线性体图像自动矢量化算法研究

依据线图的结构特点,首先提取节点信息快速抓住图像的总体拓扑结构,然后以节点信息指导进行矢量跟踪,能够有效解决复杂的交叉点问题,提高矢量化的效率和精度。基于节点信息指导和对不同连通体分类跟踪的方法避免了跟踪起始点选取的随意性和跟踪方向选取的盲目性,并具有抗噪性好和适应性强的特点。     

常梯度声线跟踪中平均声速的改进算法

在对多波束测深常用声线跟踪算法进行分析的基础上,提出了一种改进的声线跟踪算法,即沿声线传播的圆弧路径进行积分来求取层内的平均声速,进而推导了严密的多波束测深波束脚印位置的计算公式。理论推导表明,常用的声线跟踪算法的平均声速是将声线的圆弧传播路径当作对应弧段弦时的改进算法平均声速的近似解。实验表明,改进的声线跟踪算法比常用的声线跟踪算法更严密。     

Changes to sediment sources following wildfire in a forested upland catchment,southeastern Australia

Few investigations link post‐fire changes to sediment sources and erosion processes with sediment yield response at the catchment scale. This linkage is essential if downstream impacts on sediment transport after fire are to be understood in the context of fire effects across different forest environments. In this study, we quantify changing source contributions to fine sediment (<63 µm) exported from a eucalypt forest catchment (136 ha) burnt by wildfire. The study catchment is one of a pair of research catchments located in the East Kiewa River valley in southeastern Australia that have been the subject of a research program investigating wildfire effects on runoff, erosion, and catchment sediment/nutrient exports. This previous research provided the opportunity to couple insights gained from a range of measurement techniques with the application of fallout radionuclides ¹³⁷Cs and ²¹⁰Pb_ex to trace sediment sources. It was found that hillslope surface erosion dominated exports throughout the 3·5‐year post‐fire measurement period. During this time there was a pronounced decline in the proportional surface contribution from close to 100% in the first six months to 58% in the fourth year after fire. Over the study period, hillslope surface sources accounted for 93% of the fine sediment yield from the burnt catchment. The largest decline in the hillslope contribution occurred between the first and second years after fire, which corresponded with the previously reported large decline in sediment yield, breakdown of water repellency in burnt soils, substantial reduction in hillslope erodibility, and rapid surface vegetation recovery. Coupling the information on sediment sources with hillslope process measurements indicated that only a small proportion of slopes contributed sediment to the catchment outlet, with material derived from near‐channel areas dominating the post‐fire catchment sediment yield response. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

SCATTERING PHASE MATRICES OF ICE CRYSTALS WITH HEXAGONAL PRISM AND TRIANGULAR PYRAMID FORM—A VECTOR RAY TRACING METHOD

The work presented previously by the authors(Cai and Liou,1982)has been extended in this paper.By making use of our improved model the calculations on scattering phase matrices of hexagonal prismice crystals(HPIC)have been conducted for monodisperse and polydisperse systems.Compared with themodel of Cai and Liou,the required computational quantity is decreased by about two orders of magni-tude and the errors of results are less for the new model.Meanwhile,the scattering phase matrices of triangularpyramid ice crystals(TPIC)are also computed in the paper,and the comparison between the scatterings of thetwo forms of ice crystals is performed.     

Reverse time migration with Gaussian beams using optimized ray tracing systems in transversely isotropic media

Prestack depth migration is a key technology for imaging complex reservoirs in media with strong lateral velocity variations. Prestack migrations are broadly separated into ray-based and wave-equation-based methods. Because of its efficiency and flexibility, ray-based Kirchhoff migration is popular in the industry. However, it has difficulties in dealing with the multi-arrivals, caustics and shadow zones. On the other hand, wave-equation-based methods produce images superior to that of the ray-based methods, but they are expensive numerically, especially methods based on two-way propagators in imaging large regions. Therefore, reverse time migration algorithms with Gaussian beams have recently been proposed to reduce the cost, as they combine the high computational efficiency of Gaussian beam migration and the high accuracy of reverse time migration. However, this method was based on the assumption that the subsurface is isotropic. As the acquired azimuth and maximum offsets increase, taking into account the influence of anisotropy on seismic migration is becoming more and more crucial. Using anisotropic ray tracing systems in terms of phase velocity, we proposed an anisotropic reverse time migration using the Gaussian beams method. We consider the influence of anisotropy on the propagation direction and calculate the amplitude of Gaussian beams with optimized correlation coefficients in dynamic ray tracing, which simplifies the calculations and improves the applicability of the proposed method. Numerical tests on anisotropic models demonstrate the efficiency and accuracy of the proposed method, which can be used to image complex structures in the presence of anisotropy in the overburden.     

四川彭州大宝山铜矿矿石与三星堆青铜器关联性研究

四川省广汉三星堆遗址出土了大量青铜器,目前关于三星堆青铜器铜料来源的研究尚无定论,通过对大宝山铜矿遗留矿洞进行实际调查,并在不同采矿点采集矿石以及冶炼弃渣样品进行铅同位素测定以及Cu、Pb、Zn等主要金属元素,Au、Ag、Se、As、Sb等亲铜元素和Ni、Co等亲铁元素的含量测定。采用铅同位素比值法和微量元素示踪法,与前人对三星堆青铜器化学成分的研究结果进行比对,综合分析大宝山铜矿与三星堆青铜器铜料来源的关联性,结果揭示：（1）大宝山铜矿石为普通铅,用铅同位素比值法对三星堆这类含特殊铅青铜器的铜料进行溯源研究不能准确的得到其铜矿石来源。（2）微量元素含量特征表明三星堆青铜器中大部分青铜器的微量元素组合特征与大宝山铜矿的微量元素特征接近。（3）通过微量元素的进一步因子分析和聚类分析,表明三星堆部分青铜器的微量元素组合特征与大宝山铜矿大部分样品相似,该部分青铜器铜料很可能来自大宝山铜矿。     

二步法射线追踪

本文提出的二步法射线追踪,能够在复杂地质模型下有效、准确地确定射线在炮点的出射角,使得射线恰好到达检波点.射线到达地面的位置是射线在炮点的出射角的函数,称为出射函数.二步法射线追踪通过搜索出射函数的极值点来确定其单调变化的区间;然后通过比较检波点位置与出射函数极值的大小,确定与检波点相对应的出射角究竟落在出射函数的哪一个单调变化的区间里;最后,利用出射函数在局部区域里单调变化的性质,迅速、准确地确定与检波点相对应的出射角.出射函数的极值点,对于共炮集中每一个检波点和检波点中每一个不同方向的入射射线都是适用的,因此,二步法射线追踪只需要进行一次一维全局搜索（极值点搜索）.另外,本文采用B-样条的线性组合来表示速度函数,通过提高B-样条的阶数,可以改善速度函数的光滑程度,从而既满足射线追踪对于速度函数光滑性的要求,又加强射线在炮点的出射角对于射线的控制作用.     

地震层析成象技术在测井和地面反射资料集中的应用研究

本文以射线的折射和反射定律为基础,采用阻尼最小二乘法（在CT技术中,常称为SIRT算法）和单井单侧多偏移距的反射资料以及地面反射资料,研究反射波层析成象技术对二维弯曲界面的成层结构进行重构的情况。数字模拟试验表明,本文提出的逐层成象方法对透镜体和尖灭地层的成象颇为有效,反演结果对误差扰动是稳定的。 本文所述的成象方法及处理技术可推广到只用地面反射资料进行地层重构的情形。     

Developing an algorithm for reconstruction of blocky systems in discontinuous media: two-dimensional analysis

Block detection is one of the most important steps in all discontinuous methods of analysis like Discontinuous Deformation Analysis (DDA) and Discrete Element Method (DEM). This is in fact a pre-processing step for those methods. In this study, a comprehensive computational algorithm, for tracing rock block created by discontinuities, has been developed. Using square matrices with integer elements and performing edge regularization step, reduce the size of the matrices due to elimination of unnecessary edges and vertices. Therefore speed and accuracy of block tracing operation will be increased. This algorithm is able to trace and identify all kind of blocks including convex and concave blocks formed by limited or unlimited fractures. The algorithm was programmed in C#.Net by over 3400 code lines and some cases were modeled by the code as example.