基于三轴试验的软土震陷简化计算方法研究

本文通过对天津滨海新区典型软土的静、动力学试验,分析了软土残余应变的变化规律,提出了结合地区震陷经验系数的软土震陷简化计算方法,并利用1976年唐山7.8级地震中天津塘沽地区软土震陷观测资料对计算方法进行了验证。结果表明,本方法用于估算自由地表震陷量是可行的,对中小工程中软土震陷量的估算具有一定的参考价值。     

Mercury contamination in Southern New England coastal fisheries and dietary habits of recreational anglers and their families: Implications to human health and issuance of consumption advisories

Total mercury (Hg) was measured in coastal fishes from Southern New England (RI, USA), and Hg exposure was estimated for anglers and family members that consumed these resources. Fish Hg was positively related to total length (n = 2028 across 7 fish species), and interspecies differences were evident among legally harvestable fish. Many recreational anglers and their families experienced excessively high Hg exposure rates, which was attributed to the enriched Hg content of frequently consumed fishes. Specifically, 51.5% of participants in this study had Hg exposures exceeding the US EPA reference dose, including 50.0% of women of childbearing years. These results are noteworthy given that Hg neurotoxicity occurs in adults and children from direct and prenatal low-dose exposure. Moreover, this study underscores the need for geographic-specific research that accounts for small-scale spatial variations in fish Hg and dietary habits of at-risk human populations.     

iDose4迭代重建在AIDS合并PJP患者胸部低剂量CT扫描中的应用研究

目的:研究i Dose4迭代重建算法不同迭代水平在人类获得性免疫缺陷综合征(AIDS)合并耶氏肺孢子菌肺炎(PJP)患者胸部低剂量CT扫描中的效能对比。方法:应用飞利浦iCT对16例AIDS合并PJP患者分别行常规剂量和低剂量胸部CT平扫。常规剂量组的DRI指数设置为30;低剂量组的DRI指数设置为10。管电压均采用120 k V。常规剂量组采用FPB重建算法,低剂量组采用iDose4(L2,L4,L6)重建算法。测量不同扫描方案下图像的客观噪声值(SD),记录不同扫描方案下CT容积剂量指数(CTDI vol)、剂量长度乘积(DLP)并计算有效剂量(ED)。比较不同扫描方案下的辐射剂量、图像的客观指标(图像噪声)及主观指标(图像质量主观评分)的差异。结果:低剂量扫描条件下,LD_iDose4_L2组、LD_iDose4_L4组及LD_iDose4_L6图像噪声值分别为:12.41、10.13和8.01,LD_iDose4_L6组的图像噪声值与SD_FPB组(8.51)相比,差异无统计学意义。肺窗视图下,LD-iDose4_L2组、LD-iDose4_L4组CT图像质量主观评分均在3分以上,满足了诊断需求,以LD_iDose4_L2组显示最好。纵隔窗视图下,低剂量组各组主观评分均在3分以上,均满足了诊断需求,其中以LD_iDose4_L6组得分最高。低剂量组与常规组的ED值大小分别为6.18和2.28,差异均具有统计学意义(P<0.05),低剂量组的有效剂量较常规剂量组降低了63.11%。结论:iDose4迭代重建在AIDS合并PJP患者胸部CT病变及解剖结构的显示上具有明显的优势,能够在大幅降低辐射剂量的情况下得到满足诊断需要的CT图像。低剂量扫描条件下,iDose 4迭代重建迭代水平级别越高,降噪的能力越强,图像噪声值越小。但就图像总体质量而言,肺窗视图下,图像质量以LD_iDose4_L2组显示最好;纵隔窗视图下,图像质量以LD_iDose4_L6组显示最好。     

到达地面的紫外辐射强度预报

紫外线指数一般用 0～ 1 5的数字来表示 ,通常规定 ,夜间的紫外线指数为 0 ,在热带高原地区 ,晴天无云时的紫外线指数为 1 5。世界气象组织规定了单位紫外线指数相当于 2 5 m W/m2 红斑加权剂量率。紫外线指数预报大致可分为统计预报方法和模式预报方法两种。统计预报方法主要依赖于高精密度、高准确性的紫外线实测资料和相关的气象要素观测 ;而模式预报方法则主要依赖于对平流层臭氧的预报和大气辐射传输模式的应用     

均生函数残差预报模型在降水预报中的试验研究

在均生函预报模型的基础上,利用其残差数据序列对均生函数预报模型进行校正,提出了均生函数残差预报模型。运用两种模型对百色市6、7、8月月降雨量进行了历史样本拟合,并进行独立地样本预报试验。预报结果发现,均生函数残差预报模型对原有模型在预报精度上都有一定的改进,取得了较好的预报效果。同时,利用M ann-K enda ll法和Y am am oto法,可以明确突变开始的时间,指出突变区域,使待报时段与建模资料处在同一气候阶段则预报效果更为理想。     

Testing theories of the vertical stratification of the ACC against observations

Recent theories of the Antarctic Circumpolar Current (ACC) suggest that its lateral and vertical stratification is controlled by its baroclinic instability: eddies in the ACC not only feed-off the available potential energy stored in sloping isopycnals but play a central role is setting up that stratification. Simple theory makes predictions about how the depth of the thermocline in the ACC depends on the surface winds, the air–sea buoyancy flux and transfer by baroclinic eddies. By examining gridded hydrographic data, here we test some of these predictions against observations. We show that, to a remarkable degree, the buoyancy field in the ACC decays exponentially with depth beneath the mixed layer. The e-folding depth increases equatorward, from less than 500 m on the poleward flank of the ACC to greater then 1000 m on its equatorial flank, in a manner that is broadly consistent with the theory.     

Progress and pitfalls of the SAR protocol for the quartz violet stimulated luminescence (VSL) signal: A case study from Sardinia

In the quest for extending the upper age limit of optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) dating of quartz, it was shown that violet stimulated luminescence (VSL) may be a promising candidate. However, difficulties in the application of the single aliquot regenerative dose (SAR) protocol for VSL has been reported in previous studies. In this study, a set of experiments was carried out to investigate the behaviour of the VSL signal under different measurement conditions with the aim to improve the SAR VSL protocol in terms of passing the procedural tests of the SAR protocol, i.e., recycling ratio, recuperation and dose recovery. The validity of an optimised SAR protocol was then evaluated on four coarse-grained quartz samples from Sardinia, for which previously reported OSL and post-IR IRSL ages are available. Our result showed that all measured aliquots meet the recuperation, recycling ratio and dose recovery criteria, indicating that the proposed protocol is suitable for the studied samples. The obtained VSL and reference ages agree within uncertainty (2σ) for most of the samples except one sample with a largest expected equivalent dose of ∼320 Gy, for which the VSL significantly (∼50%) underestimates despite satisfactory dose recovery result. This underestimation is most likely due to trapping sensitivity change between the natural and all subsequent regenerated VSL signals induced by the first preheating in the SAR procedure, which is likely dose dependent. To minimise sensitivity change, the sensitivity-corrected multiple aliquot regenerative dose (SC-MAR) protocol was applied. The SC-MAR protocol yields VSL ages in agreement with reference ages for two samples (1σ); the other two samples show overestimation. We show that the observed age overestimation can be explained by incomplete resetting of the natural signal after 7 days SOL2 exposure used for the SC-MAR procedure. Bleaching experiments confirm variable bleaching behaviour among different samples. However, it is unclear whether this different bleaching behaviour arises from measuring samples with different bleaching histories, mineralogical compositions, or VSL source trap properties.     

综合地球物理方法在华南桂中海相残留盆地沉积相预测中的应用

沉积相研究是盆地隐蔽油气藏勘探中重要的研究内容之一,综合利用地球物理方法有效识别构造、岩性或沉积相差异是盆地隐蔽油气藏勘探的前提.本文基于重力、航磁、地震等综合地球物理资料,通过重磁异常正演剥离和剖面正反演拟合技术研究了华南桂中地区海相地层的密度分布特征,预测了岩相、沉积相的变化规律.研究发现,本区中、下泥盆统海相地层存在横向的岩性、岩相变化,研究区西北、东南部的台地相区重力异常高、岩石拟合密度值高;中部“X”型台地边缘相区重力异常杂乱、岩石拟合密度变化范围大;东部台沟相区重力异常低、岩石拟合密度值低.利用综合地球物理方法预测沉积相为盆地岩性圈闭油气藏和生物礁油气藏勘探提供了新的研究思路,研究成果已得到初步检验,但还有待进一步完善与实践.     

东亚地磁场模型的计算与分析

根据中国、前苏联和蒙古等地区的地磁复测点和地磁台站资料,使用泰勒多项式方法和冠谐分析方法,计算东亚地磁场(X,Y,Z)的泰勒多项式模型和冠谐模型,以及东亚剩余磁场(ΔX,ΔY,ΔZ)的冠谐模型和泰勒多项式模型,并绘制了相应的理论地磁图. 泰勒多项式模型的展开原点位于45°N和100°E,截断阶数为7.地磁场泰勒多项式模型的均方偏差为:X分量是133.0nT,Y分量是107.4nT,Z分量是14.0nT. 球冠极点位于45°N和100°E,球冠半角为42°,冠谐模型的截断阶数为10. 剩余磁场冠谐模型的均方偏差分别为131.2nT(ΔX),112.6nT(ΔY)和13.7nT(ΔZ). 对比分析了上述两种模型. 提出了确定区域模型截断阶数的判据.     

红河断裂带测区古构造残余应力随深度分布X射线测量

以岩体正交各向异性弹性理论为基础,用X射线衍射法,在红河断裂带测区,选用12个大口径钻孔用金刚石钻头钻取的岩芯,测量了岩体中三维宏观残余应力和微观残余应力及其弹性应变能密度随深度的分布,分析了它们沿深度的分布规律。