Theory and experimental study for sliding isolators with variable curvature

Because a conventional isolation system with constant isolation frequency is usually a long‐period dynamic system, its seismic response is likely to be amplified in earthquakes with strong long‐period wave components, such as near‐fault ground motions. Seismic isolators with variable mechanical properties may provide a promising solution to alleviate this problem. To this end, in this work sliding isolators with variable curvature (SIVC) were studied experimentally. An SIVC isolator is similar to a friction pendulum system (FPS) isolator, except that its sliding surface has variable curvature rather being spherical. As a result, the SIVC's isolation stiffness that is proportional to the curvature becomes a function of the isolator displacement. By appropriately designing the geometry of the sliding surface, the SIVC is able to possess favorable hysteretic behavior. In order to prove the applicability of the SIVC concept, several prototype SIVC isolators, whose sliding surfaces are defined by a sixth‐order polynomial function, were fabricated and tested in this study. A cyclic element test on the prototype SIVC isolators and a shaking table test on an SIVC isolated steel frame were all conducted. The results of both tests have verified that the prototype SIVC isolators do indeed have the hysteretic property of variable stiffness as prescribed by the derived formulas in this study. Moreover, it is also demonstrated that the proposed SIVC is able to effectively reduce the isolator drift in a near‐fault earthquake with strong long‐period components, as compared with that of an FPS system with the same friction coefficient. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Interaction of solitary waves with emergent, rigid vegetation

In this study, solitary wave interaction with emergent, rigid vegetation was studied numerically and experimentally. Laboratory experiments were carried out in a wave flume with vegetation models of different lengths and porosities; the Boussinesq equations with the effects of the vegetation being modeled by a quadratic drag law are used to simulate the wave scattering by and the wave propagation through vegetation. Effects of incident wave height, vegetation density, and vegetation length are discussed. An empirical expression for the mean drag coefficient of emergent, rigid vegetation is presented and compared with other available data. The results are useful for studying tsunami hazard mitigation by coastal forests.     

竖向地震动对滑动摩擦隔震桥梁结构地震反应的影响

利用接触摩擦单元建立了滑动摩擦隔震桥梁支座在竖向地震动作用下的有限元模型,通过算例讨论了竖向地震动对不同支座摩擦系数和不同刚度(墩径)滑动摩擦隔震桥梁地震反应的影响,初步探讨了竖向地震动的激励方向对分析结果的影响,分析结果表明,竖向地震动对滑动摩擦隔震桥梁结构的地震反应有较大的影响,在竖向地震动较为明显地区的滑动摩擦隔震桥梁结构设计时,应予以考虑。     

Comprehensive precursor anomaly research based on earthquake corresponding relevancy spectrum

With the aim to the quantification of anomaly identification and extraction for observed or analyzed records, we present two statistical methods of earthquake corresponding relevancy spectrum(ECRS)and sliding mean relevancy (SMR).With ECRS method,we can obtain the abnormal confidence attribute of data in different value ranges.Based on the relevancy spectrum in different studied time-intervals,we convert the original time sequence into relevancy time sequence, and can obtain the SMR time series by using the...     

A new friction law for sliding rigid blocks under cyclic loading

A rigid block sliding down an inclined plane under the action of gravity was monitored with accelerometers and an LVDT to investigate how the transition from static to kinetic friction develops. Once the transition patterns were identified, experiments were carried out to study the response of a dynamically excited rigid block sliding down the inclined plane of a shaking table. Harmonic time series were used as input motions. The laboratory results allowed the definition of a continuous friction law to model the continuous variation of the friction from its static to kinetic condition. This law was implemented into the commercial 3D distinct element code 3DEC to numerically reproduce the experiments carried out, thus validating the friction law. Afterwards, the friction law was used to evaluate the sliding due to the kinetics of the block. Three cases were analyzed: constant friction coefficient, Coulomb friction law and the proposed friction law. These computations were compared to laboratory measurements. It is found that permanent displacements computed by considering the new law are in better agreement with laboratory measurements.     

岩质边坡平面滑动的模糊可靠度分析

综合考虑了边坡平边滑动的随机性和模糊性。根据工程实际确定结构功能函数的概率密度函数及表征边坡稳定性的隶属函数,提出了边坡失稳的模糊概率和边坡稳定性模糊可靠度的计算方法,并计算了模糊可靠度的置信区间,具有一定的实际意义。     

Windows下的土坡稳定性分析研究

利用CAD二次开发技术,对边坡进行稳定性分析,采用的计算方法为瑞典圆弧滑面条分法。通过编程计算,能得到该边坡的任意滑面的安全系数和最危险滑面位置及其安全系数,该程序有良好的Windows风格的用户界面,直观、形象的计算过程,简单明了的输出结果,是进行边坡稳定分析的新选择     

并联基础隔震结构的地震随机响应分析

运用随机振动理论,分析了地震作用下并联基础隔震结构层间最大位移的概率统计特性,导出了其均值和均方差的计算公式。选用一个采用并联基础隔震的4层钢筋混凝土框架作为数值算例,通过地震随机响应分析,得出了隔震结构各层层间最大位移的均值及均方差响应,通过增大上部结构自振频率与隔震结构自振频率的比值以及增大隔震层的摩擦屈服剪力都可以降低隔震层最大位移的均值响应。     

并联基础隔震体系的隔震层力学特性研究

并联基础隔震结构是由橡胶隔震支座与摩擦滑移隔震支座并联组合形成的隔震结构,结构中两种型式的隔震支座相互取长补短,可以有效地降低隔震结构的造价。由于两种隔震支座竖向刚度的不同,在地震作用下,隔震层发生水平位移时,将引起轴力由橡胶隔震支座向摩擦滑移支座转移,这种轴力的重新分配对整个系统是有利的,使系统可以根据水平地震作用的大小来改变系统本身的耗能能力。根据合理的假设,推导了该种结构隔震支座的轴力随水平位移的变化关系,得出摩擦滑移隔震支座的力与位移曲线呈蝶形的结论。     

构造带综放工作面支架异常压力机理探讨

针对多个综放采场出现的支架立柱压爆、油缸变形等异常矿压显现,通过对综放采场上覆岩层的运动范围及运动特点、顶板结构动态稳定性的分析,探讨了综放工作面异常压力产生的机理。得出了顶板结构局部铰接失稳（滑落失稳）是造成异常压力主要原因的结论。由于滑落失稳的原因不同,可分为水浸蚀型、地质构造型和顶板失稳型。通过对综放采场支架作用力的分析,给出了计算异常压力的公式。利用顶板结构动态稳定性判断准则,可对异常压力的类型进行判别,从而进一步确定异常压力的计算方法,为采场支架选型和现场控制异常压力提供理论依据。