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411.
412.
崩塌地质灾害的致灾体具有隐蔽性特征,传统的调查手段难以查明所有的致灾体,而隐蔽性致灾体一旦失稳破坏,往往造成群死群伤的灾难事故.因此,如何提早识别与预防灾难的发生,成为地质灾害防治学者专家关注的焦点.以凯里市龙场镇崩塌灾害为例,运用GIS技术,采用风险评估的方法,对影响崩塌灾害发生的各因素进行叠加综合,从而分析出灾害的易发性、危险性和易损性,得到灾害的风险性,从而为灾害的预防提供参考与指导. 相似文献
413.
Li Xu Tieyu Wang Kun Ni Shijie Liu Pei Wang Shuangwei Xie Jing Meng Xiaoqi Zheng Yonglong Lu 《Marine pollution bulletin》2013
Distributions and magnitude of metals in water, sediment and soil collected from the watershed and estuarine areas of southern Bohai Sea, were investigated. The largest dissolved concentrations of As, Cu and Zn in water were 347.70, 2755.00, 2076.00 μg/L, respectively, much higher than corresponding drinking water guidelines. The greatest concentrations of Cu, Zn, Cr, Ni, Pb, As and Cd in sediments were 1462.2, 1602.17, 196.43, 67.15, 63.54, 73.86 and 1.41 mg/kg, dw, respectively. The mean concentrations of Cu, Ni, Cd, Zn, Cr, Pb and As in soils were 24.67, 24.73, 0.14, 64.75, 56.52, 25.12 and 9.34 mg/kg, dw, respectively. Land use was confirmed to be an important factor of influence on soil metal concentrations. Metal contents along the watershed of Jie River were significantly greater than in other locations. The detection of metals in relatively high concentrations from different environmental matrices in this region indicates the necessity of further studies. 相似文献
414.
Catarina Frazão Santos Jaqueline Michel Mário Neves João Janeiro Francisco Andrade Michael Orbach 《Marine pollution bulletin》2013
A flow of key information links marine spatial planning (MSP) and oil spill risk analysis (OSRA), two distinct processes needed to achieve true sustainable management of coastal and marine areas. OSRA informs MSP on areas of high risk to oil spills allowing a redefinition of planning objectives and the relocation of activities to increase the ecosystem’s overall utility and resilience. Concomitantly, MSP continuously generates a large amount of data that is vital to OSRA. The Environmental Sensitivity Index (ESI) mapping system emerges as an operational tool to implement the MSP–OSRA link. Given the high level of commonalities between ESI and MSP data (both in biophysical and human dimensions), ESI tools (both paper maps and dynamic GIS-based product) are easily developed to further inform MSP and oil spill risk management. Finally, several other benefits from implementing the MSP–OSRA link are highlighted. 相似文献
415.
The contaminated sediment serves as a long-term source of toxic elements,since that mobility and transport in the environment of these elements are strongly influenced to associated solid phase.In this study,the modified Tessier sequential extraction procedure was applied for the fractionation of Cd,As,Hg,Cu,Zn,Cr,Pb,Ni and V in the sediments(Tisa River and canal sediments - Danube alluvial formation),to obtain an overall classification of trace element pollution in these areas through its spatial distribution.Investigations of this region are important due to the widespread occurrence of metal mining activities throughout the Tisa and Danube drainage basins and possibilities of contamination with toxic elements at studies localities.Five steps of the sequential extraction procedure partitioned elements into CH3COONH4 extractable(F1),NH2OH·HC carbonate extractable and easily reducible(F2), H2C2O4/(NH4)2C2O4 moderately reducible(F3),H2O2-HNO3 organic extractable(F4),and HCl acid soluble residue (F5).Analyses of the extracts were performed by flame atomic absorption spectrometry.To indicate the degree of risk of toxic elements,risk assessment code and contamination factor have been used.The results of partitioning study indicate that more easily mobilized forms(metals in adsorbed/exchangeable/carbonate forms or bound to amorphous Fe and Mn oxyhydroxides and Fe and Mn oxides) were predominant for copper,zinc,cadmium and lead,which can be used as indicators for input from anthropogenic source.In contrast,the largest amount of chromium and nickel were associated with the inert fraction,which reduced their solubility and rendered them immobile under natural conditions and indicative of natural origins.Most of remaining portion of metals was bound to ferromanganese oxides fraction.It is concluded that sequential extraction results proved useful to distinguish between anthropogenic and geochemical sources of elements in the sediments. 相似文献
416.
芦山地震震后次生滑坡灾害风险评价研究 总被引:2,自引:2,他引:0
以北京时间2013年4月20日8时02分四川省雅安市芦山县7.0级地震为例,对研究区进行震后次生滑坡灾害风险评价.研究在利用芦山地震受灾区航空影像对震后次生滑坡灾害隐患点解译的基础上,选择坡度、坡向、震后累计降雨量和危险植被指数4个评价因子,利用统计分级法对各因子进行敏感性分析,采用层次分析法(Analytic Hierarchy Process,AHP)对评价因子进行权重量化,最后综合运用GIS空间分析技术对芦山地震震后次生滑坡灾害进行风险评价,研究结果将研究区划分为次生滑坡灾害高危险区、中危险区和低危险区. 相似文献
417.
418.
The excessive exposure to high concentrations of fluoride in drinking water can lead to a serious disease called fluorosis. The upstream region of the Yongding River is an ecological protection area for Beijing. Some studies have reported that there is a high concentration of fluoride in the groundwater in this area. However, there are few data on the distribution of fluoride in surface water and health risk assessments in this area. In this study, the fluoride concentrations were determined by using the spectrophotometric method using data from 2013 to 2017 from 9 surface water quality monitoring stations in the upper reaches of the Yongding River. The health risks of fluoride were assessed using the approach developed by the United States Environmental Protection Agency(US EPA). The results indicated that the fluoride content in the drinking water ranged from 0.30 to 1.50 mg L~(-1), with an average of 0.86 mg L~(-1). In total, 22.7% of the analyzed samples exceeded the Chinese limit of 1.0 mg L~(-1) for fluoride, and 5.5% of samples had less than the permissible limit of 0.5 mg L~(-1). Higher fluoride concentrations and fluorosis hotspots were found to be predominately located downstream of the Yanghe River close to the Guanting Reservoir, where 71.4% of samples exceeded the limit of 1.0 mg/L~(-1). The spatial distribution of high fluoride concentrations was found to be primarily determined by industry. The hazard quotient(HQ) index for children, teenagers and adults indicated that 19.6%, 15.6%, and 5.1% of the samples in the upper reaches of the Yongding River, respectively, posed health hazards to the associated groups. Furthermore, the HQ index more than 1 for children, teenagers and adults had values of 64.3%, 56.1%, and 19.4%, respectively, in samples from the downstream region of the Yanghe River. Therefore, there are potential risks of dental and skeletal fluorosis in the upper river reaches of the Yongding River. It is imperative to take measures to reduce the fluoride pollution in surface water and control fluorosis. Action should be taken to improve the disposal of industrial waste. 相似文献
419.
Owing to the increasing attention placed on problems concerning site pollution that environmental geotechnics deals with, an implementation of Tier2 risk assessment (forward and backward mode) is proposed and developed in a computer spreadsheet. Consistently with a Tier 2 approach, contaminant migration is described by analytical solutions of transport models using site-specific parameters. The calculations are implemented with Microsoft Excel® while the user interfaces, which manage the various worksheets, were built with Visual Basic®. The spreadsheet was validated by comparing it with other available software that implement the same model for a given migration pathway. In the present version, the computer tool is consistent with Italian guidelines for Tiers 2 risk assessment. However, the tool can be easily adapted to comply with different regulations and recommendations. Some illustrative examples of applications are given in the paper: a case study of risk assessment for contaminated site is illustrated and a sensitivity analyses of transport factors to site-specific parameters is presented. 相似文献
420.
Phytoplankton assemblages from tropical (Goa) and temperate (UK) locations were exposed to a 28 day dark period, followed by a period of re-exposure to light. During this time phytoplankton survival and changes in nutrient concentrations were mapped. The tropical plankton water samples showed high nutrient levels after the dark period which were utilised by cells during the re-exposure period. UK experiments looked at the effect of three different water types on population recovery after the 28 day dark period, and differences due to seasonal effects.The population growth observed during the re-exposure period in the tropical population was comparable to that of the temperate population. Water type affected recovery and of the three tested media fresh seawater promoted the highest levels of growth. Seasonality had a significant influence on species survival. Understanding the effects of all these factors can aid the development of effective risk assessments in ballast water management. 相似文献