东亚-太平洋型季节内演变和维持机理研究

利用850hPa的纬向风异常建立一个逐候东亚-太平洋(East Asian Pacific,EAP)型指数,研究其季节内演变特征,发现东亚-太平洋型经向波列是东亚夏季风季节内变化的主要模态.其演变过程为:扰动首先出现在北太平洋中部,并通过正压不稳定过程从基本气流中获得能量而发展,在高层罗斯贝波能量向南频散,激发热带对流异常和赤道罗斯贝波,并相互锁相,因赤道罗斯贝波受β效应影响而共同向西移动.热带对流和环流异常在菲律宾附近达到最强,此时在东亚沿岸出现经向三极型波列,此后中低纬度异常继续向西北方向移动,使降水异常在长江流域能维持较长时间.东亚-太平洋型在东亚发展和维持有以下原因:首先,菲律宾暖水上空的对流和低层环流之间存在正反馈;其次,由于海陆热力差异导致暖大陆和冷海洋之间存在特殊的纬向温度梯度和北风垂直切变,东亚-太平洋型在经向上有向北倾斜的斜压结构,能通过斜压能量转换从平均有效位能中获得能量,同时,也能从经向温度梯度的平均有效位能中获得能量.     

矿产资源／储量新旧分类标准对比

列举了新旧矿产资源储量分类及相关的定义，并把二者在勘查阶段，对矿体的控制程度，工程密度，储量类别，矿床的经济评价和可行性评价等方面加以对比，指出了相同之处与不相同之处。     

Contrast in Fluid M etallogeny between the Tianmashan Au-S Deposit and the Datuanshan Cu Deposit in Tongling, Anhui Province

A comprehensive contrast of ore-forming geological background and ore-forming fluid features, especially fluid ore-forming processes, has been performed between the Tianmashan and the Datuanshan ore deposits in Tongling, Anhui Province. The major reasons for the formation of the stratabound skarn Au-S ore deposit in Tianmashan and the stratabound skarn Cu ore deposit in Datuanshan are analyzed in accordance with this contrast. The magmatic pluton in Tianmashan is rich in Au and poor in Cu, but that in Datuanshan is rich in Cu and Au. The wallrock strata in Tianmashan contain Au-bearing pyrite layers with some organic substance but those in Datuanshan contain no such layers. Moreover, the ore-forming fluids in Tianmashan are dominantly magmatic ones at the oxide and sulfide stages, but those with high content of Cu in Datuanshan are mainly groundwater fluids. In addition, differences in compositional evolution and physicochemical condition variation of the ore-forming fluids result in gradual dispersion     

利用测井曲线绘制煤岩层真厚对比图

采用三次样条函数拟合测井数据，并使用新的采样间隔对其进行采样，将采样数据映射到真厚的钻孔柱状图上，从而绘制出真厚对比图。实际编程中，为保证其拟合精度及计算效率，实际采用的计算步长一般为本层厚度加上下扩展10m。选择采样间隔时，可对测井曲线进行抽稀，以减小数据占用的空间。该方法的使用解决了长期以来地质与测井对比图工作分离、结论出现差异的问题。     

黄河海港动力地貌条件的初步探讨

在黄河海港选址及未来预测中,作者通过海岸动力、悬沙分布、粒度特征、地形对比研究法等分析,获得了黄河口迁离黄河海港附近8年后的海底蚀淤厚度、侵蚀与淤积速率、净余侵蚀总重量、泥沙活动带的活动规律与海岸剖面塑造及其演变的关系,从而为黄河海港的设置与工程布局提供了科学依据。     

Segmentation and classification of high spatial resolution images based on Hölder exponents and variance

Pixel-based or texture-based classification technique individually does not yield an appropriate result in classifying the high spatial resolution remote sensing imagery since it comprises textured and non-textured regions. In this study, Hölder exponents (HE) and variance (VAR) are used together to transform the image for measuring texture. A threshold is derived to segment the transformed image into textured and non-textured regions. Subsequently, the original image is extracted into textured and non-textured regions using this segmented image mask. Afterward, extracted textured region is classified using ISODATA classification algorithm considering HE, VAR, and intensity values of individual pixel of textured region. And extracted non-textured region of the image is classified using ISODATA classification algorithm. In case of non-textured region, HE and VAR value of individual pixel is not considered for classification for significant textural variation is not found among different classes. Consequently, the classified outputs of non-textured and textured regions that are generated independently are merged together to get the final classified image. IKONOS 1 m PAN images are classified using the proposed algorithm, and the classification accuracy is more than 88%.     

流变介质中亚临界扩展前地震孕育过程的能量积累

本文用流变断裂力学研究了地震孕育过程.与弹性力学不同,它是一个不可逆的时空过程.由于介质的粘性,外力功的一部分花在粘性耗散上,只有弹性应变能是地震发生及震后过程可利用的能量.我们将弹性应变能从总能量中分离出来,并就标准线性体给出了简洁公式.以海城地震为例,计算了两个共线不等长断层在地震孕育过程中其周围区域的应力场和能量场的时空变化图象及应变能积累曲线.结果表明,应变能分布复杂,在时间和空间上都很不均匀,能量积累在孕震初期较快而在后期渐趋平缓.由此讨论了某些地震前兆,认为当能量增加速率较大时某些早期前兆可能出现,比如唐山地震10年前出现的某些异常可能就是这种早期前兆表现.     

Ri-μi/μm-Ci dependent oblateness of deformed pebbles in the Baraitha conglomerate,Central India and tectonic implications

Strain analysis of the Baraitha conglomerate is attempted by direct measurements on extracted pebbles and by micrometric analysis. The overall deformation is of flattening type, with thek value lower by more than half in the matrix than in the pebbles. The viscosity contrast between pebbles and matrix (μ _i/μ_m) is in the ratio of 2:1 and the bulk deformation appears to be strongly controlled by C_i (concentration of pebbles expressed as percentage). The total shortening (≃35%) in the Baraitha conglomerate is comparable with the shortening accomplished in the folding of the overlying Bijawar Group volcanosedimentary sequence. The bulk strain axesX _t, Y_t andZ _t, as determined from the analysis of the deformed conglomerate, are unsymmetrically oriented with reference to folds formed by oblique flexural-slip with neitherX _t norY _tcoincident with the fold hinges. The lack of transection of folds by cleavage again suggests flattening deformation. The extension in theY _tdirection is greater in the matrix than in the pebbles.     

Numerical Modelings of the Climatic Effects of the Land-Sea Distribution and Topography

The effects of the land-sea contrast and the topography on the climatic properties are simulated in this paper by use of a p- σ incorporated coordinate system model in a zonal domain. In this paper we firstly discuss the statistical features of the model and find that the capability of the model is stable, with the same land-sea distribution and to-pography seven monthly mean climate states are close to one another, their variance is even less than the initial one. Secondly, we focally discuss the effects of the land-sea contrast and the topography on the modeled climate fields, It is pointed out that the land-sea contrast and the topography influence the atmosphere mainly through the heating ef-fect and the former has larger influences on the simulated large scale climate fields than the latter.     

新标准下空气质量预报指导产品对比检验

为了解和掌握上级指导产品对石家庄市空气质量预报的适用性,进一步提高石家庄市空气质量预报的准确性,利用国家气象中心(NMC)、北京区域气象中心(BJ)和河北省气象局(HB)空气质量预报产品,对石家庄市夏季4种主要污染物PM_(2.5)、PM_(10)、O_3和SO_2的预报进行了对比检验,结果表明:1)NMC对4种污染物的预报效果均逊于HB和BJ的,对PM_(10)、PM_(2.5)和SO_2的预报值明显较实况偏大,尤其在发生重污染天气时,对PM_(10)和PM_(2.5)的空报率高达90%以上;2)HB对PM_(10)和SO_2的预报效果好于BJ的,对SO_2的预报值与实况值均在一个等级范围内,发生重污染天气时,对PM_(10)的预报效果好于BJ的,预报值更接近于实况,但对重污染向优、良转折天气的预报值偏高;3)BJ预报PM_(2.5)和O_3的效果好于HB的,对O_3的0级误差级别预报准确率高达90.5%,对PM_(2.5)优到轻度污染等级的预报效果较好,但对重污染天气的预报值低于实况。