内蒙古贺根山蛇纹岩化流体来源的H-O-B同位素地球化学制约

对内蒙古贺根山蛇绿岩带内3个采样点的蛇纹岩样品开展了主量、微量元素和H-O-B同位素分析,以揭示其构造属性、蛇纹石化温度和流体来源。贺根山蛇纹岩具有低Al_2O_3含量(0.2%~1.3%)、高Mg~#(89~92)特征,为难熔地幔残余。蛇纹岩的U型稀土元素配分模式、相对富集LILE和亏损HFSE的微量元素地球化学特点,反映其原岩为化学成分高度亏损的俯冲带型(SSZ)超基性岩。样品的dD值相对均一(dD=-120‰~-133‰);理论计算显示,这些蛇纹岩的H同位素组成可能是蛇绿岩剥露地表后与区域大气降水发生再平衡作用的结果。贺根山蛇纹岩的d~(18)O变化在4.3‰~9.8‰之间,反映不同地点蛇纹石化的温度存在差别:其中贺根山东样品具有相对较高的d~(18)O值(d~(18)O=7.7‰~9.8‰),蛇纹石化温度为90~130℃,同时部分样品中出现碳酸盐矿物,表明蛇纹石化作用发生在近海底环境;小坝梁样品具有最低的d~(18)O值(d~(18)O=4.3‰~5.0‰),其蛇纹石化温度在205~235℃之间;贺根山南样品的d~(18)O值变化范围较大(d~(18)O=6.0‰~9.7‰),其蛇纹石化温度在90~170℃之间。3个采样点蛇纹岩的d~(11)B值也显示出一定的变化(d~(11)B=9.1‰~14.7‰),指示蛇纹石化流体来源于脱水的蚀变洋壳和海底沉积物;理论模拟和计算结果显示,这些板片流体的d~(11)B值变化在15‰~25‰之间。     

利用小波变换进行遥感多光谱图像融合的算法及实现

在分析了小波变换的分解与重建方法后,提出了一种基于区域的图像增强算法。先提取出源图的边缘,以图像的边缘为参考,围绕边缘建立融合窗口,然后结合区域内的图像信息,应用基于窗口的融合规则进行融合处理。实验结果显示,融合后的图像综合了3幅源图像的不同特征,处理后的图像变得容易识别了。表明该方法保持了尽可能多的原始信息,算法简单,稳定性好,适合于多光谱遥感图像识别、医学成像等领域。     

鄂尔多斯盆地南部延长组富铀凝灰岩地球化学特征及形成机制

本文系统地研究了鄂尔多斯盆地南部延长组凝灰岩元素和同位素地球化学特征。结果表明：凝灰岩主量元素具有高K、高Al、Si中等至高、低Na的特征; REE总体特征为轻稀土富集、重稀土亏损,∑REE在4857～40212 μg/g 之间变化,Eu呈现出负异常,在034～082内变化,δCe范围在080～208之间; 微量元素中U含量在312～144 μg/g 之间,Ba、U、Th、Hf和Ce呈明显正异常,Nb、P、Ti和Rb呈现负异常。详细的分析表明：U的富集和一些微量元素如Ta、Dy、Lu等相关,Th与∑REE存在明显的正相关性,这些变化可能和盆地中铀矿的富集有关; 凝灰岩的硫同位素总体呈现深源特征。根据以上的研究对凝灰岩的形成原因及形成环境进行了探讨。鄂尔多斯盆地南部延长组凝灰岩来源于秦岭造山带火山作用,其中的铀元素富集是由于砂岩型铀矿中铀向凝灰岩迁移而被还原所致。本研究对盆地砂岩型铀矿的铀运移和富集机理认识具有一定指导意义。     

济南市平阴氡地热水中氟的来源及赋存机理浅析

通过对3处不同热储类型的地热水水质分析结果的对比分析,试从热储岩性、矿化度、pH值、温度及地下水水化学类型等方面分析各因素对水中F~-溶解的影响机理,认为:热储岩性对地热水水质起决定作用,高热储温度、碱性环境是水中氟离子富集的有利条件;水中Ca~(2+)可与F~-产生不溶于水的沉淀,对水中氟离子的富集起限制作用;水中F~-与H_2SiO_3,Sr的含量一般存在共生关系。水中氟的活性和含量不能看作只与某种盐类或阴、阳离子发生单相关的孤立作用的结果,而要重视在水中各种盐类并存的混合体系中可能出现的元素或物质间的拮抗、协同及交互作用。     

A Holocene record of climate change,fire ecology and human activity from montane Flat Top Bog,Maui

A sediment core from a high-elevation bog on Maui in the Hawaiian Islands contains evidence for drier conditions between 9.4–5.8 kyr BP, followed by a wetter interval between 5.8–2.2 kyr BP, and a variable late Holocene. These precipitation changes may be a reflection of vertical displacements of the upper boundary of the mid-Pacific Trade Wind Inversion (TWI) cloud layer. Fires, probably volcanically ignited, occurred in the forests prior to human arrival. Polynesian activity in this high-elevation, remote site was apparently limited, with no pollen, charcoal, or sedimentological evidence for local anthropogenic disturbance. After European contact, grass fires increased and introduced plant species invaded the site. Values for Cd, Cu, Pb, and Zn in sediments throughout the Holocene indicate low trace-metal deposition from atmospheric particulates at the site, even in the twentieth century.This paper is one of a series of papers guest edited by Dr. Mark Brenner on tropical paleolimnology     

The history and impact of air pollution at Čertovo Lake,southwestern Czech Republic

This multi-disciplinary investigation documents the longterm effects of atmospheric pollution of metals and acids on a geologically sensitive catchment in the umava Mountains, southwestern Czech Republic, a region with a long history of human disturbance. A 30 cm long sediment core (I) from ertovo Lake was analyzed for natural and artifical radionuclides, metals, diatoms, chrysophytes, and pollen in sediments accumulated during the last 200 years. A second core (II), extending to 95 cm, included sediment judged to be free of atmospheric deposition of pollutants associated with the Industrial Revolution. Chronostratigraphic markers include several changes in the pollen assemblages corresponding to well-documented changes in land-use, and distinct distributions of ¹³⁷Cs, ¹³⁴Cs and ²⁴¹Am from weapons testing and the 1986 nuclear accident at Chernobyl, Russia. These markers corroborate the ²¹⁰Pb dating and, together, produce a reliable chronology extending back nearly to 1800 A.D.Stratigraphic profiles of Cu, Pb, and Zn in Core I are unlike any previously reported in the literature. Concentrations of Cu, Pb, and Zn remain generally above 100, 400, and 200 g g^-1, respectively, for the 200 years represented by Core I. These values are unusually high for sediments from a watershed with no known heavy-metal ore bodies. Accumulation rates for Cu, Pb, and Zn, which include both atmospheric and watershed contributions, are also high (ca 1, > 1 and > 1 g cm^-2 yr^-1, respectively) for the same period, although the anthropogenic contribution of Zn rose from nearly zero at 1800 A.D. The Cu and Pb accumulation rates rose dramatically about 1640 A.D.Accumulation rates of anthropogenically-derived Be, a relatively abundant element in the soft coals of the region, are also elevated by about 0.01 g cm^-2 yr^-1 in sediments of this period. Vanadium accumulation rates increased only since 1980 A.D., presumably along with increased consumption of oil.Diatom assemblages illustrate that the lake was acidic (pH between 4.5 and 5) through at least the past 200 years. The pH declined significantly (from ca 5 to 4) between 1960 and 1985 with a slight increase to 4.5 in the last few years. Recent diatom and chrysophyte assemblages suggest high trace metal concentrations, consistent with the present lake-water chemistry.     

宽波段傅里叶变换太阳光谱仪等光程差采样系统设计

太阳成像光谱探测是诊断太阳大气磁场和热力学参数的主要手段. 傅里叶变换太阳光谱仪(Fourier Transform Solar Spectrometer, FTSS)具有宽波段的优势, 是当前中红外高分辨率太阳光谱探测的最佳选择. FTSS通过采集目标辐射等光程差干涉图, 反演获得光谱图, 等光程差采样的间隔决定了反演光谱波长范围. 因此从FTSS宽波段光谱观测对不同等光程差采样间隔需求出发, 基于现场可编程门阵列(Field Programmable Gate Array, FPGA)技术, 采用全数字分频、倍频方案, 设计了一套宽波段FTSS等光程差采样系统. 采用分布式余数补偿方法, 有效解决了在参考激光干涉信号倍频过程中, 输出采样信号在输出信号周期间误差累积问题, 并降低了输出采样信号的误差及非均匀性; 经功能仿真及实验测试, 系统在200Hz--50kHz频率范围内, 频率误差delta $<$ 0.04%, 可有效满足FTSS的300nm--25μm宽波段的光谱观测数据采集需求, 为后续可见和红外波段FTSS的研制奠定了技术基础.     

反演地表质量变化的附有方差约束的径向点质量方法

针对目前径向点质量方法在反演GRACE (Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment)时变地球重力场信号时条带噪声和泄漏误差较大的问题,本文提出了一种附有方差约束的径向点质量方法(Variance Constrained Radial Point-Mass Method,VCPM).该方法利用质量块的先验方差信息设计正则化矩阵对质量变化反演进行空间约束,同时为了解决单一的正则化参数不能适应全球质量变化大小不均匀的问题,构建了迭代的正则化处理策略.为了检验VCPM方法的可靠性,本文反演了2003-01-2014-11全球地表质量变化,并与GRACE球谐位系数法、GLDAS2.1水文模型、CSR (University of Texas Center for Space Research,德克萨斯大学空间研究中心)与JPL (Jet Propulsion Laboratory,喷气推进实验室) RL06 Mascon数据在全球的均方根误差、长期趋势、周年振幅以及局部的冰冻圈、陆地流域质量变化进行了对比分析.结果显示VCPM与CSR Mascon在全球、陆地和海洋区域的RMSE按面积加权平均值分别为2.12 cm、4.16 cm和1.25 cm,在全球和陆地区域均低于CSR Mascon与JPL Mascon的相应RMSE (2.22 cm和4.62 cm),在海洋区域仅略大于CSR Mascon与JPL Mascon的RMSE (1.18 cm);在8个陆地流域和内陆海域的时间序列对比中,VCPM与两种Mascon数据在扣除季节项和趋势项后的相关系数在绝大多数区域仍能达到0.86以上;另外相对于传统点质量方法和球谐位系数法,VCPM能有效抑制南极和格陵兰岛等区域的泄漏误差.这表明本文所提出的VCPM方法可以有效去除条带误差、抑制海陆信号泄漏且大幅提高反演结果的精度和空间分辨率,从而为计算高精度高分辨率地表质量变化提供了一种可供选择的有效途径.