云南地震重点监视防御区震害异常软弱岩土的调查研究

通过分析云南历史破坏性地震震害异常影响因素,得出第四系软弱土层和新近系禽煤岩层等软弱岩土因素是显著影响云南历史地震震害异常的原因。利用1：20万（中比例尺）地质及水文地质资料,对云南地震重点监视防御区软弱岩土进行调研,得到软弱岩土的分布状况．并初步分析了软弱岩土的分布特征。同时,通过分析对覆盖整个昆明盆地的新生代沉积相作过较详细研究工作的1：5万地质资料,得到昆明盆地软弱土的分布及特征。     

High-harmonic geoid signatures related to glacial isostatic adjustment and their detectability by GOCE

The Earth’s asthenosphere and lower continental crust can regionally have viscosities that are one to several orders of magnitude smaller than typical mantle viscosities. As a consequence, such shallow low-viscosity layers could induce high-harmonic (spherical harmonics 50–200) gravity and geoid anomalies due to remaining isostasy deviations following Late-Pleistocene glacial isostatic adjustment (GIA). Such high-harmonic geoid and gravity signatures would depend also on the detailed ice and meltwater loading distribution and history.ESA’s Gravity field and steady-state Ocean Circulation Explorer (GOCE) satellite mission, planned for launch in Summer 2008, is designed to map the quasi-static geoid with centimeter accuracy and gravity anomalies with milligal accuracy at a resolution of 100 km or better. This might offer the possibility of detecting gravity and geoid effects of low-viscosity shallow earth layers and differences of the effects of various Pleistocene ice decay scenarios. For example, our predictions show that for a typical low-viscosity crustal zone GOCE should be able to discern differences between ice-load histories down to length scales of about 150 km.One of the major challenges in interpreting such high-harmonic, regional-scale, geoid signatures in GOCE solutions will be to discriminate GIA-signatures from various other solid-earth contributions. It might be of help here that the high-harmonic geoid and gravity signatures form quite characteristic 2D patterns, depending on both ice load and low-viscosity zone model parameters.     

马村站自512井水汞异常分析

2006年7月4日河北省文安县发生了ML5．5级地震,震前震中西南200km的石家庄马村站自512井水汞3月15日～5月15日出现了短期高值异常,6月3日出现了高值突跳异常。本文分析研究了文安地震前水汞的异常变化,以及1999年水汞观测以来的异常变化特征。分析认为,震前小马村水汞的异常变化幅度较大,异常特征明显,前兆意义显著。     

基于密集台阵的青藏高原东北缘地壳精细结构及九寨沟地震震源区结构特征分析

基于青藏高原东北缘密集宽频带野外流动观测台阵以及固定台站资料,利用双差层析成像方法对地震位置和研究区的地壳速度结构进行了反演.最终用于联合反演的地震事件合计9644个.结果显示青藏高原东北缘速度结构具有明显的横向不均匀性.从整体上看,青藏高原地区表现为低速异常,鄂尔多斯表现为高速异常,而扬子地块亦表现为高速异常.不同深度处速度结构表现不一致,同一深度处P波速度结构和S波速度结构也有明显差异.由西秦岭北缘断裂带、临潭—宕昌断裂以及礼县—罗家堡断裂围限的地震活动强烈的区域中,P波速度结构由深度0 km时呈现的低速异常,逐渐过渡到5 km时高低速相间分布的特征;而S波速度结构在此区域中,由近地表 0 km时高低速相间分布的特征,逐渐过渡到30 km时几乎表现为低速异常.2017年8月8日九寨沟7级地震所在的塔藏断裂、岷江断裂和雪山断裂围限区域,在深度20 km处的P波速度结构和周围存在明显差异,九寨沟地震处于高速异常与低速异常的过渡带内.此外,2013年7月22日发生在青藏高原东北缘的岷漳县6.6级地震,震源区所在的临潭—宕昌断裂附近的P波速度结构在15 km深度处也有明显特征,震源位置所在区域也处于高低速过渡带.该区域这种地壳内部高低速过渡带可能是应力比较容易积累而发生中强地震的一个重要场所.

     

RN-FD型固体氡气源的稳定性及应用分析

对测氡仪器进行精确校准是氡测量工作中的重要环节,固体氡气源的稳定性、可靠性在校准中则显得至关重要。本文通过分析RN-FD型固体氡气源对闪烁室K值的稳定性实验结果,认为:RN-FD型固体氡气源标称的浓度值与实际浓度值不一致,标称浓度值只是理论浓度值而不是实际浓度值,需重新刻度才能使用;RN-FD型固体氡气源抽气循环时间不同则浓度不同,但抽气循环时间固定,观测结果比较稳定;对于没有α检查源的台站,RN-FD型固体氡气源可用于氡观测仪器坪区检查。     

Analysis of Gravity Changes before and after the Akto MS6.7 Earthquake in 2016

This paper analyzes the characteristics of time sequence changes of gravity points near the epicenter, different changes of measuring lines and gravity changes of measuring areas in point-line-area manner respectively with the 5-period mobile gravity data through densified observation by the South Xinjiang Observation Network after the 2015-2016 Akto earthquake in Xinjiang. The gravity observation results before the earthquake indicate that the Wuqia-Bulungkol area near the epicenter presented the trend of gravity value increasing since 2015, but the gravity value decreased half a year before the earthquake, and witnessed a high gradient zone of gravity changes during some periods before the earthquake. The gravity observation results after the earthquake show that there is a trend of opposite changes in gravity difference on the northern and southern sides of Bulunkou, and good correspondence exists between the characteristics of gravity field changes near the epicenter before and after the earthquake and the geologic structure distribution in the area.     

山西带断层形变特征研究

本文基于山西带跨断层形变测量的全部历史资料, 通过对1989年大同—阳高6.1级和1998年张北6.2级二次地震前断层形变群体性异常变化的分析, 对山西带断层形变特征及与强震孕育发生之间可能存在的关系进行了系统研究, 指出了断层形变在空间上和时间上存在的相对性特征, 可供用震例中总结出的断层形变规律跟踪预测和研究未来震情的趋势时参考, 同时对当前华北震情, 特别是山西带震情的跟踪研究工作提出了建议和看法。     

2011年3月24日缅甸地震期间电离层TEC异常分析

基于IGS提供的2011年3月全球TEC数据,利用滑动时窗进行异常识别的方法,分析电离层赤道异常区TEC在缅甸地震期间的异常情况。结果表明：在震前10 d内,地震上空电离层TEC出现了明显的异常扰动,电离层异常北驼峰在16日至18日期间出现了明显的较大区域负异常现象,且在18日时北驼峰明显向磁赤道漂移,负异常在19日时基本消失;而在地震发生的当天和震后一天出现了小范围的正异常,随后正异常消失。在地震期间地磁活动水平总体都相当平静,且太阳处于一个相对较稳定的中低活动水平,电离层出现的异常很可能与此次缅甸地震有关。     

库尔勒断层氡气观测及观测资料分析初探

简要介绍了库尔勒断层氡气测孔周围的地质构造条件及仪器设置,并对两年多的观测资料进行分析。认为Ａ道较好地记录到１９９５年３月１９日和硕Ｍｓ５．１级地震及５月２日乌苏Ｍｓ５．８级地震前的突跳异常;同时利用Ｂ道氡资料与气温,气压作了多元回归分析,认为Ｂ道连续两年多出现的长时间,大幅度变化的异常现象主要是受气温,气压季节性变化的影响。     

Classification of near-surface anomalies in the seismic refraction method according to the shape of the time–distance graph: A theoretical approach

Results obtained by SASW and PS-logging (in-hole) seismic techniques are compared with the relatively new ReMi (Refraction microtremor) method at a common site with a well-known soil profile: a recently constructed high-speed railway embankment. PS-logging is the most accurate technique in identifying the soil profile of the embankment followed by Re-Mi and SASW. Mean shear wave velocity estimations are also higher for PS-logging, followed by SASW and ReMi, while mean deviation is similar in each technique. The ReMi technique has provided very accurate results in the study of the embankment profile, which in addition to its high operability and its fast data processing, makes it a very convenient technique for extensive geotechnical surveys.