边坡工程中压力分散型锚索施工技术

压力分散型锚索是一种新型单孔复合锚固体系,其在同一锚索孔中设置多个单元锚索,各单元锚索具有各自不同的自由长度和锚固长度,并通过预先的补偿张拉,使锚索的集中拉力分成为多个较小且荷载数值相等的分散压力分别作用于各单元锚索的锚固段上。结合330国道K17＋440～695段路基边坡治理的工程实践,论述了压力分散型预应力锚索的施工工艺以及在施工及工程运行管理中应注意的一些要点。     

检波器数量对组合压噪能力的影响

根据组合压噪的有关理论,在其他因素不变的情况下,采用数量越多的检波器,组合压制干扰波的效果越好。这使得人们认为在施工中应该采用尽量多的检波器以提高资料的信噪比。但是通过分析组合中检波器数量对规则干扰波,随机干扰波以及耦合高频微震衰减的影响证明:在其他因素不变的情况下,线性等灵敏度组合增加到"γ_max+3"个检波器以后(其中γ_max=组合基距/最小干扰波视波长), 组合对于规则干扰波的衰减能力不再随着检波器数量的增加而显著提高。在组合基距确定的情况下,检波器数量越多,对随机干扰的衰减越明显(包括在组内距小于随机干扰相关半径的情况下);但是增加到一定数量后,衰减效果不再出现明显变化。检波器数量的多少对衰减耦合高频微震没有明显作用。同时指出,确定组合中合理的检波器数量要与组合的摆放形式相结合;组合图形不合理的情况下,增加检波器数量不会显著提高组合的压噪能力;灵敏度分布不合理,是导致组合压噪能力降低的重要原因。在线性等灵敏度组合的基础上,利用玫瑰图进行分析,可以确定工区面积组合(包括道间混波后)中使用的合理的检波器数量。     

中、美两国铀矿钻探工作量的对比分析

钻探进尺、数量、终孔深度、单位进尺的费用等参数是铀矿勘探中的重要实物工作量和可量化指标。以＂红皮书＂和美国能源信息署等公布的数据为依据,对比分析了中、美两国近两年铀矿钻探统计参数,以及与铀矿勘查之间的关系。     

广西珊瑚钨锡矿床伴生银的迁移沉淀机制

珊瑚钨锡矿床具垂直逆向分带特征,上部富锡,中部富钨锡,下部富钨、硫化物和银。成矿流体的盐度、密度较低,属于弱还原、弱酸性的体系。伴生银以氯络合物和硫络合物形式迁移。银络合物的迁移与沉淀取决于热液中[S2-]的浓度。随成矿温度的降低、Ca2＋浓度增大、pH值增大,成矿流体中S2-浓度增大,导致大量硫化物和含银硫盐沉淀。由于向深部成矿温度逐渐降低,故伴生银主要以含银硫盐形式赋存于矿脉的中下部。     

Ecosystem-based marine spatial management: Review of concepts, policies, tools, and critical issues

Conventional sectoral management and piecemeal governance are considered less and less appropriate in pursuit of sustainable development. Ecosystem based marine spatial management (EB-MSM) is an approach that recognizes the full array of interactions within an ecosystem, including human uses, rather than considering single issues, species, or ecosystem services in isolation. Marine spatial planning and ocean zoning are emerging concepts that can support EB-MSM. EB-MSM is driven by high-level goals that managers aim to achieve through the implementation of measures. High-level goals and objectives need to be translated into more operational objectives before specific targets, limits and measures can be elaborated.Monitoring, evaluation and adaptation are necessary to ensure that marine management measures are both effective and efficient. Solid monitoring frameworks are the foundation of adaptive management, as they provide the necessary information to evaluate performance and the effectiveness of management actions. Marine protected areas (MPAs) - possibly set up in networks - constitute a key component in EB-MSM policies and practises and have been applied as a cornerstone in conservation of marine biodiversity, management of fish populations, development of coastal tourism, etc. Moreover, MPA experiences have provided methods and concepts (such as zoning) to a wider EB-MSM context. The assignment of values to biophysical features of the marine environment allows the direct assessment of related management choices and may assist EB-MSM.A range of monetary valuation techniques have been proposed to reduce attributes of goods and services to a single metric. However, in the marine environment such an approach is often over simplistic, and thus less reductive techniques may be necessary. Rather than producing a single metric, the results of non-monetary assessments guide policy allowing weight to be given as necessary to potential areas of conflict and consensus.Strategies to take into account climate change effects and geohazard risks in EB-MSM have been applied or proposed worldwide. EB-MSM regimes must be alert to such risks and flexible to account for changes.     

NCEP再分析资料和浮标观测资料计算海气热通量的比较

对来自于美国国家环境预报中心公布的NCEP1、NCEP2 再分析资料和来自于定点布放在黄海北部的浮标观测资料进行了比较和分析。结果是： NCEP 再分析资料中的海表气象参数（风速、湿度、气温、海表温度）是可信的。在统计意义上, NCEP2 给出的海表气象参数比NCEP1 与浮标观测值更接近,而净辐射通量则是NCEP1 ...     

海水吸收光谱测量方法比较—定量滤膜技术和现场测量方法

本文对水体吸收光谱的2种测量方法进行了比较,这2种方法分别为基于分光光度计的定量滤膜技术和吸收衰减仪的现场测量方法。为了检验和比较这2种测量方法的不同,同时对两类不同类型水体的吸收系数进行了测量。其中一类水体为实验室培养的单种藻类水体,共有36个样本,包括4大类,分属16个种;另一类水体为黄海水域的水体,包括49个站位数据,基本覆盖了南黄海水域,440 nm的吸收系数在0.05～2.0 m-1之间。结果表明,不同波段实验室培养的单种藻类水体两者测量吸收系数的相关系数平方在0.96～0.98之间,相对均方根误差为14%～16%之间;对于黄海水体的测量,相关系数的平方在0.90～0.94之间,相对均方根误差在14%～27%之间。2种测量方法对这两类水体吸收系数的测量均具有很高的一致性,其中实验室培养的单种藻类水体的测量结果的一致性好于黄海水体的测量结果。     

植物阻沙能力研究进展

植物单株与群落的阻沙能力可以用植物周围沉积的积沙体体积与输沙率来衡量,其受植物地上形态结构、粗糙元密集度以及群落配置等多种因素影响.相同区域环境下不同种类的植物以及同种植物在与风沙活动季节相对应的不同物候期内,阻沙能力受冠层形态、茎枝的柔韧性、叶面积以及由此导致的地上生物量分配模式等因素影响较大.因此,植物的阻沙能力应...     

广州城市快速公交干道网络设计

结合广州市天河路的案例分析,借助交通标准化和规模效益原理,利用地理信息系统的空间分析手段,尝试重新设计运量大、速度快、时效强的快速城市公共交通干线网络,提出建设广州城市一路一线快速公交网络模式的构想。认为一路一线的城市公共交通网络,既利于公交车辆的统一调配,提高道路使用效率,也便于按需发车,缩短等车时间,使整个城市公共交通的运营从真正意义上做到方便快捷。     

Long-term measurements of 36Cl to investigate potential solar influence on the decay rate

Recently, Jenkins et al. [6] reported on fluctuations in the detected decay events of ³⁶Cl which were measured with a Geiger–Müller counter. Experimental data of ³²Si measured by means of an end-window gas-flow proportional counter at the Brookhaven National Laboratory show similar periodicity, albeit a different amplitude. Jenkins et al. interpret the fluctuations as evidence of solar influence on the decay rates of beta-decaying radionuclides.In this work, liquid scintillation counting was used to check for potential variations in the ³⁶Cl decay rates. A custom-built counter with three photomultiplier tubes was used. In contrast to commercial counters, the relevant parameters of our system are well controlled and the discrimination threshold and HV setting can be adjusted and checked. The experimental data were analyzed by means of the triple-to-double coincidence ratio (TDCR) method which is a primary method for activity determination. Thus, our results do not depend on any other standard or reference source.Our data show fluctuations which are by more than one order of magnitude lower than those seen in the experiment using a Geiger–Müller counter. More importantly, no oscillation could be identified. Interestingly, our data overlap in time with those from Jenkins et al. [6]. We do not observe the phase and amplitude as seen by Jenkins and conclude that the fluctuations are not due to solar influence. This also implies that the interpretation by Jenkins et al. is false.