Empirical site-specific response-spectra correction factors for the Gubbio basin (central Italy)

Providing quantitative microzonation results that can be taken into account in urban land-use plans is a challenging task that requires collaborative efforts between the seismological and engineering communities. In this study, starting from the results obtained by extensive geophysical and seismological investigations, we propose and apply an approach to the Gubbio basin (Italy) that can be easily implemented for cases of moderate-to-low ground motion and that takes into account not only simple 1D, but also more complicated 3D effects.     

京津地区近50年来水稻播种面积变化及其对降水变化的响应研究

基于滑动－ｔ突变检验结果,对京津两地近５０年来水稻种植面积的变化进行了阶段划分,并分别讨论了各阶段的变化特点。两地水稻种植面积的阶段性均受自然、技术和政策等多方面因素的综合影响。事件相关分析发现,作为人类对隆水变化响应的裟种植面积的变化较降水变化滞后一年,使得年雨量变化与当年水稻种植面积变化之间存在在明显的负相关。     

Effect of food quality on energy uptake

The dynamic energy budget (DEB) theory assumes that the feeding of an organism in relation to food density follows the type-II functional response when food consists of purely digestible organic matter. However when faced with a food source high in inorganic content, an organism needs to adapt physiologically to maximise organic extraction. Indeed filter-feeding marine bivalves inhabiting turbid coastal waters cope with large fluctuations in food quality by selectively ingesting and pseudofaeces production. Data from feeding experiments with the New Zealand greenshell mussel Perna canaliculus have demonstrated that inorganic particles contribute some uncertainty to the estimate of the half-saturation coefficient. Incorporating inorganic matter into the functional response would improve the prediction of energy uptake.     

热稳定κ-卡拉胶酶产生菌Bacillus sp. Car19的发酵条件优化

对一株分泌热稳定κ-卡拉胶酶印尼热泉菌进行了种属鉴定, 并采用响应面法对该菌发酵产酶条件进行了优化。鉴定结果表明, 该菌株属于芽孢杆菌属(Bacillus), 命名为Bacillus sp. Car19(GeneBank: KT865196)。发酵条件优化结果显示, 9个环境因子影响Bacillus sp. Car19产酶量。其中影响Bacillus sp. Car19产酶量的三个主要因素分别为培养温度、培养基中Cu²⁺浓度和培养基中NaCl浓度。综合次要因素对Bacillus sp. Car19产酶影响, Bacillus sp. Car19最佳产酶发酵条件为: 培养温度52.31℃、Cu²⁺浓度6.93 mmol/L、NaCl浓度37.03 g/L, 培养基pH为6, 接种量1%, 培养时间36h, 半乳糖浓度0.3 g/L,硝酸铵浓度7g/L, 卡拉胶浓度0.5g/L。优化后发酵上清液酶活力达到15.21 U/mL, 与优化前相比提高了1.5 倍。     

Reliability analysis of H-infinity control for a container ship in way-point tracking

Efficient control of ships in a designed trajectory is always a significant charge for ship maneuverings. The purpose of this paper is to design a robust H_∞ controller and a reliability analysis for a container ship in a way-point tracking. First, the H_∞ controller is designed for a container ship because of model parameters’ uncertainties and external disturbances such as waves, winds and ocean currents. Then, to evaluate the reliability of the designed controller, a well-known reliability analysis technique is employed to achieve the predefined heading angle overshoot (that is less than 20%) in way-point tracking. To do this, three random variables including wind speed, wind direction and wave direction are considered as the inputs due to their significant effect on overshoot, compared to other variables. The results demonstrate the capability of the designed H_∞ controller against modeling uncertainties and external disturbances in way point tracking control.     

电性源地-井瞬变电磁法全分量响应特性与探测能力分析

结合地面电性源瞬变电磁法（TEM）探测深度大和地-井TEM探测精度高的优点,本文提出对电性源地-井TEM进行研究.基于一维正演理论,本文对电性源在地下激发的六个电磁场分量的扩散、分布特性和探测能力进行分析研究.研究结果表明地下瞬变场各分量的分布特征与地面情况类似,但是对地层的探测能力与地面情况存在较大差别.各分量的探测能力与它们的扩散特性有关,其中受积累电荷作用,垂直电场Ez和水平磁场Ḣx分量对目标层的反映最为明显,Ex和Ḣy分量在地下扩散时受"返回电流"的影响会出现变号现象,使得异常体带来的影响被掩盖,不易被分辨.本文研究结果为发展电性源地-井TEM的施工技术、数据处理与解释,建立了相应的理论基础,获得了对该方法的初步认识.     

鳗弧菌(Vibrio anguillarum)M3菌株生长条件及其对蛋白酶产量的影响

采用体外测定细菌浓度、胞外产物(ECP)蛋白含量和蛋白酶活力的方法，进行了鳗弧菌M3菌株在2216E培养基中的培养条件研究。结果表明，该菌株用固体培养基培养至24h左右，可得到较高的菌体浓度、ECP蛋白含量和蛋白酶活力。采用响应面分析方法设计实验，用SAS统计软件分析数据，得到NaCl浓度、pH值和温度对菌体生长及蛋白酶产量影响的回归模型。在2216E培养基的基础上，添加不同氮源、碳源物质以及不同浓度蛋白胨进行生长研究。结果表明，胰大豆蛋白胨能促进菌体生长及ECP蛋白分泌；NH4Cl与酪蛋白水解物可抑制蛋白酶的产生；牙鲆肌肉匀浆对菌体、ECP蛋白产量和蛋白酶产生有不同程度的促进作用；培养基中蛋白胨浓度为4％时菌体量与ECP蛋白含量达最高值，在蛋白胨浓度为2％时蛋白酶分泌量已稳定；1％的葡萄糖、蔗糖、甘油均能显著地提高菌体及ECP蛋白产量，却抑制了蛋白酶的产生。     

Responses of carbon dioxide in western tropical Pacific to 1991~1993 ENSO event

On the basis of the data of the partial pressure of CO₂ (P_CO2)and the concentration of the total dissolved CO₂(T_CO2) in surface water during the expeditions in Nov.-Dec. 1991, the world ocean circulation experiment (WOCE) and Oct. 1992-Mar. 1993, the tropical ocean-global atmosphere coupled ocean-atmosphere response experiment (TOGA COARE) in the western tropical Pacific and of the comparison with data from 1986 to 1990 TOGA expeditions and that from Japan Meteorological Agency, the response of CO₂ in surface water to ENSO event is proved. The CO₂ signals indicated that the air-sea system in the western and central tropical Pacific from 1991 to 1993, except for a short period in autumn of 1992, was in a strong state of ENSO.
The change of CO₂ in the floating stations near 2°S, 155°E from Nov. 1992 to Mar. 1993 reflected the change of currents, water mass and its thermal and salt content during the forming and developing of ENSO.     

地下水潮汐现象的物理机制和统一数学方程

用新的分层承压含水层模式 ,不但考虑含水层的力学压缩性质 ,而且考虑含水层的渗流特性 ,并结合扰动信息源的频率特性 ,分别研究扰动源地球固体潮、大气潮和地表负荷潮对承压井水位和流量的影响机理 ,给出相应的偏微分方程。从方程的解释或数值解讨论扰动源与承压井含水层的力学压缩参数、渗流特性参数及与频率特性频数的关系 ,进而给出承压井水位和流量对地球固体潮、大气潮和地表负荷潮汐响应的统一数学方程及其潮汐响应函数 ,并揭示了上述几类潮汐扰动信息源对承压井水位和流量影响的物理机理     

OPTIMIZATION IN ORGANIC SYNTHESIS.AN APPROACH TO OBTAINING KINETIC INFORMATION BY SEQUENTIAL RESPONSE SURFACE MODELLING.OUTLINE OF THE PRINCIPLES

A method is presented by which it is possible to estimate the initial rate of chemical reactions when theexperimental conditions are varied according to a response surface design.The method is intended as acomplementary method for analysing data obtained from experiments in synthetic chemistry when theobjective is to optimize the yield of the reaction.Data obtained by simulations have been used to develop the method.From the simulated reactions itis shown that sequential analysis of the chemical yield of the reaction makes it possible to estimate modelswhich describe how the parameters of the response surface of the yield vary over time.The derivativesof these time functions of the response surface parameters can be used to define a rate function whichdescribes how the variations in the experimental conditions influence the rate of the reaction.It is shown how such rate functions can be used to afford reasonable estimates of the initial rates ofthe reaction.The initial reaction rates thus estimated can be used to determine the kinetic order of thereactants and also to provide estimates of the activation energy of the reaction.A thorough discussion of how canonical analysis of the rate function may assist in the elucidation ofreaction mechanisms is given.