濮城油田沙一段油藏濮1—1井组二氧化碳驱研究及先导试验效果分析

根据沙一油藏的物性特点,开展了CO2驱研究,室内进行了地层原油相态、压力组分、注CO2压力等实验。为了确定合理的开采方式,进行了连续注CO2、水气交替注入等实验研究。室内实验表明,在沙一油藏进行CO2驱是可行的。在室内模拟和CO2驱替实验的基础上,在现场开展了矿场试验。通过在濮1—1井进行试验,井组取得了好的效果,日增油8．5t,累积增油1150t。这为下步濮城油田高含水油藏进一步提高采收率提供了新的途径。     

Experimental and numerical investigation of non-predictive phase-control strategies for a point-absorbing wave energy converter

Phase control may substantially increase the power absorption in point-absorber wave energy converters. This study deals with validation of dynamic models and latching control algorithms for an oscillating water column (OWC) inside a fixed vertical tube of small circular cross-section by small-scale testing. The paper describes experimental and numerical results for the system's dynamics, using simple and practical latching control techniques that do not require the prediction of waves or wave forces, and which will be relevant to any type of point-absorbing devices.In the experimental set-up, the upper end of the tube was equipped with an outlet duct and a shut-off valve, which could be controlled to give a latching of the inner free surface movement. The pressure drop through the open valve is used as a simplified measure of the energy extraction. The control was realized by using the real-time measurement signals for the inner and outer surface displacement.A mathematical model of the system was established and applied in numerical simulation. In the case the OWC's diameter is much smaller than the wavelength and the wave amplitude much smaller than the draft, the free surface movement inside the tube can be described as an oscillating weightless piston. For this hydrodynamic problem an analytical solution is known. In addition, the mathematical model includes the effects of viscous flow losses, the air compressibility inside the chamber and the pressure drop across the valve. Experimental results were used to calibrate some of the model parameters, and the total model was formulated as a coupled system of six non-linear, first-order differential equations. Time-domain integration was used to simulate the system in order to test the control strategies and compare with experimental results.     

Optimization of preparative separation and purification of total polyphenols from Sargassum tenerrimum by column chromatography

Polyphenols from the ethanol extracts of Sargassum tenerrimum (ST) with potent antiallergic effects were studied to optimize separation process through column chromatography. The adsorption and desorption characteristics of three widely used adsorbents: macroporous resin, silica gel, and polyvinylpolypyrrolidone (PVPP), were critically evaluated respectively and studied for the optimization of preparative separation of polyphenols. Static operations on these adsorbents showed that macroporous resin had the best adsorption and desorption capability among the three adsorbents. Dynamic adsorption and desorption with macroporous resin packed column were also conducted to optimize the parameters such as: with the optimal values shown in brackets, the concentration of extract solution (4 times diluted), pH value (6–7), adsorption speed (3 BV h⁻¹, bed volumes/per hour), concentration of ethanol (80%), elution speed (3 BV h⁻¹) and elution volume (7 BV). The chromatographic process so optimized gave a purity of 62.43% from the crude polyphenols, providing a promising basis for large scale preparation of bioactive polyphenols upon further scaling up tests.     

Optimization of Preparative Separation and Purification of Total PolyphenoJs from Sargassum tenerrimum by Column Chromatography

Polyphenols from the ethanol extracts of Sargassum tenerrimum （ST） with potent antiallergic effects were studied to optimize separation process through column chromatography. The adsorption and desorption characteristics of three widely used adsorbents： macroporous resin, silica gel, and polyvinylpolypyrrolidone （PVPP）, were critically evaluated respectively and studied for the optimization of preparative separation of polyphenols. Static operations on these adsorbents showed that macroporous resin had the best adsorption and desorption capability among the three adsorbents. Dynamic adsorption and desorption with macroporous resin packed column were also conducted to optimize the parameters such as： with the optimal values shown in brackets, the concen- tration of extract solution （4 times diluted）, pH value （6-7）, adsorption speed （3BVh-1, bed volumes/per hour）, concentration of ethanol （80%）, elution speed （3 BV ht） and elution volume （7 BV）. The chromatographic process so optimized gave a purity of 62.43% from the crude polyphenols, providing a promising basis for large scale preparation of bioactive polyphenols upon further scaling up tests.     

一种无缆自动返回式采水器的机械设计

设计一种垂直剖面采水的自动返回式采水器,其机械机构由配重体的悬挂或释放装置及采水瓶关闭采水机构组成。配重体的悬挂或释放未采用螺纹密封和螺纹承重,动作由密封仓内电机的驱动转动和壳体端盖上的挂钩脱钩实现。采水瓶的关闭不涉及步进电机的转动,由电磁阀的通电实现。实践表明,采水器的机械设计结构简单有效,保证密封,操作方便。     

Investigation of ship hydroelasticity

The importance of hydroelastic analysis of large and flexible container ships of today is pointed out. A methodology for investigation of this challenging phenomenon is drawn up and a mathematical model is worked out. It includes definition of ship geometry, mass distribution, structure stiffness, and combines ship hydrostatics, hydrodynamics, wave load, ship motion and vibrations. Based on the presented theory, a computer program is developed and applied for hydroelastic analysis of a flexible segmented barge for which model test results of motion and distortion in waves have been available. A correlation analysis of numerical simulation and measured response shows quite good agreement of the transfer functions for heave, pitch, roll, vertical and horizontal bending and torsion. The tool checked in such a way can be further used for reliable hydroelastic analysis of ship-like structures.     

Use of voltammetric solid-state (micro)electrodes for studying biogeochemical processes: Laboratory measurements to real time measurements with an in situ electrochemical analyzer (ISEA)

Solid-state voltammetric (micro)electrodes have been used in a variety of environments to study biogeochemical processes. Here we show the wealth of information that has been obtained in the study of sediments, microbial mats, cultures and the water column including hydrothermal vents. Voltammetric analyzers have been developed to function with operator guidance and in unattended mode for temporal studies with an in situ electrochemical analyzer (ISEA). The electrodes can detect the presence (or absence) of a host of redox species and trace metals simultaneously. The multi-species capacity of the voltammetric electrode can be used to examine complex heterogeneous environments such as the root zone of salt marsh sediments. The data obtained with these systems clearly show that O₂ and Mn²⁺ profiles in marine sedimentary porewaters and in microbial biofilms on metal surfaces rarely overlap indicating that O₂ is not a direct oxidant for Mn²⁺. This lack of overlap was suggested originally by Joris Gieskes' group. In waters emanating from hydrothermal vents, Fe²⁺, H₂S and soluble molecular FeS clusters (FeS_aq) are detected indicating that the reactants for the pyrite formation reaction are H₂S and soluble molecular FeS clusters. Using the ISEA with electrodes at fixed positions, data collected continuously over three days near a Riftia pachyptila tubeworm field generally show that O₂ and H₂S anti-correlate and that H₂S and temperature generally correlate. Unlike sedimentary environments, the data clearly show that Riftia live in areas where both O₂ and H₂S co-exist so that its endosymbiont bacteria can perform chemosynthesis. However, physical mixing of diffuse flow vent waters with oceanic bottom waters above or to the side of the tubeworm field can dampen these correlations or even reverse them. Voltammetry is a powerful technique because it provides chemical speciation data (e.g.; oxidation state and different elemental compounds/ions) as well as quantitative data. Because (micro)organisms occupy environmental niches due to the system's chemistry, it is necessary to know chemical speciation. Voltammetric methods allow us to study how chemistry drives biology and how biology can affect chemistry for its own benefit.     

基于介电弹性体的漂浮式振荡水柱发电分析

为解决海洋监测微型传感器供能问题,设计新型波浪能捕获装置,在海面振荡浮筒气室产生空气气柱,驱动介电弹性体形变发电为传感器供能。建立振荡浮子式气柱数值模型,研究新型振荡水柱发电计算理论。利用水动力仿真软件AQWA求解浮子所受波浪力作用振荡幅值、辐射阻尼和附加质量。基于Simulink软件分别计算波浪作用下浮子位移和气室内水柱位移,根据两者的位移差计算气室体积变化所产生的空气压强、介电弹性体发电薄膜形变量和系统输出电能,单次循环周期最大发电量达到24.6 mJ。分析波浪周期、发电薄膜几何参数等对输出电能的影响。     

装配式圆钢管柱-钢梁节点抗震性能试验研究

为验证新型装配式圆钢管柱-钢梁节点的破坏模式及抗震性能,进行了3个十字形节点的低周反复循环加载试验。研究了不同试件节点的破坏模式、滞回性能、延性及耗能性能等。试验结果表明:试件的位移延性系数为3.38~3.44,能量耗散系数为1.72~2.25,节点具有良好的滞回性能、延性及耗能能力,满足现行规范设计要求。建议在采用新型装配式节点时,梁柱连接处可同时采用加强型连接或骨式连接,以获得良好的抗震性能。     

基于纤维模型的CFT框架柱滞回性能模拟及模型灵敏度分析

研究了基于纤维模型的CFT框架柱滞回性能模拟的建模方法,建立了基于不同材料本构模型的CFT框架柱数值模型,并探讨了材料本构关系、纤维截面网格划分、积分点数量等因素对模拟精度的影响。以试验为依据,运用Opensees软件,通过计算结果与试验结果的对比,分析了影响滞回模型计算精度的主要因素。结果表明,受约束混凝土本构关系的下降段,钢材本构关系的强化段,是影响滞回模型准确性的主要因素,而网格划分和积分点数量的影响则主要体现在程序运行速率方面。研究将为基于纤维模型法的CFT框架柱滞回性能模拟分析提供理论依据。