利用井中低频偶极横波进行声波远探测的新方法

为了突破目前声波远探测技术存在的局限性,提出了一种新的偶极横波远探测方法,即利用井中偶极子产生的井中弯曲波存在低频截止频率的现象,在声源截止频率以下激发偶极声波.通过对比分析井中偶极声源分别在截止频率上、下激发时,井孔内外产生的辐射声场,明确了截止频率以下井中偶极声源的远场辐射特征和低频截止频率激发偶极横波的优势,结合数值模拟,进一步对其反射声场进行了分析.结果表明,该方法可以避免艾里相的巨大振幅对数据量化产生的"饱和"效应,相比传统的远探测测井方式更具优势,常规源距即可满足专门的远探测测井仪器需求.     

丹麦法稳健估计在隧道椭圆拟合中的应用

隧道断面在设计时为一标准圆形,受到施工及外部环境的影响变形为偏心率很小的椭圆。减小粗差影响、精确确定椭圆的几何参数是其研究的重点。通过对上海某一隧道断面的测量试验,得出用丹麦法稳健估计可以有效减小粗差的影响,而且拟合值可以很好地逼近无粗差情况下的最小二乘拟合值。采用Matlab 语言实现算法,并详细介绍了用二项式变换求解椭圆参数的方法。     

三维地震勘探技术在新疆沙吉海井田中的应用

针对沙吉海井田以往未开展过地震勘探,煤层多、局部间距小特点,介绍了研究区主要地震反射波与煤层对应关系.通过对T13、T12、T10、T6反射波研究,采用地震波阻抗反演技术对该区煤层厚度及煤层结构进行解释,查明井田构造形态和主要煤层赋存变化特征,取得了较好地震勘探效果.     

Separation of obliquely incident and reflected irregular waves by the Morlet wavelet transform

An existing 2D time-domain method for separating irregular incident and reflected waves by wavelet transform [Ma et al., 2010. A new method for separation of 2D incident and reflected waves by the Morlet wavelet transform. Coastal Eng., 57(6):597–603] is extended to account for obliquely incident irregular waves propagating over sloping bottoms. The linear shoaling and refraction coefficients are adopted to determine the amplitude and phase changes of waves. The optimal central frequency of the Morlet wavelet is determined by the minimum Shannon wavelet entropy. Numerical tests show that the present method can accurately separate waves over horizontal depths. For waves at sloping bottoms, however, the separation errors increase as bottom slope increases and are significant for waves with incident angle larger than π/3.     

基于等效Thomsen参数的P-SV波AVO属性研究

在等效Thomsen各向异性参数的P-SV波反射系数近似公式基础上研究了反射系数的多种AVO(振幅随炮检距变化)属性特征,针对不同的属性特征构建了多属性AVO交绘图;并利用反射系数公式对三类含气砂岩AVO的特征进行分析.结果表明P-SV波反射系数公式可以有效的区分第三类含气砂岩;岩石的孔隙度、流体饱和度等信息是影响地震波AVO的重要因素.利用Gassmann方程进行了对上层为HTI介质,下层为孔隙储层的介质模型进行了流体替换计算,分析了孔隙度、含气饱和度和各向异性参数变化对地层AVO的影响.     

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常用海图投影平面上大椭圆航线的表象与曲率分析

利用空间矢量方法推导出了椭球面上只与起止点地理坐标有关的大椭圆航线方程,代入4种常用海图投影的正解公式,得到不同投影平面上的大椭圆参数方程;利用上述参数方程进而推导出了不同投影面上大椭圆航线的曲率与曲率半径公式。选取伦敦到纽约的大椭圆航线为例,通过绘制不同投影面上的大椭圆航线并分析其曲率、曲率半径变化曲线可知,大椭圆航线在日晷投影上的表象为曲率处处为0的直线,而在其他投影面上的表象为曲率较小但不断变化的曲线。利用推导的曲率半径公式可以计算各类大椭圆航线上任意位置的“代曲直距”,方便在不同比例尺的海图上对大椭圆航线进行量测和绘制,提高作图效率。     

Conserved quantities and the inverse problem of reflection seismology

We show that the time-dependent wave equation in both one and two spatial dimensions possesses quantities which are globally conserved. We show how these conserved quantities can be used to determine the characteristic impedance, the rock density and the elastic constant of the rock. We also demonstrate that the conserved quantities possess the capability of determining and/or bracketing the unknown component of the direct pressure response, which is required to begin downward continuation algorithms. Further, we demonstrate that the conserved quantities are always available irrespective of the source structure in time. Numerical instability, arising if the filtering due to the source structure is too harsh, can then be controlled to a degree by demanding that the conserved quantities be indeed conserved.     

New insights into the crustal structure of the North German Basin from reprocessing of seismic reflection data using the Common Reflection Surface stack

The influence of deep crustal processes on basin formation and evolution and its relation to current morphology is not well understood yet. A key feature to unravel these issues is a detailed seismic image of the crust. A part of the data recorded by the hydrocarbon industry in the late 1970s and 1980s in the North German Basin were released to the public recently. The seismic reflection data were recorded down to 15 s two-way travel time. The mean Common Midpoint fold of about 20 is relatively low compared to contemporary seismic acquisitions. The processing of the 1980s focussed on the sedimentary structures to explore the hydrocarbon potential of this area. We applied the Common Reflection Surface stack technique to the data sets, which is well suited for low-fold data. The reprocessing was focussed on the imaging of the subsedimentary crustal range. The reprocessed images show enhanced reflections, especially in the mid and lower crustal part. Also, the image of the salt structures in the graben area was improved. Furthermore, the reprocessed images indicate an almost flat Moho topography in the area of the Glückstadt Graben and an additional lower crustal structure, which can be correlated with a high-density body found in recent gravity modeling studies.     

近20年来中国能源消费碳排放时空格局动态

CO₂等温室气体引起的全球气候变暖是对人类社会可持续发展的严峻挑战。基于IPCC提供的参考方法,在对中国大陆30个省区(不含西藏)能源消费碳排放量估算的基础上,运用ESTDA框架,通过ESDA、LISA时间路径、时空跃迁和标准差椭圆等方法,从时空耦合的角度分析了1995-2014年中国能源消费碳排放时空格局动态性。结果表明：①近20年来中国省域碳排放具有显著的空间正相关性,碳排放空间差异呈先缩小后扩大的趋势;②LISA时间路径分析显示,中国大部分省区的局部空间结构具有较强的稳定性,1995-2001年和2002-2014年2个时段相对长度都小于平均长度的省区均为18个,大部分南方省区在空间依赖方向上的波动性呈增强趋势,而北方大多数省区则保持相对稳定;③出现协同运动的省区由1995-2001年的13个下降到2002-2014年的10个,表明中国碳排放空间格局具有一定的空间整合性,但呈减弱趋势;④中国省域碳排放的局部空间关联模式和集聚特征具有较强的稳定性,表现为一定的路径依赖或空间锁定特征;⑤碳排放重心在113.739°~114.324°E、34.475°~35.036°N之间变动,整体上有向西北方向移动的趋势。中国碳排放空间分布呈东北—西南格局,且有逐步向正北—正南转变的趋势。中国碳减排的重点是加快发展清洁能源与提高能效并重,优化能源结构和促进各省区产业结构转型,制定差异化的省域碳减排政策,建立碳交易制度。