM), Saturation Isothermal Remanent Magnetization (SIRM) and magnetic grain size dependent parameters (χ_ARM/SIRM and χ_ARM/χ), indicating that the pedogenic producing Single Domain (SD) and small PSD ferrimagnetic particles contribute significantly to the magnetic susceptibility enhancement.     

Granite fracture index to check suitability of granite outcrops for quarrying

A correct knowledge of fracture patterns previous to quarrying is important for economical exploitation. This work comprises the general characterization of the discontinuities of 10 granite rock masses in NE Portugal. During the study some discontinuity characteristics such as orientation, persistence, aperture, trace length and spacing were evaluated. The differences in the characteristics of the selected granites were described, and the most important exploration factors were identified. In the granites studied, most of the joints are oriented from N10°E to N50°E, which is compatible with the regional fracture pattern. Concerning joint termination, the XX type is common, while the RR type is rare; the persistence index ranges from 3.5% to 25.4%. Closed joints are predominant in the granites studied (> 72.4%), and openings of the others are about 1–2 mm as a result of superficial displacement of the granite blocks. The percentage of filled joints, usually by quartz and pegmatite, is different from one granite to another, but most are < 20%. The average joint length ranges from 11.1 m in post-tectonics granites to 4.6 m in syntectonic granites. Joint spacing varies from 0.98 to 2.8 m with higher values in post-tectonic granites. Joint-space distributions of the granites studied are close to log-normal and exponential distributions. Volumetric joint count (Jv) ranges from 0.8 to 2.1 joints/m³ and is used for categorizing the places of each granite. The relationships between Jv and other joint characteristics, such as length, spacing and number of joint sets, were investigated. A Granite Fracturing Index (GFI) is introduced, computed on the basis of volumetric joint count, number of joint sets and true joint spacing. The GFI classification of studied places allows us evaluate the suitability for profitable exploitation.     

Correlation of TBM and drilling machine performances with rock brittleness

The correlations between three different methods of measuring brittleness and both drillability and borability were statistically investigated using the raw data obtained from the experimental works of different researchers.

Strong exponential relationships between the penetration rates of tunnel boring machine (TBM) and the brittleness of B₁ (the ratio of compressive strength to tensile strength) and B₂ (the ratio of compressive strength minus tensile strength to compressive strength plus tensile strength) were found. There is no correlation between the penetration rates of the diamond drilling tool and the brittleness values. Strong exponential correlations exist between the penetration rates of rotary drills and the brittleness of B₁ and B₂. However, no correlation between the penetration rate of rotary drills and the brittleness of B₃ (the product of percentage of fines in impact strength test and compressive strength) was found. The penetration rate of percussive drills does not exhibit a correlation with the brittleness of B₁ and B₂, but the penetration rate of percussive drills is strongly correlated with the brittleness of B₃.

It was concluded that each method of measuring brittleness has its usage in rock excavation depending on practical utility.