不同季节内剩余环流时空结构转换及其演变特征的研究

利用ERA-Interim资料,采用改进的变形欧拉平均方法对1979—2011年剩余环流季节内时空结构转换及其演变特征进行了分析。结果表明:(1)150 hPa附近4—8月剩余环流上升中心发生了整体向北移动的趋势,而9月至次年2月则表现为整体向南的移动,并且6—8月和9—11月的移动较为明显,分别向北和向南移动了3.168°和2.277°。(2)对流层内的剩余质量输送显著增强,但是热带环流上升区以及穿越对流层顶进入平流层的输送存在着减弱的趋势。(3)两半球高纬度100 hPa附近从最低平流层向下输送的质量通量以及热带对流层顶附近向上输送的质量通量在各季节年代际变化中基本都是减弱的,仅在6—8月和9—11月北半球向下质量通量出现了增强。     

A Synthetic Germanium-Bismuth Glass for the Coarse Mass Calibration of SIMS Instruments

This short technical note describes a simple technique for synthesising an optimised binary glass for performing coarse mass table calibrations of secondary ion mass spectrometers. A Ge-Bi glass doped with five selected trace elements was used to anchor the entire mass table up to m/z ≥ 209 at an accuracy of < 0.5 dalton. Using this material it has been possible to calibrate coarsely the mass table of a Cameca ims 6f instrument in less than five minutes, thereby greatly simplifying the switch from low mass range to high mass range measurements. Although not suitable for the quantification of geological materials, the ease of synthesis and its utility for rapidly performing what is an otherwise time consuming process makes this material a useful tool for SIMS instruments which offer a multiple mass range capability.     

Implications of Analcime Hydrothermally Formed from Na-alumino-borosilicate Glasses Containing Cs and Sr for the Stability of High-level Radioactive Waste Form

Abstract. In order to know the behaviors of radioactive elements such as cesium and strontium during a hydrothermal alteration of borosilicate glass of radioactive waste, some alumino-borosilicate glasses belonging to the systems Na₂O-Al₂O₃-B₂O₃-SiO₂-SrO, Na₂O-Al₂O₃-B₂O₃-SiO₂-Cs₂O and Na₂O-Al₂-O₃-B₂O₃-SiO₂-SrO-Cs₂O have been treated hydrothermally at 200C under a vapor pressure of 1.54 MPa. The result shows that all glasses are changed into crystalline phases with running time up to 60 days, and that analcime-type zeolite is formed as a major product. The formed zeolite is shown to contain cesium and/or strontium. Considering the fact that natural zeolite occurs in wide physicochemical conditions including hydrothermal one, the analcime-type zeolite is expected to fix stably the radioactive elements in the disposal site. Since aluminum is necessary for the formation of the analcime-type zeolite, the waste glass should have aluminum as one of major components.     

角度域剩余深度对剩余速度的敏感性分析

本文针对地震勘探深度域偏移速度建模研究, 利用角度域共成像点道集(ADCIGS)建立了以剩余速度为自变量, 剩余深度为目标函数的关系式, 及目标函数的梯度公式.利用导出的两个公式分别对剩余深度与剩余速度的关系进行了定量分析.通过理论分析和模型试算证明初始速度模型的误差具有方向敏感性, 即正误差较负误差对速度建模迭代收敛更敏感.利用此结论进行深度域速度建模既可以提高计算效率也可以提高建模精度.     

激光剥蚀电感耦合等离子体质谱元素微区分析标准物质研究进展

激光剥蚀电感耦合等离子体质谱(LA-ICP-MS)是目前地球科学分析领域的重要技术手段,元素微区分析标准物质研制是该分析技术发展的重要方向。本文对当前LA-ICP-MS元素微区分析标准物质的种类、元素分布以及应用上的优缺点和标准物质的制备方法进行了评述。现有的有证标准物质数量不多、种类不齐全,部分元素浓度较低,定值不确定度较大,应用上受到较大的局限性;研制标准也不成熟,均匀性检验方面尚未有统一的方法。本文参照岩石粉末标准物质均匀性检验方法提出了两步均匀性检验法,同时指出在标准物质种类方面,铂族元素及Au元素浓度适当、Pb-S等不同硫化物基体标准物质,以及化学成分不同的碳酸岩和磷酸岩基体标准物质是当前的迫切需求;在标准物质研制技术方面,纳米岩石粉末压片技术的研发、原位微区分析标准物质(固体)均匀性检验判别标准研究是亟待解决的问题。     

The chemical composition including the Rare Earth Elements of the three major glass types of Europe and the Orient used in late antiquity and the Middle Ages

Sets of 20 soda ash glasses, 16 soda lime glasses and 23 wood ash glasses mainly from excavations in Europe (additional soda ash glasses from Egypt) were analysed on 61 chemical elements. Average SiO₂ is about 62% in soda glasses and 50% in wood ash glasses. The three groups of glasses contain on average 13% Na₂O, 18% Na₂O and 13% K₂O as fluxes to lower the melting temperature of quartz at their production. The starting materials beside quartz were halophytic plant ash for soda ash glass, trona (Na₃H(CO₃)₂·2H₂O) and lime (clamshells) for soda lime glass and beech ash for wood ash glass. Each of the three major glass types contains specific Rare Earth Element (REE) concentrations mainly contained in quartz and its intergrown minerals. 50 Paleozoic and Mesozoic sandstones from Central Europe represent the quartz composition. The REE pattern of these glasses apparently indicates major compositional stages of the Continental Earth's Crust. The boron to lithium and sodium to potassium ratios as in seawater suggest reactions of materials for soda glass with seawater. Negative Ce anomalies in the three glasses are caused by reactions of quartz with seawater.     

残余位移反应谱的参数影响研究

从PEER强震数据库中选取4类场地的320条地震动记录作为输入,采用BISPEC程序对非线性单自由度（SDOF）体系（周期T=0.05—5s）进行非线性时程分析,得到相应的残余位移反应谱（Dres）,进而研究地震动特性和恢复力模型动力参数对Dres的影响,得到如下结论：①Dres谱值随震级和PGA的增加而增大;其他设防烈度的Dres可由PGA其他与PGA基准之比调整基准烈度的Dres得到。②场地土较硬时,场地类型对Dres的影响较小;场地土较软时,Dres谱值随土质的变软而增大。③当位移延性比μ较小时,屈服后刚度比η对Dres的影响可忽略;但当μ较大时,Dres谱值随η的增加而减小。另外,Dres谱值还随阻尼比ξ的增加而减小。④随着T或μ的增大,Dres谱值均呈递增趋势;但当μ>3后,μ对Dres谱值的影响有所下降。     

发展新一代矿产勘探技术——澳大利亚玻璃地球计划的启示

在全球矿产勘查日益萎缩的今天，人们极为重视发展新一代大型矿床的勘探技术。澳大利亚最近开展了一项雄心勃勃的计划，即玻璃地球计划，目的是研制三维可视化和地质模拟等技术，使大陆表层一千米“像玻璃一样透明”。该计划以信息技术为核心，注重技术之间的综合。从中得到的启示是，应以提高精度为出发点，加强矿产勘查技术综合示范工作；以信息技术为核心，大力发展三维可视化技术和模拟技术；注重多部门的协作，发挥社会主义集中力量办大事的优越性。