Der Einfluß des Bibers (Castor fiber albicus) auf die Fauna (Odonata, Mollusca, Trichoptera, Ephemeroptera, Diptera) von Mittelgebirgsbächen in Hessen (Deutschland)

Due to the return of the beaver an increasing number of brooks become restored to a natural condition. It is characterized by an alternation of flowing and standing sectors. In the summer of 1995, different groups of organisms (Odonata, Mollusca, Trichoptera, Ephemeroptera, Diptera) of two brooks in the Spessart mountains (Hesse, Germany) were studied to compare the composition of invertebrates in beaver homeranges and in the non-influenced sectors above. The new living conditions resulted in the disappearance of some species (Drusus anulatus, Trich., Sericostoma personatum, Trich., Radix peregra, Gastr.). Nevertheless the beaver homeranges accommodate a significant higher number of species of dragon flies and damsel flies, molluscs and caddis flies than the brooks above the homeranges. The heterogeneity of natural river systems make a coexistence of running water and silent water organisms possible. The examinations result in a significant higher group dominance of ephemeras (i.p. Cloeon dipterum) in a beaver pond than in lenitic sectors conditioned by the gradient without beaver influence. Here the dominance of chironomids was much higher. High current sectors with their characteristic organisms are also present in the beaver homeranges. The higher number of insects is the basis of nourishment for predatory insects and fishes. The potential effects of beaver ponds on fishes are discussed.     

Hydrodynamic loads on subsea robots

Free floating subsea robots are often subjected to complex hydrodynamic loads due to waves/currents and wakes from nearby structures. This makes control extremely difficult. Good hydrodynamics data might counteract this. This paper presents hydrodynamics data for two configurations undergoing various combinations of steady translation and approximately steady rotation. The two configurations are: a spherical body with a single fixed link arm and a two link arm without a body. For both configurations neural networks were found to provide a reasonable fit to the data. We believe that such fits could be used to improve control.     

Dynamic pressures on inclined cylinders due to freak waves

The dynamic pressure distribution around a cylinder tilted along and against the principal wave direction is measured. The cylinder was exposed to the action of random waves in the presence and absence of extreme waves. Six inclinations from the vertical plane, three along and three against the wave direction, were considered. The cylinder in upright position was also studied. The variation of dimensionless peak pressure (pressure maximum/average highest one-third wave height, H_1/3) with the relative wave height (maximum wave height/H_1/3) for locations facing the wave and at the rear of the cylinder for different angles of inclinations of the cylinder are reported for the two kinds of waves mentioned earlier. The statistical properties of the different asymmetries in the pressure traces are also discussed.     

Stability analysis of the heave motion of marine cable-body systems

The dynamic stability of the heave motion of marine cable-body systems operating in alternating taut–slack conditions is considered, based upon a single-degree-of-freedom model. In this model the fluid damping is linearised and the cable is replaced by a spring of bi-linear stiffness. The period-one Poincare map is derived, and its stability is analysed by examining its Jacobian matrix. Numerical simulations are also carried out to show the transition from a periodic response to a chaotic one through period doubling.     

Exploring the potential of artificial intelligence techniques in prediction of the removal efficiency of vortex tube silt ejector

A vortex tube silt ejector is a curative hydraulic structure used to remove sediment deposits from canals and is recognized as one of the most efficient substitutes for physically removing canal sediment. The spatially varied flow in the channel and the rotational flow behavior in the tube make the silt removal process complex. It is even harder to accurately predict the silt removal efficiency by traditional models accurately. However, artificial intelligence(AI) and machine learning approaches...     

新疆平原沙漠区湖泊干缩生态效应初探

50年代至80年代初,新疆平原沙漠区湖泊普遍处于退缩状态,一些湖泊干涸或基本干涸,这是湖泊所在流域上、中游地区灌溉事业发展的必然结果。到目前为止,湖泊干缩所引起生态环境的变化,其范围主要限于湖周有限区域;变化的幅度尚未达到对人类生活和生湖泊及湖周有限区域生态环境的恶化中,人类不正确的活动方式占了很大比重。     

底泥疏浚效果及环境效应研究进展

底泥疏浚的效果至今仍存在很大争议,其中之一是疏浚后所产生的环境效果有可能偏离人们的期望.疏浚能够有效的削减沉积物中营养物、重金属和持久性有机物等污染物含量,但疏浚过程中会引起污染物向水体释放,疏浚后的界面过程有可能对疏浚效果产生较大影响.底泥疏浚对水体富营养化的控制有成功的经验也有失败的教训,不同的湖泊疏浚后对营养盐释放的控制效果不同.底泥疏浚往往对底栖生物产生危害,具体表现为种类、丰富度与生物量的减少,群落结构发生变化,多样性降低;疏浚后微生物胞外酶活性降低,底泥疏浚对沉积物代谢功能存在显著影响,底栖生物和酶活性的恢复需要长期的过程.底泥疏浚对湖泊水污染控制具有时效性,疏浚方式、疏浚深度与疏浚时令是疏浚工程应关注的问题.     

Influence of structural parameters on dynamic characteristics and wind-induced buffeting responses of a super-long-span cable-stayed bridge

A 3D finite element (FE) model for the Sutong cable-stayed bridge (SCB) is established based on ANSYS. The dynamic characteristics of the bridge are analyzed using a subspace iteration method. Based on recorded wind data, the measured spectra expression is presented using the nonlinear least-squares regression method. Turbulent winds at the bridge site are simulated based on the spectral representation method and the FFT technique. The influence of some key structural parameters and measures on the dynamic characteristics of the bridge are investigated. These parameters include dead load intensity, as well as vertical, lateral and torsional stiffness of the steel box girder. In addition, the influence of elastic stiffness of the connection device employed between the towers and the girder on the vibration mode of the steel box girder is investigated. The analysis shows that all of the vertical, lateral and torsional buffeting displacement responses reduce gradually as the dead load intensity increases. The dynamic characteristics and the structural buffeting displacement response of the SCB are only slightly affected by the vertical and torsional stiffness of the steel box girder, and the lateral and torsional buffeting displacement responses reduce gradually as the lateral stiffness increases. These results provide a reference for dynamic analysis and design of super-long-span cable-stayed bridges.     

Driving factors and spatiotemporal effects of environmental stress in urban agglomeration: Evidence from the Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei region of China

Environmental stress is used as an indicator of the overall pressure on regional environmental systems caused by the output of various pollutants as a result of human activities. Based on the pollutant emissions and socioeconomic databases of the counties in Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei region, this paper comprehensively calculates the environmental stress index(ESI) for the urban agglomeration using the entropy weight method(EWM) at the county scale and analyzes the spatiotemporal patterns and the differences among the four types of major functional zones(MFZ) for the period 2012–2016. In addition, the socioeconomic driving forces of environmental stress are quantitatively estimated using the geographically weighted regression(GWR) method based on the STIRPAT model framework. The results show that:(1) The level of environmental stress in the Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei region was significantly alleviated during that time period, with a decrease in ESI of 54.68% by 2016. This decrease was most significant in Beijing, Tangshan, Tianjin, Shijiazhuang, and other central urban areas, as well as the Binhai New Area. The level of environmental stress in counties decreased gradually from the central urban areas to the suburban areas, and the high-level stress counties were eliminated by 2016.(2) The spatial spillover effect of environmental stress increased further at the county scale from 2012 to 2016, and spatial locking and path dependence emerged in the cities of Tangshan and Tianjin.(3) Urbanized zones(development-optimized and development-prioritized zones) were the major areas bearing environmental pollution in the Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei region in that time period. The ESI accounted for 65.98% of the whole region, where there was a need to focus on the prevention and control of environmental pollution.(4) The driving factors of environmental stress at the county scale included population size and the level of economic development. In addition, the technical capacity of environmental waste disposal, the intensity of agricultural production input, the intensity of territorial development, and the level of urbanization also had a certain degree of influence.(5) There was spatial heterogeneity in the effects of the various driving factors on the level of environmental stress. Thus, it was necessary to adopt differentiated environmental governance and reduction countermeasures in respect of emission sources, according to the intensity and spatiotemporal differences in the driving forces in order to improve the accuracy and adaptability of environmental collaborative control in the Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei region.     

山东庙岛海峡的峡道动力地貌

在庙岛海峡的动力、沉积、地貌条件比较系统的分析基础上,对庙岛海峡的峡道效应和动力地貌进行了研究,主要包括峡道形成及演变、潮流聚散与侵蚀堆积、涨落潮流歧路与登州浅滩形成、峡道泥沙搬运与沉积效应,结果表明,庙岛海峡具有显著的峡道效应,且峡道东西两段差异明显,对峡道以东的山东半岛北部沿岸海底泥沙运动和沉积具有重要影响。