震源物理实验室“八五”技术改造

由国家地震局地球物理研究所承担的“ＭＴＳ－１００Ｔ伺服试验机改造”课题,对震源物理实验室进行了实验系统改造。该文简要介绍了该课题所完成的主要工作及其应用情况,包括：ＭＴＳ－１００Ｔ伺服试验机控制系统、１６通道高速数据采集系统、激光散斑图干涉仪。     

地理科学发展与新技术应用

当代计算机、互联网、航天航空、自动化和传感网、环境和生态修复等技术发展很快,并渗透到许多基础与应用基础研究学科。以综合性、交叉性和区域性为特点的地理学借力于新技术应用,学科发展得到有力促进,突出表现包括：① 研究时空拓展到近实时和全球,基本解决异域和极端地理环境数据难获取问题;② 数据获取方式和渠道多样性促进了数据的爆发性增加,对规律和格局的分析从依赖有限时空表观信息发展到依靠新技术获取高时空动态数据开展大数据挖掘;③ 研究内容从静态知识获取、机理分析拓展到包括生态修复和环境治理等能动性的工作;④ 学科发展呈现领域拓展和新技术学科交叉趋势,地理学通过与新技术进一步融合发展获得新生命力。借助新技术和地理大数据“燃料”的注入,新时期地理科学发展将在全球和区域社会经济建设过程中通过提供“复方”解决方案而发挥重要的作用。     

云模式及其在物联网中的应用

针对集群系统中分配节点的单节点失效问题,提出了一种基于云计算系统的集群服务方式,采用全新的自适应云调度策略,完成对最优服务器节点的动态选择。策略以心跳表为基础,通过＂星级服务＂生成不同数目的虚拟服务器组,按照先来先提供服务的竞争机制完成最优节点的选择,保证了当云计算系统的某些部分节点失效时,整个系统仍能继续正常运行,同时也具有自动调整系统负载的作用。最后结合物联网当前面临的难题,探讨了模式在物联网中的应用以及应关注的几个关键问题。     

东台条子泥候鸟栖息地与毗邻潮间带表层沉积物重金属含量及其生态风险评价

为了解世界自然遗产地生态修复的“中国样本”和“鸟类保护的国际地标” ——江苏东台条子泥“720”高潮位候鸟栖息地的生态环境质量,本研究采用电感耦合等离子体发射光谱法和原子荧光光谱法测定了高潮位候鸟栖息地5个样点及与之毗邻的堤外潮间带4个样点表层沉积物中8种常见重金属元素（Hg、Cd、Cr、As、Pb、Cu、Ni和Zn）的含量,基于地累积指数法和潜在生态风险指数法对两个区域表层沉积物中重金属含量特征和生态风险进行了比较研究。结果表明,候鸟栖息地和堤外潮间带表层沉积物中8种重金属的平均含量均未超过国家海洋沉积物质量一类标准,两个区域表层沉积物的重金属含量具有显著的差异（P<0.05）,候鸟栖息地沉积物各重金属平均含量均高于堤外区,两个区域潜在生态风险指数也具有显著差异,候鸟栖息地沉积物重金属潜在生态风险大于堤外区,可能与栖息地建设前的水产养殖活动、候鸟栖息活动、周边农业活动和水动力条件有关;两个区域各采样点的重金属地累积指数均小于0,无明显重金属累积风险;两个区域综合潜在生态风险指数均小于150.00,各采样点单项潜在生态风险指数均小于40.00,均属于低潜在生态风险等级。通过研究区与其他滨海自然湿地中重金属特征对比研究发现,本研究区域中的主要生态风险因子是Hg,其次是Cd,后续需要更多的关注。     

Tomographic imaging of the ionosphere using the GPS/MET and NNSS data

The earlier experiments of ionospheric tomography were conducted by receiving satellite signals from ground-based stations and then reconstructing electron density distribution from measures of the total electron content (TEC). In June 1994, National Central University built up the low-latitude ionospheric tomography network (LITN) including six ground stations spanning a range of 16.7° (from 14.6°N to 31.3°N) in latitude within 1° of 121°E longitude to receive the naval navigation satellite system (NNSS) signals (150 and 400 MHz). In the study of tomographic imaging of the ionosphere, TEC data from a network of ground-based stations can provide detailed information on the horizontal structure, but are of restricted utility in sensing vertical structure. However, an occultation observation mission termed the global positioning system/meteorology (GPS/MET) program used a low Earth orbiting (LEO) satellite (the MicroLab-1) to receive multi-channel GPS carrier phase signals (1.5 and 1.2 GHz) and demonstrate active limb sounding of the Earth's atmosphere and ionosphere. In this paper, we have implemented the multiplicative algebraic reconstruction technique (MART) to reconstruct and compare two-dimensional ionospheric structures from measured TECs through the receptions of the GPS signals, the NNSS signals, and/or both of the systems. We have also concluded the profiles retrieved from tomographic reconstruction showing much reasonable electron density results than the original vertical profiles retrieved by the Abel transformation and being in more agreement in peak electron density to nearby ionosonde measurements.     

Data democracy – increased supply of geospatial information and expanded participatory processes in the production of data

The global landscape in the supply, co-creation and use of geospatial data is changing very rapidly with new satellites, sensors and mobile devices reconfiguring the traditional lines of demand and supply and the number of actors involved. In this paper we chart some of these technology-led developments and then focus on the opportunities they have created for the increased participation of the public in generating and contributing information for a wide range of uses, scientific and non. Not all this information is open or geospatial, but sufficiently large portions of it are to make it one of the most significant phenomena of the last decade. In fact, we argue that while satellite and sensors have exponentially increased the volumes of geospatial information available, the participation of the public is transformative because it expands the range of participants and stakeholders in society using and producing geospatial information, with opportunities for more direct participation in science, politics and social action.     

描绘未来美国新的地震科学中心发展蓝图

为实现地震科学研究的变革性进步，持续引领在地震断层行为和地震过程研究上的科技前沿，美国国家自然科学基金会（NSF）决定采用竞争性的方式重新建设一个或多个新的地震科学中心，并公开征集新中心的建设愿景、科学方向、功能设置及基础设施建设思路。美国南加州地震中心（SCEC）积极响应并提出24份方案，本文予以概貌性描述，为进一步深入解读提供参考。     

一种基于滨海核电站海上γ辐射剂量率的智能化自动监测系统研究与设计

基于滨海核电站海上γ辐射剂量率的智能化自动监测系统是一种无人值守的辐射监测装备,可全天候、长时间、在线组网、连续自动测量水面和空气中的γ剂量率、获取水中γ能谱数据并进行核素识别和计算活度浓度,并实时地将监测数据通过无线通信链路和北斗短报文两种形式上传至地面数据服务中心。在非事故情况下,该系统是对核电厂监督性监测系统的重要补充和完善;在发生重大核安全事故或放射性物质泄漏的情况下,能够有效解决传统的派船巡测时方法不标准、数据不及时不连续、人员受照风险大、船只易受污染和行动代价高等问题;在恶劣的极端气象条件下,无人值守的自动监测系统能够为核电站提供实时有效的水体和空气中的γ剂量率、气象、海水温度等监测数据,有效地提升了核电站在极端气象条件下的监测能力,对滨海核电站整体的安全性和可靠性具有一定积极意义。     

Long term ionospheric electron content variations over Delhi

Ionospheric electron content (IEC) observed at Delhi (geographic co-ordinates: 28.63°N, 77.22°E; geomagnetic co-ordinates: 19.08°N, 148.91E; dip Latitude 24.8°N), India, for the period 1975/80 and 1986/89 belonging to an ascending phase of solar activity during first halves of solar cycles 21 and 22 respectively have been used to study the diurnal, seasonal, solar and magnetic activity variations. The diurnal variation of seasonal mean of IEC on quiet days shows a secondary peak comparable to the daytime peak in equinox and winter in high solar activity. IEC_max (daytime maximum value of IEC, one per day) shows winter anomaly only during high solar activity at Delhi. Further, IEC_max shows positive correlation with F_10.7 up to about 200 flux units at equinox and 240 units both in winter and summer; for greater F_10.7 values, IEC_max is substantially constant in all the seasons. IECmax and magnetic activity (A_p) are found to be positively correlated in summer in high solar activity. Winter IEC_max shows positive correlation with A_p in low solar activity and negative correlation in high solar activity in both the solar cycles. In equinox IEC_max is independent of A_p in both solar cycles in low solar activity. A study of day-to-day variations in IEC_max shows single day and alternate day abnormalities, semi-annual and annual variations controlled by the equatorial electrojet strength, and 27-day periodicity attributable to the solar rotation.