Relationship between the seismicity and geologic structure of the Blanco Transform Fault Zone

Morphologic studies of an oceanic transform, the Blanco Transform Fault Zone (BTFZ), have shown it to consist of a series of extensional basins that offset the major strike-slip faults. The largest of the extensional basins, the Cascadia Depression, effectively divides the transform into a northwest segment, composed of several relatively short strike-slip faults, and a southeast segment dominated by fewer, longer faults. The regional seismicity distribution (m _b 4.0) and frequency-magnitude relationships (b-values) of the BTFZ show that the largest magnitude events are located on the southeast segment. Furthermore, estimates of the cumulative seismic moment release and seismic moment release rate along the southeast segment are significantly greater than that of the northwest segment. These observations suggest that slip along the southeast segment is accommodated by a greater number of large magnitude earthquakes. Comparison of the seismic moment rate, derived from empirical estimates, with the seismic moment rate determined from plate motion constraints suggests a difference in the seismic coupling strength between the segments. This difference in coupling may partially explain the disparity in earthquake size distribution. However, the results appear to confirm the relation between earthquake size and fault length, observed along continental strike-slip faults, for this oceanic transform.     

汶川地震断裂带科学钻探（WFSD）项目钻探和测井课题的组织实施与管理

介绍了汶川地震断裂带科学钻探（WFSD）项目概况和其中科学钻探与科学测井课题的进展情况,分析了汶川地震断裂带科学钻探的特点,对WFSD-1、WFSD-2和WFSD-3-P孔的组织管理方式进行了总结,借鉴中国大陆科学钻探工程（CCSD）项目的组织管理经验,探讨提出了对探索性强、地层复杂、设计变更频繁的科学钻探组织管理的改进措施。     

太行山东麓汤西断裂南段活动特征分析

采用槽探、年代样品测试、阶地调查和形变测量监测等方法，对太行山东麓汤西断裂南段进行研究，分析其活动特征。结果表明，汤西断裂发育于中更新世，历经多次活动，断裂并未上延到上更新统地层中，其南段的活动强度较高，最新活动年代为中更新世；汤西断裂西代村场地的垂直形变监测（1999~2014年）结果存在异常，综合监测点数据和区域新构造特征分析发现，该异常可能是研究区区域形变场的反映，并非由汤西断裂活动引起。     

商丹断裂带(河南段)构造变形特征及其找矿意义

商丹断裂带是一条多期次活动的大型断裂带,区域上也是大型金属矿的赋存带,对金属矿产具有重要的控制作用.文章以商丹断裂带(河南段)为研究对象,在基于孔沟至寨根一带构造剖面的宏观特征和显微构造特征解析的基础上,对研究区控矿构造和机理提出了新的认识.综合研究表明,商丹断裂带(河南段)具多期活动特征,整体呈现"正花状构造"样式....     

Formation and alteration of plagiogranites in an ultramafic-hosted detachment fault at the Mid-Atlantic Ridge (ODP Leg 209)

We examined small-scale shear zones in drillcore samples of abyssal peridotites from the Mid-Atlantic Ridge. These shear zones are associated with veins consisting of chlorite + actinolite/tremolite assemblages, with accessory phases zircon and apatite, and they are interpreted as altered plagiogranite melt impregnations, which originate from hydrous partial melting of gabbroic intrusion in an oceanic detachment fault. Ti-in-zircon thermometry yields temperatures around 820°C for the crystallization of the evolved melt. Reaction path modeling indicates that the alteration assemblage includes serpentine of the adjacent altered peridotites. Based on the model results, we propose that formation of chlorite occurred at higher temperatures than serpentinization, thus leading to strain localization around former plagiogranites during alteration. The detachment fault represents a major pathway for fluids through the oceanic crust, as evidenced by extremely low δ¹⁸O of altered plagiogranite veins (+3.0–4.2‰) and adjacent serpentinites (+ 2.6–3.7‰). The uniform oxygen isotope data indicate that fluid flow in the detachment fault system affected veins and adjacent host serpentinites likewise. Electronic supplementary material  The online version of this article (doi:) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.     

Offset dependent amplitudes: Fault curvature effects and dip move-out corrections

Equations have been presented previously which predict that reflector curvature can affect significantly seismic reflection amplitudes at both zero and nonzero source-receiver offsets. Here the fact that faults are generally concave-upward is used to examine the curvature effect for compaction-driven faults which the sediments have both exponential and logarithmic porosity decreases with increasing depth.The curvature effect is generally larger over upwardly concave reflectors where amplitudes can either increase with offset (exposed focus) or decrease with offset (buried focus). The magnitude of the effect depends on the ratio between the depth to the structure and the radius of curvature of the structure. A phase change of 90° also occurs at a critical offset in the case of an exposed focus concave-upward reflector, with decreasing amplitude at offsets larger than the critical value. Dip move-out (DMO) dominantly removes the amplitude variation with offset due to curvature. These results suggest that when looking for amplitude variations with offset in a fault prospect, DMO should be applied as a preprocessing step. Compaction-driven faults have an exposed focus and, for an exponential variation of porosity with depth, there is a maximum curvature effect at a depth roughly the same as the scaling depth for the porosity. Logarithmic porosity with depth variations suggest a continued increase in the curvature effect of faults with increasing depth, to a maximum amplitude increase of about 35% relative to a plane interface.     

板内逆断层地震破裂的基本特征及分段标志研究

通过对１６ 个板内逆断层地震的基本类型、构造环境、地震地表破裂尺度、几何形态、运动学特征及余震分布图像的研究分析,较系统地归纳了板内逆断层地震破裂的基本特征及分段标志．研究表明：（１） 逆断层破裂往往沿走向延伸较短,常表现为二维面状分布形态;（２） 地震断层未出露地表或仅有部分出露地表;（３） 逆断层地震破裂较走滑断层和正断层产生的地震破裂更为复杂,不仅表现在构成整体破裂带的各个单条破裂的力学性质差异方面,而且表现在几何结构方面．     

利用模板匹配技术检测米尺度岩石断层黏滑实验中的声发射事件

声发射观测是岩石摩擦实验中研究强震孕育机制的重要观测手段之一.传统的声发射观测以触发记录为主,难以捕捉并提取微弱的声发射信号.近年来天然地震学中发展的模板匹配技术可以在连续波形记录中识别出微弱的事件,大大提升事件检测能力.本文发展了适用于多通道连续记录的声发射信号的模板匹配技术,并将该技术应用于分析米尺度岩石断层黏滑失稳过程.研究结果显示：模板匹配技术识别出的声发射数量约为传统方法识别的5倍,相对完备震级降低约0.3.临近失稳,检测目录完备震级以上声发射率表现出幂律增加的特征,且声发射事件聚集在失稳破裂起始点附近.失稳后,检测目录完备震级以上声发射率表现出幂律衰减,其中失稳后早期表现出较慢的衰减速度.另外,失稳后早期声发射事件表现出随对数时间沿断层迁移的趋势.最后,通过与天然地震学观测的结果对比表明,声发射模板匹配识别技术是研究大尺度岩石摩擦滑动失稳过程中前震和余震时空演化规律的有效手段,该技术助于在方法上为室内实验和野外观测进行融合研究提供思路.

     

兰州兴隆山北缘断裂新活动特征的初步研究

兴隆山北缘断裂是兰州盆地南侧边界断裂,也是兰州地区最重要的活动断裂之一,全长约54 km,呈东段NW走向西段近EW走向的弧形断裂.在加里东和燕山运动期,兰州地区在近NE-SW向主压应力下,断裂主要表现为由南西向北东的逆冲活动性质.新生代以来(喜马拉雅运动期),主压应力方向改变为NNE-SSW方向,断裂活动性质也随之发生改变,东段新活动表现为逆左旋运动,西段表现为正左旋运动.断裂的最新活动时代应为晚更新世早～中期,可能与兰州黄河Ⅲ级阶地的形成年代相对应.     

松辽盆地滨北地区区域构造特征及意义——地震长剖面给出的证据

松辽盆地位于西太平洋大陆边缘北部,其主体部分位于黑龙江板块群的中部。松辽盆地整个上部地壳所受到的挤压应力场在南北两大地区存在空间差别。在板块构造理论指导下,利用研究区内的地震长剖面资料,研究松辽盆地滨北地区区域构造特征。通过分析认为,滨北地区东、西部多为隆起或斜坡区,而中部多是凹陷,从南向北,地层沉积厚度逐渐变薄。早期的断层活动导致了凹陷内凹隆相间的构造特点。