Development of center pivot irrigation farmlands from 2009 to 2018 in the Mu Us dune field,China: Implication for land use planning

The Mu Us dune field in China has become a focal region for research of the prevention and control of desertification. Agricultural practices in this area have been modernized in recent years, evidenced by the development of Center Pivot Irrigation(CPI) farmlands.However, the impacts of CPI farmlands on combating desertification remain poorly understood. This study chose the southeastern part of the Mu Us dune field as a study area to investigate the variations of CPI farmlands from 2009 to 2018...     

基于基塘系统保护的国土空间治理策略——以顺德区为例

以佛山市顺德区作为实证研究案例,采用野外调研、访谈等研究方法,剖析基塘与国土空间的协同发展机制,提出基于多功能基塘的国土空间治理策略。结果表明：顺德国土空间治理面临空间破碎化和空间嵌套分布、灾害与生态风险加剧、岭南水乡文化特色日渐流失等问题;协调基塘与不同地域子系统之间的功能耦合关系,发挥基塘对地域系统功能的支撑与协同作用,是实现国土空间协同发展和可持续利用的基础;实施基塘功能分区治理,保护集中连片基塘,整合基塘文化资源,推进基塘与村级工业园、村边塘、村心塘协同治理等策略,发挥基塘的多功能作用,有助于实现国土空间的安全、高效与可持续利用。     

山区生态果园建设对农业小气候的影响

在四川省凉山彝族自治州西昌市海拔1 500 m的半山荒坡地种植系列果树,建设生态果园,观察其气温、空气相对湿度和地温变化。数据分析表明,生态果园建设对微区气候条件有很好的调节作用。气温日较差变小,年平均减小0.7℃,空气相对湿度明显增加,年平均提高12%,平均地表温度的日较差减小,年平均减小3.6℃,极端地表高温和极端地表低温有所下降。     

中国农业抗旱能力综合评价

农业抗旱能力综合反映了当地防旱减灾的实力。通过对我国现状条件下农业抗旱影响因素的分析,建立了农业抗旱能力综合评价指标体系,并针对我国地域广阔,农业抗旱能力受到自然条件、地域条件和人类活动等多方面因素影响的特点,应用数学模糊聚类方法对我国农业抗旱能力进行了评价分类,首次对全国31个省市的农业抗旱能力分区进行了等级评定,为我国抗旱战略的制定提供了背景资料。     

华北平原农田区地下水开采量对降水变化响应

通过区域农业开采量、区域平均年末浅层地下水位对区域年降水量变化的响应特征研究,结果表明:区域农业开采量与年降水量之间存在两极互逆效应,即在枯水年份,作物需耗水量和区域农业开采量增大;在丰水年份,作物需耗水量和区域农业开采量减小。上述规律,突现了在连续枯水年份地下水对农业安全保障的特殊作用。由此,提出了农业开采量的利用水平、合理性和节水潜力以及预测的新的评价方法。     

亚洲季风与中国干湿、农牧气候界线之关系

基于中国553个气象站点1958~2000年日降水量资料、北方295个气象站点同期(20(cm)蒸发皿资料,界定出半干旱区和农牧交错区各自的范围。利用东亚夏季风强度指数(1951~1995年)与印度夏季降水量(1951~1998年)资料, 分析了半干旱区和农牧交错区东南-西北界10年际空间变化与亚洲夏季风的关系。近50年中国干湿、农牧气候界线的动态变化是影响中国的季风环流强弱作用在空间上的实物表现, 季风环流的强弱变化控制着气候界线空间摆动的范围与方向, 其年代际变化是中国干湿、农牧气候界线呈现出年代际变化特征的根源。分析显示, 在现代情况下, 农牧气候界线位置的空间摆动主要反映人类生产活动强度的强弱差异, 人为因素起主导作用。     

Animal production and climate variation in the Faeroe Islands in the 19th century

The article deals with aspects of the historical geography of the Faeroe Islands in the 19th century with a focus on animal production, i.e. sheep and cows. It is based on material from the Regional Archive, Føroya Landsskjalasavn. The tithe lists showing the King's third from Norderöe district, 1801–1859, are analysed in detail and compared with the statements from another series of documents, the Sheriff s half-yearly reports on the state of the district. Together these two sets of records give a detailed picture of the development and variation in the number of cows, paying “butter-tithe” and the number of sheep slaughtered, paying “wool-tithe”. The number of cows surviving the winter, depended on the amount and quality of winter fodder or hay, which was produced in the infield the preceding summer. The sheep, on the other hand, that can survive the winter while grazing in the outfield, are dependent on the severity or mildness of the winter as well as their condition in the lambing period. The two series provide data on summer as well as winter weather conditions. The analysis makes an attempt, using the concepts known from the critical realist theory of science, to find the mechanisms as well as necessary and contingent conditions involved in the two processes.     

Ten Years of GIAHS Development in Japan

Approximately ten years have passed since Globally Important Agricultural Heritage Systems (GIAHS) was introduced to Japan in 2011, with 11 GIAHS sites designated so far. The Japan Nationally Important Agricultural Heritage Systems (J-NIAHS), which considers resilience, multi-stakeholder participation and sixth industrialization, was subsequently established in 2016, and has designated 15 J-NIAHS sites. GIAHS sites can be classified into three major types: Landscape, farming method, and genetic resource conservation types, and most Japanese GIAHS sites are of the landscape type. Since there is almost no national subsidy for GIAHS or J-NIAHS, designated sites are expected to secure funding for conservation from their own efforts. For this reason, a voluntary network of the Japanese GIAHS sites has been active in promoting cooperation on GIAHS conservation. The priorities of the Japanese GIAHS have focused on raising public awareness about GIAHS and J-NIAHS, improving livelihoods, as well as fostering the international exchange of experience and knowledge regarding Agricultural Heritage Systems, especially among Japan, China and Korea.