青藏高原东北缘活动构造与共和盆地高温热异常形成机制

构造作用是影响地球深部内热向地表传输和热能再分配过程的关键因素之一。青藏高原东北缘共和盆地发现高温地热资源,其热源成因机制一直是研究焦点。为理解构造作用对地热资源分布的控制过程,本文选取共和盆地高温地热异常区,分析边界断裂构造性质、活动期次、演化历程,结合钻井、大地电磁和背景噪声成像地球物理异常特征,提出新生代构造演化和地热异常形成的耦合关系。认为:1)青藏高原东北缘共和盆地及周缘变形区形成于昆仑断裂和海源断裂大型活动左旋走滑作用的滑动消减带;2)共和盆地新生代以来经历中新世(12–6 Ma)旋转泛湖盆凹陷、上新世—第四纪(6–3 Ma)盆内张扭变形两期主要演化阶段;3)共和盆地上地壳发育的与高温相关的地球物理低速-高导异常层(Vs<3.2km/s,R<10Ω·m)是主导热源;4)上新世持续左旋走滑变形导致的岩石圈隆起变形是深部热能向浅层传输的主要动力学机制,浅部热能聚集成热过程至少延续到了3Ma;5)预测青藏高原东北缘与共和盆地具有类似构造演化性质的次生盆地具有高温地热资源发育的条件。     

Determination of the early Paleozoic accretionary complex in Southwestern Yunnan,China: Implications for the tectonic evolution of the Proto-Tethys Ocean

Accretionary complex study provides important knowledge on the subduction and the geodynamic processes of the oceanic plate, which represents the ancient ocean basin extinction location. Nevertheless, there exist many disputes on the age, material source, and tectonic attribute of the Lancang Group, located in Southwest Yunnan, China. In this paper, the LA-ICP-MS detrital zircon U–Pb chronology of nine metamorphic rocks in the Lancang Group was carried out. The U–Pb ages of the three detrital zircons mainly range from 590–550 Ma, 980–910 Ma, and 1150–1490 Ma, with the youngest detrital zircons having a peak age of about 560 Ma. The U–Pb ages of the six detrital zircons mainly range from 440–460 Ma and 980–910 Ma, and the youngest detrital zircon has a peak age of about 445 Ma. In the Lancang Group, metamorphic acidic volcanic rocks, basic volcanic rocks, intermediate-acid intrusive rocks, and high-pressure metamorphic rocks are exposed in the form of tectonic lens in schist, rendering typical melange structural characteristics of “block + matrix”. Considering regional deformation and chronology, material composition characteristics, and the previous data, this study thinks the Lancang Group may be an early Paleozoic tectonic accretionary complex formed by the eastward subduction of the Changning-Menglian Proto-Tethys Ocean, which provides an important constraint for the Tethys evolution.©2023 China Geology Editorial Office.     

扬子北缘奥陶纪—志留纪之交泥岩地球化学特征及其源区、构造背景

近年来,扬子地块北缘奥陶纪—志留纪之交沉积构造背景一直存在不同认识。本文对渝东北城口厚坪五峰组—龙马溪组砂、泥岩进行系统采样和主、微量元素测试分析,从地球化学特征角度,来探讨该时期砂、泥岩物源源区及其构造环境。地球化学特征显示,五峰组—龙马溪组砂、泥岩主量元素SiO2含量为39.57%～87.16%,多数高于北美页岩,Al2O3含量为3.41%～14.98%,均低于北美页岩,MgO、CaO、MnO2和P2O5含量明显低于北美页岩,相比于四川盆地川南长宁—双河五峰组—龙马溪组泥岩,渝东北城口具有高SiO2和低MgO、CaO的特点,表明城口五峰组—龙马溪组泥岩碎屑组分主要以粉砂质和硅质等陆缘碎屑为主;微量元素Sc、Sr、Co、Zr、Hf较北美页岩相对亏损,V、U、Sb、Ba相对富集,Cr、Ni、Nb、Ta含量相近。稀土元素北美页岩标准化均表现为略微向右倾斜的配分模式,多数具有δCe负异常,观音桥段和龙马溪组δEu正异常指示了该时期存在海底热液活动。砂、泥岩主、微量元素的物源和构造背景图解表明沉积物源区源岩具有多样的物质组分,以长英质岩为主,同时混入了花岗质和安山质岩石组分;源岩形成时的构造背景主要为被动陆缘环境,少数为活动陆缘和大陆岛弧环境,这一结果与扬子地块北缘新元古代—早古生代处于被动大陆边缘的区域地质背景一致。     

Zircon U-Pb ages,geochemistry, and Sr-Nd isotope ratios for early cretaceous magmatic rocks,southern Saqqez,northwestern Iran

Sanandaj-Sirjan Zone (SaSZ) is one of the most dynamic structural zones of Iran, which is divided into three main parts: Northern, Central and Southern. The northern SaSZ has been affected by deformation due to fault activities near the Zagros suture zone, and mylonitic structures have overprinted these rocks and was affected by three episodes of magma injection during the Permian-Carboniferous, Early Cretaceous and Cenozoic. In this study, the rock units investigated that have been considered Precambrian-Paleozoic basement on geological maps. This paper considers zircon U-Pb dating, whole-rock chemistry and Sr-Nd isotope ratios of Cretaceous magmatic rocks in the N-SaSZ to develop a new geodynamic model for the evolution of these magmatic rocks. The new zircon U-Pb ages obtained in this study show that the magmatic rocks crystallized at 115–107 Ma in the Early Cretaceous (Aptian-Albian) and are much younger than the supposed ages presented on geological maps. This complex classified into two main groups of basic-intermediate and acidic rocks based on SiO₂ contents. The whole-rock chemistry of the basaltic and andesitic rocks, which are interbedded with marine shallow-water sedimentary deposits, shows their typical calc-alkaline affinity and subordinate tholeiitic series on an active margin. The positive ε_Nd(t) of approximately +4 for some undifferentiated basalts with negative Ti and Nb anomalies shows the relation of these rocks to calc-alkaline magmatism and was generated by the partial melting of subcontinental lithospheric mantle (SCLM). Granitoid rocks with some affinity to the peraluminous group with a negative ε_Nd(t) value (-3.2) mainly and negative Ti and Nb anomalies plot in an active margin tectonic setting. Simultaneous mafic calc-alkaline volcanism and the generation of granitic intrusions in the Early Cretaceous could have occurred on an active margin. Due to the absence of Jurassic arc related magmatic rocks in northern SaSZ and presence of Cretaceous calc alkaline magmatic activity, which are not observed in the central SaSZ, support the idea that the subduction of the Neotethys beneath the northern SaSZ started in the Early Cretaceous.     

钦杭结合带中段龙头寨群黄竹洞组地质时代的新证据:流纹岩夹层的SHRIMP锆石U-Pb年龄及地质意义

为进一步查明钦(州湾)-杭(州湾)结合带中段龙头寨群的地质时代及龙头寨群黄竹洞组与上覆南迳组的接触关系,在野外考察、代表性剖面测制的基础上,对粤北始兴司前龙头寨群黄竹洞组变质岩系顶部首次发现的火山岩夹层的2个弱变质流纹岩样品进行了SHRIMP锆石U-Pb年龄测定,获得~(206)Pb/~(238)U加权平均年龄分别为436.2±2.1Ma (n=15,MSWD=1.60)和438.7±2.1Ma(n=16,MSWD=1.17),指示黄竹洞组的地质时代属晚奥陶世-早志留世,为黄竹洞组的地质时代归属提供了证据。结合上覆南迳组碎斑熔岩SHRIMP锆石U-Pb年龄为443.6±5.4Ma,说明黄竹洞组火山岩夹层与南迳组火山岩的锆石U-Pb年龄在误差范围内一致,属同期火山活动的产物,为黄竹洞组与南迳组的接触关系属整合接触提供了时代约束。粤北龙头寨群黄竹洞组顶部火山岩及南迳组火山岩系的发现和地质时代的厘定,为钦-杭结合带中段晚奥陶世-早志留世龙头寨群属活动大陆边缘沉积提供了依据,暗示钦-杭结合带中段加里东造山带属俯冲-碰撞造山带。     

Characteristics and distribution patterns of reef complexes on the carbonate platform margin in deep water areas: the western South China Sea

As a potential oil and gas reservoir, reef complexes have been a research focus from petroleum geologists for a long time. There are favorable conditions for the development of reef complexes in the South China Sea; however, their internal structures, evolution and distribution are still poorly understood. Based on 2D and 3D seismic data, the internal structures and evolution patterns of the reef complexes on the carbonate platform margin in the deep water areas over the western South China Sea were studied in detail. The result shows that two types of reef complexes, i.e., fault controlling platform margin reef complexes and ramp reef complexes have been developed in the study area. The reef complexes have independent or continuous mound or lenticular seismic reflections, with three internal structures (i.e., aggrading, prograding and retrograding structures). There are different growth rates during the evolution of the reef complexes, resulting in the formation of catch-up reefs, keep-up reefs and quick step reefs. The study also reveals that different platform margin reef complexes have different internal structures and distributions, because of the different platform types. These results may be applied to the exploration and prediction of carbonate platform margin reef complexes in other areas that are similar to the study area.     

The Origin of HIMU in the SW Pacific: Evidence from Intraplate Volcanism in Southern New Zealand and Subantarctic Islands

This paper presents field, geochemical and isotopic (Sr, Nd,Pb) results on basalts from the Antipodes, Campbell and ChathamIslands, New Zealand. New ⁴⁰Ar/³⁹Ar age determinations alongwith previous K–Ar dates reveal three major episodes ofvolcanic activity on Chatham Island (85–82, 41–35,5 Ma). Chatham and Antipodes samples comprise basanite, alkaliand transitional basalts that have HIMU-like isotopic (²⁰⁶Pb/²⁰⁴Pb>20·3–20·8, ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr <0·7033,¹⁴³Nd/¹⁴⁴Nd >0·5128) and trace element affinities(Ce/Pb 28–36, Nb/U 34–66, Ba/Nb 4–7). Thegeochemistry of transitional to Q-normative samples from CampbellIsland is explained by interaction with continental crust. Thevolcanism is part of a long-lived (100 Myr), low-volume, diffusealkaline magmatic province that includes deposits on the Northand South Islands of New Zealand as well as portions of WestAntarctica and SE Australia. All of these continental areaswere juxtaposed on the eastern margin of Gondwanaland at >83Ma. A ubiquitous feature of mafic alkaline rocks from this regionis their depletion in K and Pb relative to other highly incompatibleelements when normalized to primitive mantle values. The inversionof trace element data indicates enriched mantle sources thatcontain variable proportions of hydrous minerals. We proposethat the mantle sources represent continental lithosphere thathost amphibole/phlogopite-rich veins formed by plume- and/orsubduction-related metasomatism between 500 and 100 Ma. Thestrong HIMU signature (²⁰⁶Pb/²⁰⁴Pb >20·5) is consideredto be an in-grown feature generated by partial dehydration andloss of hydrophile elements (Pb, Rb, K) relative to more magmaphileelements (Th, U, Sr) during short-term storage at the base ofthe lithosphere. KEY WORDS: continental alkaline basalts; lithospheric mantle, mantle metasomatism; New Zealand; OIB, HIMU; Sr, Nd and Pb isotopes; West Antarctica     

柴达木盆地西缘砂岩型铀矿目标层地球物理响应特征

柴达木盆地西缘地区位于柴西坳陷构造带,断裂构造活动强烈,油气广泛分布,具有较大的铀成矿潜力.为研究砂岩型铀矿找矿目的层地球物理特征与铀成矿关系,先基于地球物理测井响应特征,查明区内砂体发育以及放射性异常范围,分析铀成矿环境;再结合能谱-地质剖面,研究不同地层岩性放射性特征;采用化学分析与伽玛测井,分析铀矿化段岩体中烃类...     

青岛垭口—八仙墩变质海相碎屑岩的属性和构造意义

青岛垭口—八仙墩变质海相碎屑岩分布面积大,保留了原生的各种沉积构造,为一套浊积岩系,应归属于扬子板块上奥陶统,建议命名为八仙墩组。浊积岩系中的砾岩含花岗质砾石、角闪岩砾石和长英质砾石,可以为复原上奥陶世扬子板块大陆边缘沉积环境和研究物源区大地构造背景提供良好的研究素材。岩石地球化学成份判别为硬砂岩和页岩,也佐证了本套地层为浊积岩系。弱的Ce/Ce~*负异常,说明了海相沉积成因,也表明陆源碎屑物对沉积岩的主导作用。(Fe_2O_3+MgO)-TiO_2图解、La-Th-Sc图解和Th-Sc-Zr/10图解表明本套碎屑岩具有活动大陆边缘背景和大陆岛弧的共同特征,但从比较高的La丰度、Ce丰度和∑REE丰度,可以判断八仙墩碎屑岩为活动大陆边缘背景下发育的浊积岩系。通过露头的构造地质分析,推断本套地层是在扬子板块陆壳物质向华北板块下深俯冲过程期间或其后扬子板块陆壳上部盖层继续向华北板块仰冲就位的,在超高压变质岩折返时经历了由北向南的逆冲。本套碎屑岩明确指示在南黄海盆地深部应该有古生界奥陶统的地层,盆地深部的同一套地层应该具有油气储层和盖层的性能。     

中国大陆构造及动力学若干问题的认识

中国(东亚)大陆受特提斯、古亚洲和太平洋构造体系的制约,具有复杂的地体构架和特殊的岩石圈结构。本文从地学前沿——大陆动力学的视野出发,围绕中国大陆构造及动力学四个方面的研究,总结已有的进展并提出新的思考:①中国大陆板块下的构造和整个地幔运动的构架:地震层析资料揭示西太平洋板片向西俯冲到东亚大陆之下,其倾角逐渐减小,最后近水平地插进400～600km深度的地幔过渡带中,成为箕状几何形态的超深俯冲板片。印度岩石圈板片超深俯冲至青藏高原之下～800km的深度,在喜马拉雅西构造结部位发生双向不对称深俯冲,印度岩石圈板片向东俯冲至东构造结东侧之下300～500km的深度。②中国大陆变质基底的再活化:中国大陆的大部分陆块未受显生宙以来构造、变质和岩浆事件的改造与激活,在冈瓦纳大陆北缘的印度陆块和阿拉伯陆块北缘还发育有形成于泛非期(530～470Ma)的造山带,其影响范围至高喜马拉雅、拉萨地体和三江地区。新生代的变质活化普遍出现在喜马拉雅、南迦巴瓦、拉萨地体和三江-缅甸地区,最新的变质年龄仅2～1Ma(南迦巴瓦)。③中国主要高压-超高压变质带的大地构造背景及深俯冲-折返机制:中国及邻区含榴辉岩的高压-超高压(HP/UHP)变质带有洋壳(深)俯冲和陆壳(深)俯冲之分。青藏高原中,大部分洋壳俯冲形成的高压/超高压变质带与原-古特提斯洋盆中诸多微陆块之间的小洋盆的汇聚碰撞有关,陆壳深俯冲作用有两种机制,它们分别是大陆块之间剪式碰撞和撕裂式岩石圈舌形板片的深俯冲。④中国大陆造山带的深部物质可经3类机制挤出,即深部地壳物质"牙膏式"挤出、侧向挤出和"挤压转换式"挤出。