地震资料去噪方法技术综合评述

地震资料去噪,无论是叠前还是叠后,都是处理中非常重要的内容.随着勘探技术的进步,地球物理界积累和开发的去噪软件已越来越多.对各种去噪方法进行分门别类,阐述其基本原理、物理意义、适用条件、发展前景,既有理论价值又有实际指导意义.本文从噪声的特征出发,首先对地震资料噪声进行了分类;然后综合评述了目前实际生产中常用的几种去噪方法,包括频率域滤波、频率波数域滤波、频率空间域滤波、Radon变换、聚束滤波、基于小波分解和重建的去噪方法等;最后还简述了去噪技术的应用及发展情况.     

西宁台氡值测量的影响因素及其异常信息的提取

介绍了西宁地震台水氡测量的方法及其影响因素的判别及排除 ,并从氡值的变化中提取异常信息 ,为地震预报提供参考资料     

Colliding Blast Waves Driven by the Interaction of a Short-Pulse Laser with a Gas of Atomic Clusters

Collisions between shocks are commonly found in many astrophysical objects, however robust numerical models or laboratory analogues of these complex systems remain challenging to implement. We report on the development of scaled laboratory experiments which employ new techniques for launching and diagnosing colliding shocks and high Mach number blast waves, scalable to a limited subset of astrophysically-relevant regimes. Use of an extended medium of atomic clusters enables efficient (>80%) coupling of 700 fs, 1 J, 1054 nm laser pulses to a “cluster” gas with an average density of ≈10¹⁹ particles cm⁻³, producing an initial energy density >10⁵ J cm⁻³, equivalent to ≈5×10⁹ J/g. Multiple laser foci are used to tailor the spatial profile of energy deposition, or to launch pairs of counter-propagating cylindrical shocks which then collide. By probing the collision interferometrically at multiple view angles in 5^{^} increments and applying an inverse Radon transform to the resulting phase projections we have been able to tomographicall reconstruct the full three-dimensional, time-framed electron density profile of the system.     

清水河水氡观测的影响因素分析

2006年8月对清水河水氡进行异常核实发现,排除水点采样系统的变化和仪器标定的原因,2000年以来,该井水氡测值具有比较明显的“夏高冬低”的年变特征。分析认为,清水河水氡2005年8月开始出现的大速率转折下降的原因与采样系统发生了变化和原水口出水量逐步减小有关,是地震异常的可能性不大。     

Radium and radon content in the carbonate-rock aquifer of the southern Italian region of Apulia

High concentrations of ²²²Rn have been found throughout the waters of the coastal carbonate-rock Mesozoic aquifer located in the region of Apulia in southern Italy. Studies undertaken have determined that such concentrations are due to the radioisotopic features of terra rossa, a type of paleosol that is generated as a residual byproduct of carbonate dissolution and is found to be widespread throughout the aquifers fissures and karst cavities.These special types of soil feature a rather high clay content (80–95%) and, although variable, their specific ²²⁶Ra activity (70–147 Bq/kg) is nonetheless considerably greater than that of limestone (~50 Bq/kg). In fact, there are substantial differences in ²²²Rn concentrations found in waters that come into contact with this type of rock and paleosol.The partial dissolution of some carbonate rock samples in the laboratory confirmed that the ²²⁶Ra released by the dissolved rock primarily accumulates in the residual soil deposits, especially in ones containing finer granules. This has also been the result of experiments conducted on 15 terra rossa samples collected from the region, which indicates that there is a close correlation between the specific ²²⁶Ra activity and the clay content of such paleosols, which varies with the stage of weathering.It has been found that the ²²²Rn concentrations in the regions waters, depend on the specific terra rossa ²²⁶Ra activity rather than on the quantity of terra rossa.Field checks have confirmed the possibility of using ²²⁶Ra and ²²²Rn as natural tracers in order to define hydrogeological problems in special environments such as karst. They can be used to distinguish the different water bearing zones in the carbonate-rock aquifer; analyze the influence of tides on coastal springs; determine the flow direction in the proximity of a well; recognize, recharge and the progressive decline of the groundwater level; derive indications of underground flow paths; and the occurrence of fissures and karstic cavities in the carbonate-rock aquifer.

菏泽5．9级地震前后沂水泉氡信息量的变化

多年来的观测和分析表明,影响沂水泉氡值变化最大干扰是降雨。由于这种干扰存在着“记忆”滞后影响,所以用一般的相关分析难以将这种影响排除干净,本采用了褶积积分方法较好地排除了这种影响。分析了菏泽5．9级地震前后沂水泉氡信息量的变化特点,讨论了这种信息熵量的变化与区域应力场的调整变化的关系。     

氡气勘查地球化学技术研究与应用 --氡气测量在气田上的指示效果

重点论述氧气勘查地球化学技术在气田上方和周边的有效性研究成果。大量的研究结果显示，氧气异常在气田上有两种异常特征，即环带晕和环中顶部晕。而环带晕一般情况下多出现在单产层气田，环中顶部晕多出现在多产层气田。以麻种场气田、自16井等气田的氧气异常特征，全面介绍氧气在不同类型气田上的指示效果。     

聊古-1井水氡映震能力研究

分析了聊古－１井水氡测值在１９８１年１１月９日宁晋Ｍs５．８地震（△＝１５０Ｋｍ ）前和１９８３年１１月７日荷泽Ｍｓ５．９地震（△＝１５０Ｋｍ）前的异常变化。在地震前５～１５天该井水氡出现明显的高值异常。地震发生在五降的过程中。这可能是该井水氡的一项短临异常指标。     

强震前水氡异常台站时空分布非均匀性变化特征

研究了华北地区６级左右强震前水氡观测值异常的时空非均匀分布变化特征。结果表明,在强震前水氡观测异常台站的空间分布非均匀性发生显变化,Ｃｖ值明显的和蔼同过程。这说明,强震前短临地震前兆异常空间分布的非均匀性增强,变得更加不均匀,这可能邮地壳应力场的增强过程。     

共和7.0级地震前水氡异常特征分析

根据青海省水氡观测资料,分析了共和７．０级地震前水氡的异常特征和时空演化过程。结果表明：在２５０ｋｍ范围内,多数台点都有中期（１～３年）高值异常显示,近震区有短期异常,而且异常具有由外向内收缩的时空演化特征。