澜沧—耿马地震前后水氡状态吸引子初探

本文采用“根据时间序列数据重建复杂系统动力学特征”的方法,对澜沧—耿马地震前后澜沧、普洱、思茅和芒市台的水氡旬均值进行了处理,得到震前澜沧.普洱和芒市台水氡状态吸引子维数d在1.0—3.0之间,这从理论上说明了澜沧—耿马地震孕育过程中此三台站水氡变化遵从某些确定性规律,并指出了这些确定性规律所依赖的基本变量数目范围,这对认识大震孕育过程中水氡变化的动力学行为具有一定意义。     

德令哈6．6级地震及后期强余震序列前青海省水氡异常特征

2003年4月17日德令哈发生6．6级地震,2004年该震区相继发生了5次5级以上的中强地震,分析德令哈系列地震前青海省水氡资料,发现震前水氡异常较显著,并表现出不同的异常特征。     

氡,汞测量用于断裂活动性和分段的研究

作者首先给出海原活动断裂带从边沟至硝口的３条较长次级剪切断层，干盐池拉分盆地和边沟推挤构造区内的断层，以及尾端挤压构造区内的六盘山东麓逆断层的气氡，气汞浓度测量结果，然后分析了断层气浓度与断层活动性之间的关系，研究结果表明，测试条件大体一致的基础上，气氡，气汞浓度与断层活动性之间有着明显的对应关系，从而证明了断层气测量方法对于活断层分段和活动性研究是一种有效的手段。     

基于脊波域的低信噪比地震资料处理技术

在小波分析的基础上发展起来的脊波变换方法,能更好地处理含线状变化特征的信号。针对地震资料中的同相轴信息,尝试利用脊波变换方法对其进行处理,提高剖面信噪比,突出同相轴信息。在对某工区实际地震资料的处理中发现,处理后的地震剖面同相轴品质及连续性有了明显改善,信噪比增强,分辨率相应提高,体现了该方法相对常规小波分析方法的优越性。     

Biogeochemical transport in the Loxahatchee River estuary, Florida: The role of submarine groundwater discharge

The distributions of dissolved organic carbon (DOC), Ba, U, and a suite of naturally occurring radionuclides in the U/Th decay series (²²²Rn, ^{223,224,226,228}Ra) were studied during high- and low-discharge conditions in the Loxahatchee River estuary, Florida to examine the role of submarine groundwater discharge in estuarine transport. The fresh water endmember of this still relatively pristine estuary may reflect not only river-borne constituents, but also those advected during active groundwater/surface water (hyporheic) exchange. During both discharge conditions, Ba concentrations indicated slight non-conservative mixing. Such Ba excesses could be attributed either to submarine groundwater discharge or particle desorption processes. Estuarine dissolved organic carbon concentrations were highest at salinities closest to zero. Uranium distributions were lowest in the fresh water sites and mixed mostly conservatively with an increase in salinity. Suspended particulate matter (SPM) concentrations were generally lowest (< 5 mg L^− 1) close to zero salinity and increased several-fold ( 18 mg L^− 1; low discharge) toward the seaward endmember, which may be attributed to dynamic resuspension of bottom sediments within Jupiter Inlet.Surface water-column ²²²Rn activities were most elevated (> 28 dpm L^− 1) at the freshwater endmember of the estuary and appear to identify regions of the river most influenced by the discharge of fresh groundwater. Activities of four naturally occurring isotopes of Ra (^{223,224,226,228}Ra) in this estuary and select adjacent shallow groundwater wells yield mean estuarine water-mass transit times of less than 1 day; these values are in close agreement to those calculated by tidal prism and tidal frequency. Submarine groundwater discharge rates to the Loxahatchee River estuary were calculated using a tidal prism approach, an excess ²²⁶Ra mass balance, and an electromagnetic seepage meter. Average SGD rates ranged from 1.0 to 3.8 × 10⁵ m³ d^− 1 (20–74 L m^− 2 d^− 1), depending on river-discharge stage. Such calculated SGD estimates, which must include both a recirculated as well as fresh water component, are in close agreement with results obtained from a first-order watershed mass balance. Average submarine groundwater discharge rates yield NH₄⁺ and PO₄^− 3 flux estimates to the Loxahatchee River estuary that range from 62.7 to 1063.1 and 69.2 to 378.5 μmol m^− 2 d^− 1, respectively, depending on river stage. SGD-derived nutrient flux rates are compared to yearly computed riverine total N and total P load estimates.     

潮汕坳陷多次波组合压制技术研究

潮汕坳陷中生界发育,是我国海上重要的油气勘探后备区。但该区多次波非常发育,多次波识别和压制一直是该区地震资料处理的关键和难点。合理地选取有效的多次波压制方法是获得高品质地震剖面的关键所在。针对原始资料中多次波异常发育的情况,文章分析了该区多种类型多次波的特点,尝试了零偏移距截距时间-射线参数(τ-p)域预测反褶积、自由界面多次波衰减法(Surface-Related Multiple Elimination,SRME)和双曲线Radon变换,对多次波进行组合压制,克服了仅依靠一种手段难以压制多种类型多次波的局限。从资料处理效果看,τ-p域预测反褶积方法对短周期的鸣震和微曲多次波的压制效果较好,SRME有效地压制自由表面多次波,且在近炮检距范围内压制多次波效果很好,而双曲线Radon变换是衰减长周期的层间多次波和未被充分压制的自由表面多次波很好的选择。组合压制多次波后的剖面质量明显得到改善。     

基于双曲Radon变换的混采地震数据重建

采用多级中值滤波分离混采数据,可以很好地保持单炮的有效信息;对分离后的单炮数据,采用双曲Radon变换进行地震数据道重建,可以在Radon域获得极高的分辨率从而准确地重建地震数据。单炮道重建时,通过稀疏约束控制Radon变换来提高地震数据的重建精度。双曲Radon变换计算耗时较长,在算子求解时,本文采用快速迭代收缩阈值算法(FISTA),明显加快收敛速度,提高计算效率。模拟数据和实际数据表明,采用多级中值滤波和双曲Radon变换的方法重建混采地震数据可以获得较高的重建精度。     

基于迭代阈值收缩的高分辨率Radon变换方法效果对比

提高Radon变换分辨率的研究一直是地震数据处理方法研究的热点之一.常用的提高分辨率的算法是在频率域进行的,然而此方法在频域中计算的模型权重是偶然耦合的,会对所有同相轴施加相同的权重,导致高能量同相轴地震道生成假像.此文给出了3种时间域提高Radon变换分辨率的方法,IST(iterative shrinkage th...     

Assessing groundwater-surface water connectivity using radon and major ions prior to coal seam gas development (Richmond River Catchment,Australia)

Coal seam gas (CSG, or coal bed methane) mining is rapidly growing, with poorly understood impacts on groundwater and surface water systems. Here, we use chemical tracers to investigate groundwater-surface water connectivity in an Australian river system (Richmond River Catchment, New South Wales) prior to CSG extraction but after ∼ 50 exploratory CSG wells were drilled. We performed four surveys of 29 interconnected creek and river sites, over contrasting hydrological conditions. Radon was used to determine if a surface water segment was gaining groundwater. Radon observations over four seasons revealed that 28 out of 77 surface water segments were clearly gaining groundwater, 5 were possibly gaining groundwater and 44 were undetermined. This is equivalent to gaining segments in 333 km (39%) of surface water from the 864 km being investigated. High spatial and temporal variability in groundwater gaining segments was found. Na/Cl ratios were used to determine the fraction of groundwater in surface water. Overall, the groundwater contribution in surface waters was 14–24% higher in post flood conditions than during the other three surveys of baseflow and moderate flow conditions. The results serve as a regional baseline assessment of river water chemistry and groundwater-surface water connectivity prior to the planned development of CSG fields. Our geochemical tracer approach allows for a quick qualitative assessment of groundwater-surface water connectivity in poorly gauged river systems and can define priority locations where groundwater extraction for CSG mining should be carefully managed.