云微物理参数的地基探测反演研究综述

云相态、云滴谱分布和云液态水含量作为重要的云微物理参数,对气候变化、天气变化、人工影响天气和飞行安全等很多方面都有着重要的影响。云微物理参数的研究已是国际气象学研究领域中的热点之一,而在国内这方面的研究较少。简要论述了地基方法在云微物理学研究的优越性,扼要总结了国内外地基探测技术的发展现状,重点概括了云相态、云滴谱和云液态水3个参数的地基反演算法,并予以评价,展望了未来发展趋势,为国内云微物理研究提供了参考与借鉴。     

L波段高空气象探测系统软件

介绍了目前中国气象局高空探测业务正在使用的新型L波段高空气象探测系统软件,该软件系统采用Bor-land C 语言,在Windows操作系统下进行编制,采用图形化操作界面,符合现行的高空气象观测规范,主要包括放球程序与数据处理程序.该软件系统已经成为中国气象局高空气象探测网的骨干软件系统.业务运行表明系统软件稳定正常,操作方便,用户界面友好,功能完善,基本上实现了从数据采集到数据处理的自动化.从软件系统所包含的基本功能、异常情况处理予以介绍,并举出了一些典型示例,同时针对软件的发展提出了今后的设想,提出设计标准接口,编制网络化的软件系统.     

边界层辐合线对强对流系统形成和发展的作用

应用天津CINRAD/SA雷达探测到的边界层辐合线信息,对2008—2009年6—9月发生在天津地区的边界层辐合线进行了统计分析,与2002—2007年海风锋触发形成的局地强对流天气分析相结合,研究结果表明:天津地区边界层辐合线的雷达低仰角基本反射率因子产品的回波特征一般表现为弱的窄带回波,回波强度仅为15~25 dBZ,宽度一般为3~10 km。在合适的层结状态和水汽条件下,这些边界层辐合线的演变和碰撞与强对流天气的发生、发展密切相关。单一边界层辐合线一般不能形成大范围的雷暴天气;两条以上边界层辐合线之间碰撞,一般在碰撞交叉处能够形成强对流天气。若已存在强对流天气,则强对流天气将加强。     

Three-Dimensional P-Wave Velocity Structure of the Crust of North China

Since the Xingtai (邢台) earthquake in 1966,China Earthquake Administration has carried out a survey campaign along more than thirty deep seismic sounding (DSS) profiles altogether about twenty thousand kilometers long in North China to study the velocity structure of the crust and the upper mantle in this region,and has obtained a great number of research findings. However,these researches have not provided a 3D velocity structure model of the crust of North China and cannot provide seismic evidence for the study of the deep tectonic characteristics of the crust of the whole region. Hence,based on the information from the published data of the DSS profiles,we have chosen 14 profiles to obtain a 3D velocity structure model of North China using the vectorization function of the GIS software (Arc/Info) and the Kriging data gridding method. With this velocity structure model,we have drawn the following conclusions: (1) The P-wave velocity of the uppermost crust of North China changes dramatically,exhibiting a complicated velocity structure in plane view. It can be divided into three velocity zones mainly trending towards north-west. In the research area,the lowest-velocity zones lie in the Haihe (海河) plain and Bohai (渤海) Bay. Although the geological structure of the sedimentary overburden in the study area is somewhat inherited by the upper crust,there are still several differences between them. (2) Generally,the P-wave velocity of the crust increases with depth in the study area,but there still exists local velocity reversion. In the east,low-velocity anomalies of the Haihe plain gradually disappear with increasing depth,and the Shanxi (山西) graben in the west is mainly characterized by relatively low velocity anomalies. Bounded by the Taihang (太行) Mountains,the eastern and western parts differ in structural trend of stratum above the crystalline basement. The structural trend of the Huanghuaihai (黄淮海) block in the east is mainly north-east,while that of the Shanxi block and the eastern edge of the Ordos block is mainly north-west. (3) According to the morphological features of Moho,the crust of the study area can be divided into six blocks. In the Shanxi block,Moho apppears like a nearly south-north trending depression belt with a large crustal thickness. In the southern edge of the Inner Mongolia block and the south of the Yanshan (燕山) block,the Moho exhibits a feature of fold belt,trending nearly towards east-west. In the eastern edge of the Ordos block,the structure of Moho is relatively complex,presenting a pattern of fold trending nearly towards north-west with alternating convexes and concaves. Beneath the Huanghuaihai block,the middle and northern parts of the North China rift zone,the Moho is the shallowest in the entire region,with alternating uplifts and depressions in its shape. For the anteclise zone in the west of Shandong (山东) Province,the Moho is discontinuous for the fault depression extending in the north-west direction along Zaozhuang (枣庄) -Qufu (曲阜).     

强电磁干扰下磁共振地下水探测噪声压制方法研究进展

磁共振地下水探测方法因具有高分辨力、高效率、信息量丰富和解唯一等优点而备受地球物理工作者关注。近几年,该方法在正演模型和反演解释方面取得了显著的进展,在水文地质勘查方面的应用也进一步拓展。然而,磁共振信号极其微弱、对周围环境中的电磁干扰反映敏感,成为其应用的主要瓶颈。吉林大学地下水磁共振技术课题组针对噪声的产生机理及特性,对影响信号质量最严重的两类噪声--工频谐波噪声和尖峰脉冲噪声进行研究。本文综述了强电磁干扰下磁共振地下水探测噪声压制方法的研究现状及近期研究进展,包括磁共振信号的工频谐波噪声压制方法和尖峰脉冲噪声压制方法,简要介绍了实时参考消噪技术、独立分量分析技术、基于能量运算的尖峰噪声抑制技术以及基于同步压缩小波变换和自寻优非线性阈值补偿技术抑制电磁干扰的研究示例,展望了地下水磁共振探测噪声压制技术的未来发展趋势。     

常规物探方法在深部隐伏矿体勘查中的应用——以河北四家井铁铜矿为例

高精度磁测不仅能够发现强磁性铁矿床,亦能对主要控矿容矿构造、地质单元进行划分和圈定;时间域激发极化法,通过中梯普查测量能有效地圈定金属硫化矿床的激电异常,对该异常的激电测深测量,可定性、定量地计算出隐伏矿床的产状、埋深、规模及空间展布特征等.文章阐述了在河北省涞水县四家井铁铜矿深部矿体勘查中采用电、磁法结合的方式取得了较好的地质找矿效果.     

应用可控源音频大地电磁测深于北京水文地质勘查

北京市周边地区利用的深部地下水资源大多采自断裂构造破碎带或岩溶裂隙, 地热资源主要开发蓟县系白云岩岩溶裂隙水, 断裂构造型地下热水开发的相对较少。通过实例, 论述可控源音频大地电磁测深法在断裂构造型地热资源、岩溶破碎和断裂构造型地下水资源方面的作用和应用效果。     

中国大陆及邻区岩石圈地壳三维结构与动力学型式

通过中国大陆及邻区地震测深剖面的系统构造解析,建立起中国大陆岩石圈地壳厚度与速度结构模型。本文根据地壳厚度与速度结构模型、地壳变形结构样式、地壳地质结构与构造演化、地壳运动学与动力学等四方面标志,将中国大陆岩石圈地壳划分为3类6种地壳结构-动力学型式:克拉通型褶推式结构-挤压动力学型式、克拉通型地垒结构-拉伸动力学型式、增厚型高原扇形结构-碰撞楔入动力学型式、增厚型造山带楔状结构-俯冲楔入动力学型式、减薄型盆岭结构-块体伸展动力学型式和减薄型铲状结构-整体伸展动力学型式。笔者探讨了克拉通型地壳、增厚型地壳和减薄型地壳的基本特征、相互关系及其地质意义。     

一维层状介质大地电磁模拟退火反演法

大地电磁模拟退火反演法是一种最优化的非线性反演方法,与传统的线性反演方法相比该方法具有：（１）不依赖于初始模型的选择;（２）能寻找全局最小点而不陷入局部极小;（３）在反演过程中不用计算雅可比偏数矩阵等优点;通过对各种类型的大地电磁测深理论曲线试算,结果表明模拟退火法能准确地自动反演地电参数（地层电阻率,厚度）最后对实际资料进行了处理,取得了较好的效果。     

Crustal Electrical Conductivity Structure of Southern Tibet from Magnetotelluric Survey

INTRODUCTIONAsatypicalintercontinent collisionarea ,Tibetanplateauisapresentlypopularregionnoticedbygeoscientistsallovertheworld ,sinceitisanidealandnaturallabforthestudyofthegeologicalevolutionoftheinnerlandmountain creatingzoneandoftheprocessofthecrust mantledeepdy namicsaswellasoftheinteractionbetweenthesurfaceandthecrustmovement.ThestudyoftheTibetanplateauevolutionisimportantnotonlyinsolvingsometheoreticalproblemsaboutcontinentaldynamicsandglobalchangesingeosciences ;butalsoinexplorin…