A diagnostic analysis on the effect of the residual layer in convective boundary layer development near Mongolia using 20th century reanalysis data

Although the residual layer has already been noted in the classical diurnal cycle of the atmospheric boundary layer,its effect on the development of the convective boundary layer has not been well studied. In this study, based on 3-hourly20 th century reanalysis data, the residual layer is considered as a common layer capping the convective boundary layer. It is identified daily by investigating the development of the convective boundary layer. The region of interest is bounded by(30°–60° N, 80°–120° E), where a residual layer deeper than 2000 m has been reported using radiosondes. The lapse rate and wind shear within the residual layer are compared with the surface sensible heat flux by investigating their climatological means, interannual variations and daily variations. The lapse rate of the residual layer and the convective boundary layer depth correspond well in their seasonal variations and climatological mean patterns. On the interannual scale, the correlation coefficient between their regional averaged(40°–50°N, 90°–110° E) variations is higher than that between the surface sensible heat flux and convective boundary layer depth. On the daily scale, the correlation between the lapse rate and the convective boundary layer depth in most months is still statistically significant during 1970–2012. Therefore, we suggest that the existence of a deep neutral residual layer is crucial to the formation of a deep convective boundary layer near the Mongolian regions.     

红河断裂带闭锁程度和滑动亏损分布特征研究

利用1999~2013年青藏高原东南缘的GPS速度场观测数据,采用DEFNODE程序反演红河断裂带走滑速率、三维闭锁程度和滑动亏损分布。反演结果表明:红河断裂带北、中、南段右旋走滑速率分别约为(5.9±1.2)mm/a,(4.8±0.6)mm/a和(4.3±0.4)mm/a,在地表以下6km的闭锁程度分别为0.43,0.22和0.25,其滑动亏损速率分别为3.3mm/a,2.6mm/a和2.3mm/a,红河断裂带闭锁程度和应变积累程度都比较低,与近年来红河断裂带整体活动微弱的现状相吻合。     

水脉泽寄主活动星系核的吸积率(英文)

水超脉泽辐射( 各向同性光度超过 10 个太阳光度) 通常在星系中心最内部的核区( 小于几个秒差距) 被发现,因而活动星系核被认为是其唯一的能量源。同其它没有检测到水脉泽辐射的活动星系核相比,水脉泽寄主活动星系核可能隐含着某种或某些特殊性质。基于此我们调研了已经公开发表的所有水脉泽源的 X 射线观测情况,得到了一个有 X 射线观测研究结果的子样本( 39 个源) 。由它们的 X 射线光度以及估算的黑洞质量,导出了它们的无量纲吸积率( logL2-10keV /LEdd,其中 L2-10keV和 LEdd分别是 2 - 10keV 的固有光度和爱丁顿光度) ; 与距离范围相当的、没有检测到水脉泽的活动星系核样本相比,发现脉泽寄主活动星系核有较高的吸积率。进一步分析比较这两个活动星系核样本的质量吸积率,也发现类似的趋势。此外,为了探索吸积率和水脉泽辐射间可能的内在联系,我们对它们的脉泽光度和吸积率进行了统计分析,然而结果显示二者之间没有明显的相关性。     

Zn2+对日本沼虾(Macrobrachium nipponensis)的急性致毒效应

在水温(27.4±1.3)℃条件下,以体长(33.23±1.66)mm、体质量(0.7893±0.1518)g的日本沼虾为实验动物,采用静水停食法开展了Zn2+对日本沼虾的急性毒性实验,并以此为基础,测定了Zn2+不同质量浓度水平下日本沼虾的耗氧率与窒息点.结果表明:(1)Zn2+对日本沼虾的急性致死效应与其呼吸生理代谢受阻密切相关;(2) Zn2+对日本沼虾24h、48h、72h、96h的半致死质量浓度依次为1.493、0.844、0.643和0.464mg/L; (3) Zn2+对日本沼虾昼均、夜均和日均耗氧率均无显著影响的阈值为0.046mg/L,该值为Zn2+对日本沼虾急性毒性的安全质量浓度;(4) Zn2+对日本沼虾产生轻度胁迫和中度胁迫的质量浓度范围分别为0.046-0.064mg/L和0.064-0.082mg/L.     

不同卸荷速率下岩石强度特性研究

卸荷条件下的岩石强度特性研究对于分析开挖作用下岩石工程的安全性具有极为重要的意义。卸荷试验中影响岩石强度的因素很多,包括岩性、卸荷点的位置、卸荷应力路径和卸荷速率等,以锦屏大理岩为对象,重点研究卸荷速率对强度的影响。提出用屈服接近速率来统一表征加荷和卸荷下的应力增加或减小的速率,通过比较加荷和卸荷条件下的屈服接近速率表明,当围压卸荷速率为常规试验轴向应力加荷速率的0.2～0.3倍时,两种应力路径下接近破坏时的屈服接近速率相当。通过2D弹塑性细胞自动机的数值试验和大理岩的室内卸围压试验来验证理论分析的结果,表明:围压卸荷速率越大,岩样的强度就越高;当卸荷速率为常规轴向加荷速率的0.2～0.3倍时,卸荷和加荷路径下的强度相当。从而得出结论:对于各种卸荷应力路径,如果卸荷点处于弹性范围内,当接近破坏时的屈服接近速率一定时,应力路径对强度的影响不明显。     

Minimum Bedrock Exposure Ages and Their Implications: Larsemann Hills and Neighboring Bolingen Islands, East Antarctica

<正>Considerable controversy exists over whether or not extensive glaciation occurred during the global Last Glacial Maximum(LGM) in the Larsemann Hills.In this study we use the in situ produced cosmogenic nuclide ~(10)Be(half life 1.51 Ma) to provide minimum exposure ages for six bedrock samples and one erratic boulder in order to determine the last period of deglaciation in the Larsemann Hills and on the neighboring Bolingen Islands.Three bedrock samples taken from Friendship Mountain(the highest peak on the Mirror Peninsula,Larsemann Hills;～2 km from the ice sheet) have minimum exposure ages ranging from 40.0 to 44.7 ka.The erratic boulder from Peak 106(just at the edge of the ice sheet) has a younger minimum exposure age of only 8.8 ka.The minimum exposure ages for two bedrock samples from Blundell Peak(the highest peak on Stornes Peninsula,Larsemann Hills;～2 km from the ice sheet) are about 17 and 18 ka.On the Bolingen Islands(southwest to the Larsemann Hills;～10 km from the ice sheet),the minimum exposure age for one bedrock sample is similar to that at Friendship Mountain(i.e.,44 ka).Our results indicate that the bedrock exposure in the Larsemann Hills and on the neighboring Bolingen Islands commenced obviously before the global LGM(i.e.,20-22 ka),and the bedrock erosion rates at the Antarctic coast areas may be obviously higher than in the interior land.     

舒兰煤田水曲柳区煤层气分布规律及利用方向浅析

舒兰煤田水曲柳区煤层气在平面上富气中心分布与富煤中心一致。该区煤层气属特低丰度、中等埋深的小型煤气田。适宜井下瓦斯抽采。可在建井后,在瓦斯富集部位煤层底板岩巷中,采用钻孔抽采方式,可回收近1.8亿m3煤层气,不但提高了资源的利用率,还将减少环境污染,提高了煤矿生产安全度,具有显著的经济意义和社会效益。     

土壤入渗特性的空间变异性及土壤转换函数

以在杨陵一级阶地上进行的入渗试验为基础,利用多重分形和联合多重分形方法,研究分析了土壤入渗特性在多尺度上的空间变异性及与土壤物理特性的相关性,并在此基础上建立了土壤入渗特性的土壤转换函数。研究表明:土壤入渗特性具有多重分形特征,观测尺度上,稳定入渗率、前30 min累积入渗量的空间变异都主要由粗粉粒和粘粒含量的空间变异造成。在多尺度上,稳定入渗率的空间变异受土壤容重、粗粉粒和粘粒含量的空间分布影响显著,前30 min累积入渗量的空间变异受粗粉粒和粘粒含量的空间分布影响显著,与观测尺度上的影响因素相同。基于联合多重分形分析建立的稳定入渗率的土壤转换函数的计算误差较小,前30 min累积入渗量的土壤转换函数的计算误差较大。     

Geomorphological,stratigraphic and geochronological evidence of fast Pleistocene coastal uplift in the westernmost part of the Corinth Gulf Rift (Greece)

Rapid extension and active normal faulting in the western extremity of the Corinth Gulf are accompanied by fast coastal uplift. We investigate Pleistocene uplift west of Aigion, by attempting to date remains of marine terraces and sedimentary sequences by calcareous nannoplankton and U‐series analyses. Net uplift initiated recently, due to abandonment of an older rift‐bounding fault zone and increase in activity on the presently active, coastal fault zone. This change apparently coincides with an abrupt slow down (or, termination) of secondary fault block tilting within the broader hangingwall block of the older zone, indicated by an angular unconformity that dates in the early part of MIS10 (∼390–350 ka BP, preferably, in the earlier part of this period). Net uplift driven by the coastal zone resulted in the formation of MIS9c (330 ka) and younger terraces. The formation of the unconformity and the initiation of net uplift coincide temporally with a ∼300–400 ka unconformity recognized by recent studies in a wide area offshore Aigion i.e. they could be part of an evolutionary event that affected the entire western part of the Corinth Rift or, a large area therein. Uplift rate estimates at four locations are discussed with reference to the morphotectonic context of differential uplift of secondary fault blocks, and the context of possible increase in uplift rate with time. The most reliable and most useful estimate for uplift rate at the longitude of the studied transect is 1.74–1.85 mm/year (time‐averaged estimate for the last ∼240 ka, based on calcareous nannoplankton and sequence‐stratigraphic interpretation). Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

1948-2009年塔里木盆地空中水汽输送时空分布特征

利用1948-2009年美国NCEP/NCAR的逐月再分析资料(2.5°×2.5°),分析了塔里木地区大气中不同层次水平和垂直方向的水汽输入、输出和收支情况及其变化趋势.结果表明:1)塔里木盆地上空水平方向为水汽汇,且纬向贡献大于经向,垂直方向水汽主要由下层向中上层输送;2)水汽的水平和垂直净收支均具有季节性变化,且夏季辐合为主,冬季辐散为主;3)水汽的水平和垂直输送都表现为较一致的年际变化,且均在1970年代中后期出现了较明显的年代际突变;4)在1978年到2003年全球变暖明显的时段内,水平方向水汽净输入量呈减少趋势,垂直方向呈增加趋势.可以认为,在气候变化背景下,全球变暖加速了水循环,但同时改变了纬向的热力差异,导致塔里木盆地局地水循环的加速,以及经向水汽净输入量的减少.