Study on the particle breakage of ballast based on a GPU accelerated discrete element method

Breakage of particles will have greatly influence on mechanical behavior of granular material(GM)under external loads,such as ballast,rockfill and sand.The discrete element method(DEM)is one of the most popular methods for simulating GM as each particle is represented on its own.To study breakage mechanism of particle breakage,a cohesive contact mode is developed based on the GPU accelerated DEM code-Blaze-DEM.A database of the 3D geometry model of rock blocks is established based on the 3D scanning method.And an agglomerate describing the rock block with a series of non-overlapping spherical particles is used to build the DEM numerical model of a railway ballast sample,which is used to the DEM oedometric test to study the particles’breakage characteristics of the sample under external load.Furthermore,to obtain the meso-mechanical parameters used in DEM,a black-analysis method is used based on the laboratory tests of the rock sample.Based on the DEM numerical tests,the particle breakage process and mechanisms of the railway ballast are studied.All results show that the developed code can better used for large scale simulation of the particle breakage analysis of granular material.     

不同温度下冻土单轴抗压强度与电阻率关系研究

为了研究青藏铁路路基在载荷下的力学行为,探索新型手段快速准确地估计冻土的单轴抗压强度参数,采用北麓河粉质黏土在室内进行了不同温度的冻土单轴压缩试验,并全过程监测土样电阻率的变化,得到了冻土的应力-应变-电阻率全过程曲线。试验结果表明,在干密度 1.71 g/cm3且含水率 17.83 %下,冻土的单轴抗压强度随温度降低而线性增加;初始电阻率 随温度降低逐渐增大,从-20℃对温度的敏感性开始显著增强;冻土单轴抗压强度与初始电阻率之间满足半对数线性关系,相关性很好,因此测定初始电阻率可准确估算冻土的 。从应力-应变-电阻率全过程曲线来看,冻土在单轴载荷作用下经历的压密、弹性变形、塑性屈服、破裂后各阶段对应电阻率变化趋势是快速减小至最小、稳定增加、剧烈增加,这种关联的变化关系也说明用电阻率法来研究冻土强度及载荷下的变形问题是可行的。     

青藏铁路沿线活动断裂带对地质选线的影响

青藏铁路横穿了青藏高原上大量的活动断裂带.本文研究了青藏铁路沿线的29条活动断裂带分布规律和地质病害.通过分析崩塌、滑坡、泥石流地质病害特点和典型路段的地质选线,总结了断裂带地质选线的原则,主要包括:尽量在断裂带活动性较弱、宽度较窄的地段以垂直或高角度通过;尽量不设大中桥、高桥、隧道、高填深挖等难以修复的大型建筑物.事实证明,以上原则在绕避和通过活动断裂带时是正确可行的,可以在青藏线改建和其它铁路工程上借鉴运用.     

Estimating the size and travel distance of Klapperhorn Mountain debris flows for risk analysis along railway, Canada

Debris flows occurring on Klapperhorn Mountain in the Yellowhead Pass in the Canadian Rocky Mountains pose a significant hazard to railway operations at the base of the mountain. The size （volume） and travel distance of these debris flows play an important role in assessing the risk to the railway. GIS analysis, airphoto interpretation together with field work were undertaken on two debris flows located at track mileage 54.0 and 54.3. Characteristics of these two debris flow events were analyzed, including debris flow path morphology and event behavior. Their sizes and travel distances were estimated using an empirical-statistical model （UBCDFLOW） under different initiation conditions. Their potential impact on the railway bridge was evaluated using a bridge blockage ratio.     

Effect of unsupported sleepers on wheel/rail normal load

The paper reviews some important published papers on the effects of railway track imperfections on track dynamic behavior, and investigates the effect of unsupported sleepers on the normal load of wheel/rail in detail through a numerical simulation. The numerical simulation is based on a coupling dynamic model of vehicle–track. In the model, the vehicle is modeled as a multi-body system, and the track is considered as a 3-layer model with rails, sleepers, and ballast masses. Each rail of the track is modeled with a Timoshenko beam resting on discrete sleepers. The lateral, vertical, and torsional deformations of the beam are taken into account. The sleepers are assumed to move backward at a constant speed to simulate the vehicle running along the track at the same speed, and therefore such a track model can consider the effect of the discrete support by sleepers on the coupling dynamic behavior of the vehicle and track in the simulation. In calculating the coupled vehicle and track dynamics, Hertzian contact theory and the theory by Shen et al. are, respectively, used to calculate the normal forces and the creep forces between the wheels and the rails. The motion equations of the vehicle–track are solved by means of an explicit integration method. A nonlinear spring and a nonlinear damper are used to simulate a gap between the unsupported sleeper and the ballast mass. The numerical results obtained indicate that the gaps between the unsupported sleepers and ballast masses have a great influence on the normal load of the wheel and the rail.     

The Shaking Table Test on the Performance of Cement-mixed Piles in Liquefiable Railway Foundations

Cement-mixed piles, as countermeasure against liquefaction of silt and sand ground, can improve the shear strength and bearing capacity of foundation soil, meaning cement-mixed piles are capable of resisting displacement when an earthquake happens. However, investigations of cement-mixed piles by experimental methods such as the shaking table test is few and far between. It is especially true for the seismic performance of cement-mixed piles in liquefiable railway foundations in high seismic intensity regions. To this end, a cross-section of the Yuxi-Mengzi railway was selected as the prototype and studied by the shaking table test in this study. The results showed that composite foundation of cement-mixed piles was not liquefied when the seismic acceleration was lower than 0.30g. In the process of acceleration increasing from 0.30g at 2Hz to 0.60g at 3Hz, the upper middle silt outside slope toe was partly liquefied. The foundation soil under the shoulders and center of subgrade was far from the initial liquefaction criterion during the test. Cement-mixed piles can effectively reduce the embankment settlement and differential settlement. It can be concluded that, the design of cement-mixed piles can ensure the seismic performance of the subgrade, and satisfy the seismic design requirements of the Yuxi-Mengzi railway in areas of VⅢ degrees seismic fortification intensity.     

长距离高铁对沿线城市旅游经济联系的空间影响及角色分析——以兰新高铁为例

在GIS技术支持下,基于旅游交通可达性视角,构建旅游经济联系模型,运用社会网络分析方法,确定沿线城市在旅游经济联系网络中的角色,结果表明：高铁时空压缩效应促使沿线城市旅游交通可达性和旅游经济联系普遍提升,但提升幅度具有空间差异性,廊道东侧城市优于西侧城市,各省区旅游经济基础较好城市优于基础较差城市;旅游网络结构日趋紧密,城市间旅游互动与合作逐渐频繁,区域旅游经济联系呈现协调发展趋势。深入剖析9个城市的网络角色对兰新廊道旅游空间发展模式提出相关建议：沿线地区应充分发挥乌鲁木齐、兰州核心城市的功能,同时利用酒泉次核心的集聚与扩散作用,发挥嘉峪关、张掖、西宁重要旅游目的地的承转作用,带动吐鲁番、海东、哈密等边缘城市,打造西北“旅游+高铁”丝绸之路黄金线。     

宜万铁路八字岭隧道岩溶管道冲积物特征实验研究

岩溶山区的隧道工程建设中,隧址区的岩溶管道连通性对隧道设计中涌水量、水压力等指标的确定以及隧道施工防灾具有重要意义。以宜万铁路八字岭隧道为例,系统分析了岩溶管道粗颗粒沉积物的粒度、岩石及矿物成分、圆度度组合等特征,通过对比分析,探讨了碎屑沉积物的地质联系,研究了沉积物的来源,以此为基础分析了隧址区岩溶管道的连通性,为工程设计施工提供参考。     

青藏铁路冻土区遮挡式路基结构安全可靠性预测分析

冻土区路基的安全可靠性取决于路基地温场特征和路基面抗自然侵蚀特征。在路基基床上部修筑遮阳棚和在边坡上修筑遮阳板既可阻挡太阳对路基面和路基边坡的直接辐射,改变路基地温场形态,降低土层温度,又可防止降水渗入路基或降雪覆盖路面。这对防止冻土退化,提高冻土区铁路路基安全可靠性是一种非常有效而又简单易行的工程措施。本文以青藏铁路冻土区遮挡式路基结构路基表面温度数据和该地段气象资料为基础,运用带有相变的一维热传导方程模拟分析了青藏铁路长期运营过程中遮挡式路基结构对冻土区路基人为上限的抬升效果及对路基稳定性的影响,认为遮挡式路基结构是一种安全可靠的冻土区路基工程结构形式,同时也是未来铁路运营过程整治路基病害的一种有效工程措施。     

The influence of China-Europe Railway Express on the production system of enterprises: A case study of TCL Poland Plant

The implementation of the Belt and Road Initiative and the increasing frequency of the China-Europe Railway Express(CER Express)have brought new improvement to the production system of enterprises along the Belt and Road regions.On the basis of summa-rizing the evolution of production system of enterprises,this paper takes TCL Poland Plant as an example to conduct an in-depth study on the characteristics of the plant's current produc-tion system and its differences from the original production system,and analyzes the impact of the CER Express on its current production system.Some conclusions can be drawn as follows.(1)CER Express had a great impact on the production system of TCL Poland Plant,which is mainly manifested in the following aspects.First,the transport of raw materials by CER Express improves the time efficiency and shortens the whole supply chain.Second,CER Express acts as a"moving inventory",which realizes the flexibility of raw material in-ventory and"zero inventory"effect based on the punctual transport.Third,the time and in-ventory effects brought by CER Express speed up the response to European market.The comprehensive benefits brought by CER Express lead to a more punctual and lean produc-tion system,meet the diversified needs of consumers on account of product quality and di-versification,and improve ability to expand European market.(2)On the basis of abandoning the original"Rigid Mass Production"system,we argue that TCL Poland Plant formed a unique production system—"Global Fluid Just-in-Time"which absorbed the essence of Toyota Pro-duction System based on the punctual transnational transportation of CER Express.(3)The differences between the current and the original production systems of TCL Poland Plant are mainly focused on the following aspects:the difference of transport and storage mode of raw materials,and the changes of production line,production mode and quality inspection or-ganization,etc.