香河地区光合有效辐射观测分析研究

利用中国科学院大气物理研究所香河大气综合观测实验站(39°47′N,116°57′E)2004年10月至2005年12月共15个月的太阳辐射观测资料,分析了该地区光合有效辐射与太阳总辐射比值的(PAR/Rs)日变化和季节变化特征,得出月平均PAR/Rs值变化范围在1.808~2.048μE.J-1之间,最大值出现在夏季,最小值出现在冬季,年平均值为1.948μE.J-1。提出了一个利用太阳总辐射观测值计算光合有效辐射瞬时值的参数化算式,用该算式计算得到的PAR与实际观测值的均方根误差为19.28μE.m-2.s-1,有96%的计算值与观测值偏差在±10%以内。比较了香河地区与太湖地区、额济纳地区光合有效辐射瞬时最大值、小时累积最大值及日累积最大值的差异。     

武汉城市相对湿度气候学特征与长期变化趋势

在对相对湿度(RH)序列进行均一性检验和订正的基础上,分析了武汉4个城市站RH的气候学特征和长期变化趋势。结果表明:(1)迁站对RH序列引起较大非均一性偏差,其中武汉站2010年迁站引起的偏差达到8%;(2)城区年平均RH较高,介于75%~85%,武汉站最高;(3)每年1~6月城区RH逐渐增加,6月达到峰值,之后缓慢减少,但季节内变化一般很小,月际间差异仅有0.1%~2.5%,存在夏季RH最高,春、秋次之,冬季最低的季节性特征;(4)武汉城市区域1961~2015年平均RH总体呈长期减少趋势,线性变化趋势-0.81%/10 a,20世纪90年代之后下降趋势加剧;(5)近55年城区春、秋、冬3个季节平均RH均呈不同程度的下降,以春季最为明显,夏季存在较为显著的上升趋势,但1991后年及四季均呈现显著的下降趋势。     

近130 ka以来地球磁场相对强度变化:南海南部NS93-5钻孔记录

选择位于南沙台地的NS93-5钻孔进行地磁场相对强度的研究.根据氧同位素地层学(MIS1～MIS5),建立130 ka以来的沉积序列.岩石磁场研究表明,沉积物中的磁性矿物主要为1～15μm的细粒磁铁矿,磁性矿物浓度的变化在同一数量级之内,而且沉积物磁性比较稳定.选择NRM/x作为相对磁场强度的估计指标,发现在10～100ka时间尺度上,可以很好地进行全球对比,千年时间尺度上尽管有一定的误差,但也可以进行有效对比.130ka以来,有4次强度变化的低谷,分别发生在32.5～40 ka、44～52.5 ka、6     

Effects of in-situ conditions on relative permeability characteristics of CO2-brine systems

Carbon dioxide capture and geological storage (CCGS) is an emerging technology that is increasingly being considered for reducing greenhouse gas emissions to the atmosphere. Deep saline aquifers provide a very large capacity for CO₂ storage and, unlike hydrocarbon reservoirs and coal beds, are immediately accessible and are found in all sedimentary basins. Proper understanding of the displacement character of CO₂-brine systems at in-situ conditions is essential in ascertaining CO₂ injectivity, migration and trapping in the pore space as a residual gas or supercritical fluid, and in assessing the suitability and safety of prospective CO₂ storage sites. Because of lack of published data, the authors conducted a program of measuring the relative permeability and other displacement characteristics of CO₂-brine systems for sandstone, carbonate and shale formations in central Alberta in western Canada. The tested formations are representative of the in-situ characteristics of deep saline aquifers in compacted on-shore North American sedimentary basins. The results show that the capillary pressure, interfacial tension, relative permeability and other displacements characteristics of CO₂-brine systems depend on the in-situ conditions of pressure, temperature and water salinity, and on the pore size distribution of the sedimentary rock. This paper presents a synthesis and interpretation of the results.     

Evaluation and use of Resourcesat-I data for agricultural applications

Resourcesat-1 satellite offers a unique opportunity of simultaneous observations at three different spatial scales through LISS-IV, LISS-III^* (improved LISS-III) and AWiFS sensors from a common platform. The sensors have enhanced capabilities in terms of spectral, spatial and radiometric resolution as compared to earlier Indian Remote sensing Satellite sensors. This paper summarizes the results of various studies such as evaluation of sensor characteristics, inter-sensor comparison studies, derivation and validation of surface reflectance measurements, quantification of improvements due to Resourcesat-1 sensors, and their use for various agricultural applications. The studies presented in this paper demonstrate that suit of sensors onboard Resourcesat-1 satellite provides better prospects for several agricultural applications like crop identification, discrimination and crop inventory for some major Indian crops, than its predecessors on IRS satellites.     

地球偶极磁场成因新探讨

以地球内部结构为立论基础和现代物理学中的引力理论和粒子理论为理论根据,阐明了地球外壳与内核运动的差异性,进而提出了以摩擦起电为主的差速发电机制和地磁场的形成机理,总结出了地球内核旋转轴上任一点的强度计算公式和地磁极性的判别方法,并解释了地磁学中的磁轴问题、磁极漂移和地磁场的极
性转换。     

VELOCITY FIELD AND RESISTANCE OF FLOW OVER ROUGH SURFACES WITH LARGE AND SMALL RELATIVE SUBMERGENCE

LINTRODUCTIONPreciseknowledgeofthevelocityfieldandthecorrespondingresistanceofflowoverrollghsurfacesareofgreatimportanceformanypracticalproblemssuchastheestimationofthestabilitVofbedmaterialinerosiveriversortheremovalofaccumulatedfinesedimentfromthechannelandthelooseningofgravelbedmaterialbycontrolledreleaseofreservoirwater.Thelatterprocedure,calledflushingflows,isfrequentlyspecifiedtorestoreortomaintainaquatichabitat(WILCOCKetal.,1996).Dependingonwaterdepthhandroughnessheightk.(=equiv…     

溶液结构的X射线衍射──3.粉末衍射仪液体样品池窗口强度校正的相对透明因子

从衍射几何学出发，推导出0－2θ型X射线衍射仪液体样品池窗口强度校正的相对透明因子，解释了由于超厚液体样品池上的窗口的吸收，反射法引起的低角强度损失和透射法引起的高角强度损失，获得了令人满意的的校正结果。     

冬季香梨树彩条布覆盖棚的温湿度效应分析

摘 要：为了探讨冬季香梨园覆盖棚内外的温、湿度变化规律,于2014～2015年库尔勒市上户镇哈拉苏村香梨园进行小气候观测试验,对2015年1月彩条布覆盖棚内部、外部气温、相对湿度的变化规律进行分析。结果表明:彩条布覆盖棚棚内气温高于棚外,一天中 最低气温出现在夜间（21:00～09:00）,棚内外气温变化主要受太阳辐射影响;棚内外低于-15℃的天数均大于15d,低于-20℃的平均时长为5h,最大持续时长为7h;棚内日较差高于棚外,棚内外气温日较差变化趋势一致,棚内外0.4m高度的降温幅度分别为0.3002℃/d（P=0.001）、0.2324℃/d（P=0.006）,棚内外3m高度的降温幅度分别为0.2786℃/d（P=0.006）、0.2347℃/d（P=0.000）;棚内日平均相对湿度高于棚外,在两个高度下,棚内外日平均相对湿度变化趋势相似, 棚内外0.4m高度增湿幅度分别为0.2688%/d（P=0.000）、0.2391%/d（P=0.007）,棚内外3m高度增湿幅度分别为0.0767%/d（P=0.075）、0.2586%/d（P=0.006）。     

Hydroelastic responses and drift forces of a very-long floating structure equipped with a pin-connected oscillating-water-column breakwater system

The hydroelastic responses of a very-long floating structure (VLFS) in waves connected to a floating oscillating-water-column (OWC) breakwater system by a pin are analyzed by making use of the modal expansion method in two dimensions. The Bernoulli–Euler beam equation for the VLFS is coupled with the equations of motions of the breakwater taking account of the geometric and dynamic boundary conditions at the pin. The Legendre polynomials are employed as admissible functions representing the assumed modes of the VLFS with pinned-free-boundary conditions. It has been shown numerically that the deflections, bending moments and shear forces of the VLFS in waves can be reduced significantly by a pin-connected OWC breakwater. The time-mean horizontal drift forces of the VLFS equipped with the breakwater calculated by the near-field method are also presented.