1986年2月特大电离层暴的动力学表现

1986年2月的太阳耀斑爆发导致了强烈的磁暴和电离层暴。 对我国多个台站有关电离层观测记录的分析表明:这次电离层暴呈现出显著的纬度效应,井在武昌、广州等地区形成了明显的“暴中心”。在暴变期间,伴随有大尺度的TID。在某些时段内,F区电子密度剖面产生了特殊的畸变。 对暴变形态特征及其形成机制进行了一些初步讨论。     

Environmental geochemistry of the Gulf Creek copper mine area, north-eastern New South Wales, Australia

 Past mining and smelting of sulphide ore (pyrite-chalcopyrite-sphalerite) at the abandoned Gulf Creek mine has resulted in a stream highly contaminated by acid mine drainage (pH: 2.2–3.4), as well as degradation of local soil and vegetation. Physical dispersion of secondary metal-bearing minerals from abandoned ore and waste dumps into Gulf Creek and adsorption and coprecipitation of dissolved metals and metalloids in the stream bed cause elevated Ag, As, Cd, Cu, Fe, Pb and Zn values in stream sediments. The bioavailability of individual heavy metals to freshwater organisms changes downstream, however, selective bioaccumulation processes in algae reject readily bioavailable Zn and concentrate less bioavailable Cu. Polluted soils in the vicinity of the mine and smelter sites are subject to continuing soil erosion and either support no vegetation, or a depauperate flora with certain species showing bioaccumulation of metals and resistance to high metal contents. Rehabilitation of disturbed areas should involve covering and sealing sulphidic mine waste or removal of ore and waste dumps, installation of a physical and chemical plant or construction of a wetland environment (plus anoxic lime drains), and import of topsoil and planting of local, metal-tolerant plant species. Received: 17 March 1998 / Accepted: 6 October 1998     

吉林中部水资源决策支持系统的开发

吉林中部水资源管理决策支持系统是以可视化编程语言Visual Basic为基础,结合Access数据库,可调用的GIS控件组MapObject而开发的。实现了数据、文件的管理功能,图形图像的管理与编辑功能。以区域水资源经济净效益的最大化为目标函数,建立了多目标规划模型,调用运筹学软件LINDO进行求解,得到水资源利用的最佳方案,实现了水资源合理调配的目的,使决策者在较短时间内解决水资源多目标规划问题成为了可能。     

GPS接收机天线相位中心偏差参数检测方法的改进

对文献[1]介绍的GPS接收机天线相位中心偏差参数检测的一般方法,在计算方法上作了简化,使概念更加明确;为确保偏差参数和基线分量的估值计算无误,对检测步骤作适当修改,所得结果仍与原步骤计算结果相同,但计算过程提供了上、下半测回较差的检核,提高了检测的可靠性。     

Is ‘Centre of Volume’ a robust indicator of changes in snowmelt timing?

The centre of volume (COV), or the hydrograph centroid, is a measure of streamflow timing that is a widely used indicator of the effects of warmer temperatures on the hydrology of snowmelt streams. The COV was originally developed as a measure of land‐use effects, and its response is affected by several factors other than temperature, particularly total run‐off. A ‘toy’ model is used to demonstrate some of these effects, and these effects are also shown for streamflow data from Canada's Reference Hydrologic Basin Network. These deficiencies indicate that COV is neither specific nor robust as an indicator. Although these effects might be overcome by streamflow decomposition, the use of COV as an indicator of snowmelt timing should be avoided. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Floods in Bangladesh: A question of disciplining the rivers

Bangladesh has been experiencing floods more frequently than ever before. Since 1947, she has been hit by extremely devastating floods in 1954, 1955, 1956, 1962, 1963, 1966, 1968, 1969, 1970, 1971, 1974, 1976, 1984, 1987, and 1988. Each year's highest flood record and damage costs have been broken by that of the subsequent year. All means of communication become paralysed. People lose food grains, domestic animals, homesteads, and lives. They remain marooned without food and drinking water until relief arrives. Despite huge spending on flood control, the intensity of the floods has been increasing. Therefore, speculation is naturally rife about the causes.The aim of this paper is to identify the factors which contribute to these devastating floods, and then to recommend an appropriate strategy for effective flood control. The geography, geology, and hydrology of Bangladesh are briefly discussed. The whole of the country is a huge river basin criss-crossed by as many as seven hundred rivers, tributaries, and distributaries, having a total length of 22 155 km.The river-beds are rendered shallow by heavy deposits of alluvial earth each year and tend easily to cause inundations. The quantum of silt carried by the river systems into Bangladesh is estimated to be 2.4 × 10⁹ tonnes/yr.Disciplining the rivers means keeping the rivers navigable all year round, removing excessive deposits of silt where they threaten to block a channel, preventing widening by erosion, contracting the width where the river is excessively wide, and last but not least, preventing construction whose eventual impact might prove harmful.Natural disasters do not respect political frontiers, nothing can stop them, but their adverse impact could be minimised. The author emphasises the need for employing the abundant cheap manpower, local materials, and indigenous technology for flood control projects.     

一种基于 K-D 树优化的 ICP三维点云配准方法

为提高三维点云数据配准精度和速度,提出一种基于K-D树优化的ICP三维点云配准方法,首先采用中心重合法实现点云数据的粗配准,然后利用K-D tree快速搜索最近点对改进传统ICP方法,完成三维点云数据精配准,该方法克服传统ICP算法中由于利用欧式距离来判断最近点所引起的工作量大、耗费时间多的缺陷,提高点云的配准速度。在此基础上利用斯坦福不同密度Bunny点云数据进行实验验证,结果表明在采用中心重合法实现三维点云粗配准的基础上,利用K-D tree优化ICP算法,能够提高点云配准的精度、速度和稳定性。     

An analysis of infrared emission spectra from the regions near the Galactic Centre

We present consistent modelling of line and continuum infrared (IR) spectra in the region close to the Galactic Centre. The models account for the coupled effect of shocks and photoionization from an external source. The results show that the shock velocities range between ∼65 and 80 km s⁻¹ and the pre-shock densities between 1 cm⁻³ in the interstellar medium (ISM) to 200 cm⁻³ in the filamentary structures. The pre-shock magnetic field increases from 5 × 10⁻⁶ G in the surrounding ISM to ∼8 × 10⁻⁵ G in the arched filaments. The stellar temperatures are ∼38 000 K in the Quintuplet cluster and ∼27 000 K in the Arches Cluster. The ionization parameter is relatively low (<0.01) with the highest values near the clusters, reaching a maximum >0.01 near the Arches Cluster. Depletion from the gaseous phase of Si is found throughout the whole observed region, indicating the presence of silicate dust. Grains including iron are concentrated throughout the arched filaments. The modelling of the continuum spectral energy distribution in the IR range indicates that a component of dust at temperatures of ∼100–200 K is present in the central region of the Galaxy. Radio emission appears to be thermal bremsstrahlung in the E2–W1 filaments crossing strip; however, a synchrotron component is not excluded. More data are necessary to resolve these questions.     

“数字东营”的城域网规划与运行分析

“数字东营”工程主要由网络信息平台和基础数据平台两部分组成。根据数字城市建设的需求,东营市首先启动“数字东营”城域网项目,现已全面运行,效果很好。现就东营市数字化基础设施规划、网络整体规划以及相关问题进行分析。