Beidou/GPS/GLONASS多系统卫星定位数据质量比较分析

利用多星座实验（the multi-GNSS experiment,MGEX）监测网的观测数据分别从可见卫星数、精度衰减因子（dilution of precision,DOP）、多路径效应、信噪比、静态/动态精密单点定位（precise point positioning,PPP）几个方面对北斗卫星导航系统（BeiDou Navigation Satellite System,BDS）/准天顶卫星系统（Quasi-Zenith Satellite System,QZSS）及其组合系统在中国和日本及周边地区的定位性能进行评估与分析。分析结果表明：QZSS与BDS系统组合,卫星数增加,能提供较好的空间几何构型分布,从而保证了定位的精度、可靠性和可用性;由于QZSS卫星的星座结构与BDS卫星类似,其多路径效应的变化规律表现出与BDS卫星一致性的特点;BDS和QZSS卫星各频点信号的信噪比与高度角相关趋势几乎相同,相同高度角条件下,地球中轨道（medium earth orbit,MEO）卫星信噪比要比倾斜地球同步轨道（inclined geosynchronous orbit,IGSO）卫星高2~3 dBHz;静态PPP和动态PPP方面,在高度角较大时（40°）,BDS+QZSS组合比BDS单系统在低高度角情形下改善更为明显。E、N和U方向静态PPP改善率可达20%以上,动态PPP改善率可达30%以上。QZSS系统卫星对日本、中国以及周边区域BDS定位具有一定的补充和增强作用,在信号易遮挡的复杂环境（如城市、建筑物密集区、山区、树林等）下,具有较好的应用价值。     

准晶体的构筑原理及微粒分数维结构模型

准晶体的原子构造中两个原理在起作用,即二十面体原理和黄金中值原理。二十面体原理是指大小相近的原子形成孤立的十二次配位体时,二十面体配位形式在能量上最有利。黄金中值原理是指在准晶体中原子的排列符合黄金中值律。这两个原理适用于由少量原子构成的体系,也适用于某些生物的结构。运用这两个原理于准晶体微粒,我们获得了最简单的准晶体结构模型。此模型可以解释Al-Mn准晶体的高分辨图的所有细节。此模型与Hiraga模型以及Bursill和彭菊琳模型都不相同。在此模型中Al_(12)Mn二十面体不是共棱的。这一模型具有分数维结构的待征,因此称之为准晶体的微粒分数维结构模型。     

Dependence of Atmospheric Transparency Variations on Solar Activity

The atmospheric spectral transparency variations at 344 nm and 369 nm, averaged at eight Soviet stations between 69°N and 55°N, have been compared with sunspot numbers, or Wolf numbers (WN). The data were taken for the seasonal interval May-August during the period 1972 – 1989. Good negative correlations –0.76 and –0.82 have been found. The correlation coefficient between aerosol extinction at 344 nm and WN is equal to +0.75. Insignificant correlation is found for the transparency variations at 344 nm for stations situated to the south of latitude 50°. The best correlation with WN for both transparency and aerosol extinction at northern stations occurs for the shift of WN ahead of the optical parameters by 6 months. The connection of transparency with cosmic rays in Apatity is also examined. It displays a sign opposite to that for WN, smaller values of the correlation coefficient, and an improbable shift of transparency ahead of cosmic ray intensity. The relative changes of the transparency during a solar cycle can be evaluated at 10% in the ozone-free UVA region     

Mixing caused by lateral internal seiching within a partially mixed estuary

The salinity fluctuations at an STD near the halocline in Southampton Water have been spectrally analysed. Mixing is shown to commence at a layer Richardson number of about 20. The predominant energy inputs have periods of 7–9 and 3·5–4·5 min. These motions arise from lateral internal seiching and it is considered that they are produced by interaction of the surface seiche with the shallow side of the estuary. The wavelengths of the standing wave are calculated to be about 120 and 60 m respectively, and these compare well with echo-sounding surveys of the elevation of the halocline.     

Surface vibration due to a sequence of high speed moving harmonic rectangular loads

The transmission of vibrations over the surface of the ground, due to high-speed moving, vertical harmonic rectangular loads, is investigated theoretically. The problem is three-dimensional and the interior of the ground is modelled as an elastic half-space or a multilayered ground. The transformed solutions are obtained using the Fourier transform on the space variable. A new damping model in the spatial wavenumber domain, presented in Lefeuve-Mesgouez et al. [J. Sound. Vibr. 231 (2000) 1289] is used. Numerical results for the displacements on the surface are presented for loads moving with speeds up to and beyond the Rayleigh wave speed of the half-space.