新疆地区环境噪声层析成像研究

本文利用北京大学宽频带流动地震台阵和新疆地震监测台网12个月连续地震记录数据,采用环境噪声层析成像方法获得了新疆地区的周期从10～35 s范围内的瑞利面波相速度异常分布图像.研究结果与地表地质构造相一致,新疆地区的天山、两盆大地构造与瑞利面波相速度异常有较好的对应关系.短周期10～20 s的图像显示两个盆地内都呈现低速...     

Rayleigh波勘探中“之”字形频散曲线“起跳点”频率研究

当层状介质中存在低速层的时候,实际提取到的Rayleigh波频散曲线往往会发生“之”字形回折.已有研究表明,“之”字形回折与各模式的激发能量有关.特别的,“之”字形回折的“起跳点”(发生“之”字形回折的点)与介质参数有一定关系,因此在应用中它反映了介质的一些特征.但是,这一关系是怎样的还没有人进行详细研究.本文计算了三...     

Influence of Uneven Trace Spacing on Rayleigh Wave Dispersion

Rayleigh wave dispersion signals are significant to underground investigation.Tradition-ally,uniformed trace spacing is employed in surface wave surveys.In some cases,however,uneven trace spacing is often encountered because of the limitations of the site condition.In order to study the influence of uneven trace spacing on the dispersion data construction of Rayleigh waves,data acquisi-tion is performed based on a 2.5D field layout with a linear array of geophones fixed and a mobile source.The observation d...     

多道瞬态瑞雷波法在地基强夯质量检测中的应用探讨

为了提高地基承载力,减少填土的不均匀沉降,对软土地基进行强夯加固是一种十分经济有效的地基处理方法。在沿海地区,填海工程和低丘整平地基处理中,大量使用强夯法。因此,强夯地基效果的检测十分重要。本文通过对多道瑞雷波法理论以及在强务地基检测应用效果的探讨,采用加权平均值法统计各测试．最地基土的承载力特征值,对整个测区的强夯效果进行全面评价。     

微动物探方法探测采空区

采空区探测通常采用瞬变电磁法与地震勘探方法,前者采用人工电场,后者采用人工震源,但二者施工难度大,数据采集也困难.微动探测是从台阵微动记录的垂直分量中提取瑞利波相速度频散曲线,再通过对频散曲线的反演估算地下介质S波速度,利用其低速异常解释采空区.以铜川东坡煤矿某区的探测为例,在煤层埋深50m左右、微动探测深度100m的情况下,即解释的采空区与地面电法解释的结果高度一致.     

Dipping-interface Mapping Using Mode-separated Rayleigh Waves

Multichannel analysis of surface waves (MASW) method is a non-invasive geophysical technique that uses the dispersive characteristic of Rayleigh waves to estimate a vertical shear (S)-wave velocity profile. A pseudo-2D S-wave velocity section is constructed by aligning 1D S-wave velocity profiles at the midpoint of each receiver spread that are contoured using a spatial interpolation scheme. The horizontal resolution of the section is therefore most influenced by the receiver spread length and the source interval. Based on the assumption that a dipping-layer model can be regarded as stepped flat layers, high-resolution linear Radon transform (LRT) has been proposed to image Rayleigh-wave dispersive energy and separate modes of Rayleigh waves from a multichannel record. With the mode-separation technique, therefore, a dispersion curve that possesses satisfactory accuracy can be calculated using a pair of consecutive traces within a mode-separated shot gather. In this study, using synthetic models containing a dipping layer with a slope of 5, 10, 15, 20, or 30 degrees and a real-world example, we assess the ability of using high-resolution LRT to image and separate fundamental-mode Rayleigh waves from raw surface-wave data and accuracy of dispersion curves generated by a pair of consecutive traces within a mode-separated shot gather. Results of synthetic and real-world examples demonstrate that a dipping interface with a slope smaller than 15 degrees can be successfully mapped by separated fundamental waves using high-resolution LRT.     

Effect of soil stiffness in the attenuation of Rayleigh-wave motions from field measurements

The amplitude of vertical ground surface vibrations generated by impact tests on the ground surface was measured at various radial distances from the point of impact at locations of Greece. The results of measurements were analyzed in the frequency domain (in the range from 0–100 Hz) and the attenuation characteristics of soil materials were studied in terms of a frequency-independent attenuation coefficient, a₀, of the empirical Bornitz equation. The aim of the study was to investigate the effect of soil stiffness (expressed by the value of low-amplitude shear wave velocity of soil, V_SO) on the value of attenuation coefficient, a₀. Values of V_SO for the tested soils were estimated by applying the methodology of Spectral Analysis of Surface Waves (SASW) technique and utilizing the surface vibration data. An empirical relationship between a₀ and V_SO1 (V_SO1 is the representative value of V_SO for the soil profile up to a depth of one wavelength) was established for values of V_SO1 ranging from 140 to 1000 m/s. A similar relationship in terms of the low-amplitude shear modulus of soil, G_O1, was also established by converting the V_SO1 values to G_O1 values. The experimental results were compared to values reported in the literature for comparable soil types and frequencies of vibration and a reasonable agreement was found to exist. The proposed empirical relationship can be utilized in many practical applications of soil dynamics requiring the knowledge of the attenuation rate of Rayleigh waves with distance in various types of soils.     

Crust and Upper Structure of Qinghai-Tibet Plateau and Its Adjacent Regions From Surface Waveform Inversion

CRUST AND UPPER STRUCTURE OF QINGHAI-TIBET PLATEAU AND ITS ADJACENT REGIONS FROM SURFACE WAVEFORM INVERSION     

Rayleigh Scattering and Laser Spot Elongation Problems at ALFA

This article describes the qualitative effects of LGS spot elongation and Rayleigh scattering on ALFA wavefront sensor images.An analytical model of Rayleigh scattering and a numerical model of laser plume generation at the altitude of the Na-layer were developed. These models, integrated into ageneral AO simulation, provide the sensor sub-apertureimages. It is shown that the centroid measurement accuracyis affected by these phenomena. The simulation was made both for the ALFA system and for the VLT Nasmyth Adaptive Optics System (NAOS).