应用GIS的城市中心区定界方法

城市中心区等空间范围是城市研究中必须面对的基本问题。由于社会经济要素集聚的相对性和过渡性,城市中心区的位置和界线范围通常是不明确的,只有一个大致的范围,缺乏一个简单的确定方法。依据市政公用设施、地价、交通量等统计数据及其空间分布确定城市范围的传统方法工作量大、欠缺可比性。本研究以广州市城市道路网为数据基础,利用ArcGIS空间分析的密度分析方法圈定并验证了广州市城市中心区的边界范围。     

The microlensing rate and mass function versus dynamics of the Galactic bar

With the steady increase of the sample size of observed microlenses towards the central regions of the Galaxy, the main source of the uncertainty in the lens mass will shift from the simple Poisson noise to the intrinsic non-uniqueness of our dynamical models of the inner Galaxy, particularly the Galactic bar. We use a set of simple self-consistent bar models to investigate how the microlensing event rate varies as a function of axis ratio, bar angle and velocity distribution. The non-uniqueness of the velocity distribution of the bar model adds a significant uncertainty (by about a factor of 1.5) to any prediction of the lens mass. Kinematic data and self-consistent models are critical to lift the non-uniqueness. We discuss the implications of these results for the interpretation of microlensing observations of the Galactic bulge. In particular we show that Freeman bar models scaled to the mass of the Galactic bulge/bar imply a typical lens mass of around 0.8 M⊙, a factor of 3–5 times larger than the value from other models.     

意大利撒丁岛中部Lasasai-Bonucoro地区的废弃露天滑石-绿泥石-长石采矿场的水资源及其修复模式

摘要在撒丁岛中部Orani地区,一些赋存在古生代变质岩和花岗岩中的滑石．绿泥石．长石矿体一直处于露天开采状态。采矿活动严重破坏了Lasasai-Bonucoro地区的原始景观。露天开矿形成了一些水坑,里面填满了来自含水层的沿断裂渗出水,因此对该地区的重整应被视作是对自然景观的全面修复工程。在本次工作的第一阶段,作者描述了环境和水文地质学特征,以及根据不同整治措施对不同地域进行了划分。随后的工作包括详细地解释不同的整治技术措施。为了使该地区复原,首要措施包括：1)对一些地形崎岖的地点进行平整改造和重新规划。也就是根据前期规划合适的地点,将矿石开采和堆存地中过多的废石搬走并回填到山谷中。2)修复被挪走的土壤植被,并且在完成污水处理之后,通过植被重植的方法(包括：移植土壤和养分、水流播种草本植物,阶段性机械洒水)对新形成的地表进行改造。3)并通过以上重植技术,修复恰当的斜坡以及总体缺乏植被的地表。以上措施会引起地表高度和地形的微小变化。可是这些措施足以形成一个新的环境条件,可进行新的开采。特定情况下,例如在有恒定的高品质水流,并且环境宜人的乡村,以上建议很容易实施。因而,Lasasai-Boalitynucoro地区的资源的可利用性至少包括以下互不相斥的两个方面：1)休闲胜地,2)矿泉水生产基地。通过以上方法,Lasasai-Bonucoro地区的环境修复将会产生新的经济、文化、娱乐和观光价值。     

The radio spectra of galactic centre features

The radio source Sgr A and neighbouring features have been mapped at a frequency of 843 MHz with a beamwidth of 43 × 87 arcsec. Comparisons have been made with published maps of comparable resolution at different frequencies in order to differentiate thermal and nonthermal regions. The arc feature to the north of Sgr A appears to consist of low-temperature ionized hydrogen and to extend partly over Sgr A itself causing patchy absorption at low frequencies; there is some evidence that the hydrogen in the arc has been expelled from the galactic nucleus. Previous suggestions that Sgr A East is a supernova remnant have been examined and the interpretation is found to be quite likely, but not compelling. The diffuse component of Sgr A West appears to be due entirely to ionized hydrogen surrounding the nucleus.     

黑色岩系及相关矿产——以扬子地台为例

黑色岩系是指含有机碳及硫化物较多的深灰-黑色的硅质岩、碳酸盐岩、泥质岩及其变质岩石的组合体系,属于一种还原性岩石。黑色岩系中含铜、镍、锰、铀、磷、重晶石、铂族元素、铅-锌-银矿、油气等矿产,尤以铜、镍、钼、钒、钛最为典型,称为"五元素矿床"。近几年来,国内外关于黑色岩系中的非金属金属矿床的研究越来越多,黑色岩系的矿产经济意义也日益引起人们的重视。本文以扬子地台为例,研究震旦系-寒武系黑色岩系及其相关的矿产,为相似层位(如中晚泥盆统、石炭系、上二叠统、白垩系等)提供借鉴。通过对比云南晋宁梅树村震旦-寒武系界线的层型剖面与峡东地区震旦系剖面可以发现,两条剖面富磷层位具有可对比性,陡山沱组是扬子东部重要的含矿(磷)层位;而渔户村组是扬子西部最重要的含矿(磷)层位;过渡地段的贵州北部两个层位均重要;说明从陡山沱期到渔户村期,形成的磷矿活动中心逐渐从扬子东部向扬子西部迁移。     

Kelvin's article on the magnetic centre and Schmidt's one on the optimal eccentric dipole,revisited

Thomson's formulas (1872) that give the position of the magnetic centre of a magnet and the first results on the global geomagnetic field were sufficient to show that the source of this field had a disymmetry in the equatorial plane. To confirm this with Schmidt's (1934) explicit formulas giving the position of the optimal eccentric dipole, numerical calculus was necessary. To obtain their relatively simple formulas, Thomson and Schmidt used lengthy algebra that was avoidable.     

秩亏自由网平差的GNSS控制网已知点兼容性检验

针对现有方法普遍存在的计算过程繁琐、计算量较大等问题,该文提出了一种基于秩亏自由网平差的全球导航卫星系统(GNSS)控制网已知点兼容性检验方法。该方法利用秩亏自由网平差中重心基准的唯一不变特性,通过对已知点平差坐标与已知坐标较差(即坐标残差)的比较分析,检查和判断各已知点坐标的精度及其兼容性,筛选出符合相应等级精度要求的起算点,简化了繁琐的计算过程,减小了计算工作量,避免对全部已知点不同组合的多次重复计算,提高了检验的效率和有效性。该方法简便易行,可在工程实践中推广应用。     

黄河中游地区近522年旱涝突变

应用T检验方法对我国黄河中游地区1470～1991年夏季（5～9月）旱涝等级序列进行分析,结果表明：该地区气候存在着两次百年尺度突变,即17世纪50年代前后（旱转涝）和18世纪60年代初期（涝转正常）,以及百年尺度内20～30年尺度的气候突变;并指出黄河中游地区各时期旱涝变化与赤道东太平洋海温指数（SSTI）和大气活动中心的演变有密切联系。     

国家级测绘实验教学示范中心的构建与人才培养模式的创新实践

从示范中心的主要特点出发,阐述国家级测绘实验教学示范中心的构建相关技术问题。通过人才培养模式的创新实践,全面提高实验教学质量,起到辐射示范作用。     

Schmidt plate survey in the galactic centre direction. 1. Investigation of open clusters in the Sagittarius-Carina spiral arm

A study of four open clusters on Tautenburg Schmidt plates in the direction to the Galactic Centre (l = 17.0°, b = +0.8°) is presented. In a field of 8.95 square degrees proper motions and B, V magnitudes were determined for about 36 500 stars up to the limiting magnitudes B = 17^m.9, V = 16^m.8. For stars brighter than B = 16^m an accuracy of about 3 mas/year has been estimated for proper motions. The rms errors of stellar magnitudes and (B—V) colours is about 0.1 mag. There are two open clusters already known in this sky area: Trumpler 32 (C 1814-133) and NGC 6611 (C 1816-138). By the inspection of the plates two additional anonymous clusters were identified near the double star ADS 11285 or BD −14°5014 (C 1819-146) and near the star BD −14°5016 (C 1820-146). The cluster membership determination was carried out using information on spatial and proper motion distributions of stars in the field. The colour-magnitude diagrams up to the limiting stellar magnitude were constructed. For each cluster interstellar extinction A_V, diameters of the core and corona, ages and spatial velocity components (V, W) relative to the LSR in the Y, Z-galactic directions were derived. The distances to the clusters were obtained to 1720 pc, 2260 pc, 2130 pc and 2130 pc for Trumpler 32, NGC 6611, C 1819-146 and C 1820-146, respectively. All clusters are situated in the Sagittarius-Carina spiral arm. Their spatial location confirms the assumption that galactic spiral arms are close to logarithmic spirals with a characteristic angle of about 20 degrees.