消能减震技术在某公共建筑改造加固中的应用

本文以某公共建筑改造工程为背景,针对改造过程中存在的大量梁、柱承载力不足,且主控参数超限等问题,提出了在框架结构中适当位置增设黏滞阻尼器的加固方案,使改造后的结构形成消能减震体系,减小地震作用。采用有限元软件分析了加固方案下结构在多遇和罕遇地震作用下的时程反应,研究了消能减震效果。结果表明,经加固改造后,各主控参数均可满足现行规范要求,大幅度提高了罕遇地震作用下结构抗震性能;通过合理设置黏滞阻尼器,减小了地震作用,大幅度缩小了梁、柱加固范围。     

螺旋CT三维重建在脑血管疾病诊断中的应用

目的评价螺旋CT三维重建在脑血管疾病诊断中的作用.方法对51例临床脑血管病患者行脑增强CT扫描后三维重建图像进行分析,所有检查采用GE Hispeed NX/I所排CT扫描机,将图像传输至工作站进行三维重建; 图像经2位以上放射科诊断医师阅片分析.结果51例临床脑血管病患者中:脑血管正常14例;单纯变异7例;其他脑血管均有不同程度变窄(30例),其中混合型变窄12例(两支以上含两支脑血管变窄),脑血管变异合并脑血管变窄5例,脑血管单支变窄13例.结论螺旋CT脑增强扫描三维重建是诊断脑血管病变的比较理想且有效的检查方法.     

考虑实际投影成像平面位置的扇束滤波反投影(FFBP)算法

扇束滤波反投影(Fan-beam Filtered Back Projection- FFBP)算法理论公式中,投影成像平面位于旋转中心;而实际CT扫描系统中,投影成像平面与旋转中心都存在一定距离.考虑到实际投影成像平面位置,本文推导了它的FFBP算法(即IFFBP-Improved Fan-beam Filtered Back Projection算法),比较了此两种情况下(即忽略成像平面与旋转中心距离)FFBP、IFFBP算法重建质量.计算机模拟和实验结果证明了IFFBP算法的正确性.     

Testing the Landscape Reconstruction Algorithm for spatially explicit reconstruction of vegetation in northern Michigan and Wisconsin

The Landscape Reconstruction Algorithm (LRA) overcomes some of the fundamental problems in pollen analysis for quantitative reconstruction of vegetation. LRA first uses the REVEALS model to estimate regional vegetation using pollen data from large sites and then the LOVE model to estimate vegetation composition within the relevant source area of pollen (RSAP) at small sites by subtracting the background pollen estimated from the regional vegetation composition. This study tests LRA using training data from forest hollows in northern Michigan (35 sites) and northwestern Wisconsin (43 sites). In northern Michigan, surface pollen from 152-ha and 332-ha lakes is used for REVEALS. Because of the lack of pollen data from large lakes in northwestern Wisconsin, we use pollen from 21 hollows randomly selected from the 43 sites for REVEALS. RSAP indirectly estimated by LRA is comparable to the expected value in each region. A regression analysis and permutation test validate that the LRA-based vegetation reconstruction is significantly more accurate than pollen percentages alone in both regions. Even though the site selection in northwestern Wisconsin is not ideal, the results are robust. The LRA is a significant step forward in quantitative reconstruction of vegetation.     

QUATERNARY GEOLOGY & GEOMORPHOLOGY

正20142336Chen Bishan(Department of Earth Sciences,Sun Yat-Sen University,Guangzhou 510275,China);Zheng Zhuo Sedimentation Rate and Environmental Reconstruction Based on Grain-Size and Pollen-Spores Analysis from Huangdong Reservoir,Huizhou City     

Seismic stratigraphy and structural analysis of the northern East China Sea Shelf Basin interpreted from multi-channel seismic reflection data and cross-section restoration

Analysis of multi-channel seismic data from the northern East China Sea Shelf Basin (ECSSB) reveals three sub-basins (Socotra, Domi, and Jeju basins), separated by structural highs (Hupijiao Rise) and faulted basement blocks. These sub-basins show a typical rift-basin development: faulted basement and syn-rift and post-rift sedimentation separated by unconformities. Four regional unconformities, including the top of acoustic basement, have been identified and mapped from multi-channel seismic data. Faults in the acoustic basement are generally trending NE, parallel to the regional structural trend of the area. The depths of the acoustic basement range from less than 1000 m in the northwestern part of the Domi Basin to more than 4500 m in the Socotra Basin and 5500 m in the Jeju Basin. The total sediment thicknesses range from less than 500 m to about 1500 m in the northwest where the acoustic basement is shallow and reach about more than 5500 m in the south.Interpretation of seismic reflection data and reconstruction of three depth-converted seismic profiles reveal that the northern ECSSB experienced two phases of rifting, followed by regional subsidence. The initial rifting in the Late Cretaceous was driven by the NW-SE crustal stretching of the Eurasian Plate, caused by the subduction of the Pacific Plate beneath the Eurasian Plate. Extension was the greatest during the early phase of basin formation; estimated rates of extension during the initial rifting are 2%, 6.5%, and 3.5% in the Domi, Jeju, and Socotra basins, respectively. A regional uplift terminated the rifting in the Late Eocene-Early Oligocene. Rifting and extension, although mild, resumed in the Early Oligocene; while fluvio-lacustrine deposition continued to prevail. The estimated rates of extension during the second phase of rifting are 0.7%, 0.8%, and 0.5% in the Domi, Jeju, and Socotra basins, respectively. A second phase of uplift in the Early Miocene terminated the rifting, marking the transition to the post-rift phase of regional subsidence. Regional subsidence dominated the study area between the Early Miocene and the Late Miocene. An inversion in the Late Miocene interrupted the post-rift subsidence, resulting in an extensive thrust-fold belt in the eastern part of the area. Uplift and subsequent erosion were followed by regional subsidence.     

Continental European Eemian and early Würmian climate evolution: comparing signals using different quantitative reconstruction approaches based on pollen

Analyses of Eemian climate dynamics based on different reconstruction methods were conducted for several pollen sequences in the northern alpine foreland. The modern analogue and mutual climate sphere techniques used, which are briefly presented, complement one another with respect to comparable results. The reconstructions reveal the occurrence of at least two similar thermal periods, representing temperate oceanic conditions warmer and with a higher humidity than today. Intense changes of climate processes become obvious with a shift of winter temperatures of about 15 °C from the late Rissian to the first thermal optimum of the Eemian. The transition shows a pattern of summer temperatures and precipitation increasing more rapidly than winter temperatures. With the first optimum during the Pinus–Quercetum mixtum–Corylus phase (PQC) at an early stage of the Eemian and a second optimum period at a later stage, which is characterised by widespread Carpinus, climate gradients across the study area were less intense than today. Average winter temperatures vary between −1.9 and 0.4 °C (present-day −3.6 to 1.4 °C), summer temperatures between 17.8 and 19.6 °C (present-day 14 to 18.9 °C). The timberline expanded about 350 m when compared to the present-day limit represented by Pinus mugo. Whereas the maximum of temperature parameters is related to the first optimum, precipitation above 1100 mm is higher during the second warm period concomitant to somewhat reduced temperatures. Intermediate, smaller climate oscillations and a cooling becomes obvious, which admittedly represent moderate deterioration but not extreme chills. During the boreal semicontinental Eemian Pinus–Picea–Abies phase, another less distinct fluctuation occurs, initiating the oscillating shift from temperate to cold conditions.     

中美半干旱区长期地表通量序列的构建及检验

基于中美半干旱区8个野外试验站点2003—2008年的观测数据,选择最小二乘法线性拟合、多项式拟合、以及双重回归拟合等方法,对NCEP再分析数据集的地表通量数据进行了系统的检验和订正。结果表明,对于日平均值,拟合订正效果相对较差,仅部分站点的土壤含水量以及地表感热和潜热通量可以使用曲线拟合的方法得以改进。对月平均值,3种方案都有不同程度的订正改进效果,订正的序列还原了数据的季节变化趋势。在此基础上,综合线性回归和曲线拟合两种方法的优势,最大程度地还原资料的线性趋势,并减小因截断误差造成的信息损失,构建了中美半干旱区长期的地表通量数据序列。所构建的半干旱区长期地表通量序列也为深入认识中美半干旱区陆气相互作用的基本特征以及模式结果验证,提供了宝贵的基础数据。     

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On accurate dense stereo-matching using a local adaptive multi-cost approach

Defining pixel correspondences among images is a fundamental process in fully automating image-based 3D reconstruction. In this contribution, we show that an adaptive local stereo-method of high computational efficiency may provide accurate 3D reconstructions under various scenarios, or even outperform global optimizations. We demonstrate that census matching cost on image gradients is more robust, and we exponentially combine it with the absolute difference in colour and in principal image derivatives. An aggregated cost volume is computed by linearly expanded cross skeleton support regions. A novel consideration is the smoothing of the cost volume via a modified 3D Gaussian kernel, which is geometrically constrained; this offers 3D support to cost computation in order to relax the inherent assumption of “fronto-parallelism” in local methods. The above steps are integrated into a hierarchical scheme, which exploits adaptive windows. Hence, failures around surface discontinuities, typical in hierarchical matching, are addressed. Extensive results are presented for datasets from popular benchmarks as well as for aerial and high-resolution close-range images.