MOVING VIOLATIONS: DATA PRIVACY IN PUBLIC TRANSIT

ABSTRACT. This article draws from the foundation provided by the ongoing debate about geosurveillance to frame a discussion of the use of tracking technologies in public transit. Specifically, it uses the case of public transit to illustrate the uncomfortable debate about compromises that come with increased surveillance to enhance public safety and security. The article begins with a discussion of the evolution of the debate about geosurveillance, casting the use of surveillance technologies in public transit within this framework. Next, it describes and discusses the implementation of automatic vehicle locators and closed‐circuit television in public transit. The following sections focus on the risks to individual privacy that accompany implementation of these technologies, then describe an unusual effort to draw attention to the prevalence of increased surveillance in public spaces in an effort to expose the risks. The article concludes by making the case that public transit is a place where surveillance provides clear benefits but where the humans who review the surveillance data must interpret and use them responsibly to minimize the risks to individual privacy.     

尽快建设隆百铁路以适应大西南地区经济持续发展需要

从西南地区为适应西部大开发与对外开放，打通便捷出海通道，加快各种优势资源开发，保证国民经济可持续发展；方便各省会城市及许多中心城市之间的相互联系，完善大区域铁路干线网络；以及为沿线及附近许多贫困县根本脱盆致富提供必要条件等等方面，来论证隆百铁路建设的必要性与迫切性。     

Investigating Travel Behavior of Nondriving Blind and Vision Impaired People: The Role of Public Transit

Our purpose is to explore the travel behavior of blind or vision impaired people, focusing in particular on travel by bus. We differentiate the sample depending on the availability of a household car. We examine perceptions of and attitudes toward existing transit and various transit characteristics, highlighting features that seem to be frustrating or difficult. Finally, we have travelers evaluate the potential usefulness of various assistive devices, including electronic information that gives navigational assistance.     

土地利用视角下的轨道站点客流预测——以深圳市为例

从土地利用视角分析轨道站点客流的影响因素,基于直接估计模型,选择不同类型用地楼板面积、公交线路数量、站点中心性、站点可达性4个变量建立非线性回归函数,分析不同类型用地客流生成率与站点可达性之间的衰减规律。结果表明：① 相比于线性衰减规律,客流生成率随站点可达性的降低更符合指数衰减规律,用地距离地铁站0~0.5 km时客流生成率下降最快。② 单位面积各类用地客流生成率由大到小依次为：交通用地>办公用地>商业用地≈城中村>工业用地>居住用地>其他用地。③ 客流生成率受站点可达性影响强度由大到小依次为：商业用地>办公用地>交通用地>其他用地>居住用地>城中村>工业用地。     

Evaluating the Relationships of Bus Transit with Street and Off-Street Robberies

The relationship between public transit and crime has been extensively investigated for decades. Compared to rail systems, limited research has been conducted on bus transit and its surrounding robbery influence. In particular, most of the studies have focused on either all types of robbery as a whole or street robbery only. Street and off-street robberies have distinct spatial characteristics, however: The former occurs on the street, whereas the latter occurs not on the street but at indoor places or in (semi)public areas. Therefore, they might have different proximity to bus transit. Furthermore, as bus transit is not operated twenty-four hours a day, it is questionable to connect bus transit with robbery when bus transit is not in service. This study uses exploratory spatial data analysis and statistical modeling to compare and contrast street and off-street robberies to discover how their relations with bus transit vary in space and time. Results reveal that both street and off-street robberies decrease as the distance from bus stops increases. Compared to off-street robbery, street robbery is inclined to occur on the street without bus routes and during nonservice hours, respectively. These findings suggest that the preference of street robbery is related to the excess of suitable targets over capable guardians away from bus routes and when bus transit is not in operation, whereas off-street robbery is connected with the residential and commercial attractions along bus routes and people's frequent activities at these places during transit service hours.     

经纬仪光电定位系统数据处理

着重介绍了经纬仪光电定位系统中的数据处理方法,包括了ＩＣ－ＣＤ倾斜角及比例尺的测定,望远镜指向模型建立,星象位置坐标归算多个方面,并给出了方法的基本原理。     

轨道交通站点对周边服务业时空格局的影响——以福州地铁一号线为例

地铁建设对城市交通可达性和服务业企业分布产生影响。以福州地铁一号线南门兜站、上藤站和秀山站为研究对象,运用整体分析、圈层分析、核密度估计等方法对这3个站点2014—2019年周边服务业企业进行研究。结果表明:地铁开通后带来站点周边交通便利程度上升,显著促进了传统服务业和现代服务业的发展,并在不同类型地铁站呈现明显的分异特征;地铁开通后,在时空维度上都存在服务业企业数量递增、业态规模逐渐扩大的发展规律;地铁站核心区的开发程度较之影响区和外围区不足;不同地铁站服务业集聚特征的共性影响因素为产业属性、服务业集聚效益和地铁的诱导。     

地下轨道竣工导线三维坐标法精度分析及测量方法研究

城市地下轨道交通竣工测量中,对轨道平顺度要求较高,常规地采用平面导线加测水准法或导线陀螺仪加测定向边法获取水平和垂直方向坐标值,具有操作复杂、进度慢、效率低等特点。本文结合深圳市地下轨道交通竣工测量工程实际,考虑地下轨道狭长的作业环境难免会产生导线网超边的现象,因此采用导线三维坐标法同步采集平面点坐标,利用三角往返观测来采集相应点上高程信息,同时,研究提高测角等级和增加角度测回数控制点位精度。试验表明,该方法可以达到规范指标要求。     

Review on the Impacts of Public Rail Transport on Urban Land Use Change:A Citespace-based Quantitative Analysis*

The public rail transport system in cities can promote physical urban transition, resulting in land use and land cover change, changing the public daily behaviors and consequently bringing huge economic benefits to its imminent areas. In this study, based on statistical analysis and visualization tools, by using Citespace and Google Earth, we explored approximately 455 papers from Web of Science and 321 papers from CNKI to obtain current research trends in the assessment of the impacts of public rail transport on land use change. The literature classification, organization and comments on such current studies and hot research topics are valuable for future research. Three conclusions were then drawn: First of all, similar topics have been done by both domestic and oversea scholars, but from slightly different perspective and at different scales. Secondly, public rail transport often causes the increase of housing price for both residential and commercial blocks; the influence on population density is more significant in the outskirts than that in downtown areas, but the influence often emerges with an unfixed time lag. Thirdly, RS, GIS and GPS (3S) technologies are promising tools for the research of the impacts of public rail transport on land use change in the era of "big data". Based on the conclusions, four suggestions were proposed: Firstly, future research in this field will be more comprehensive and humanistic studies. Secondly, overseas development models could not be fully applied in China, and thus corresponding improvement with China's situation are required. Thirdly, theoretically speaking, bicycle sharing can expand the service range of public rail transport. Fourthly, reasonable allocation of buffers is important for obtaining fine statistical area of land change affected by public rail transport.     

欧亚北部跨大陆交通经济带发展工程（英文）

跨西伯利亚大铁路的主要作用在于实现欧亚两洲西部和东部的交流。沿西伯利亚大铁路及其分支的交通经济带的形成意义重大。本文揭示了西伯利亚大铁路及其分支以及"一体化的欧亚基础设施系统"这一宏伟工程长远发展的主要特征,描述了西伯利亚大铁路和中国新丝绸之路影响区域的比较特征,提出了欧亚跨大陆板块交通经济带发展中面临的环境问题。研究认为,尽管在欧亚交通领域西伯利亚大铁路会面临一些竞争,但通过促进沿交通走廊区域的可持续发展,新丝绸之路建设将会为参与的国家带来显著的社会经济效益和环境效益,也必然会促进欧亚更密切的区域经济一体化和区域安全。