新型消暖雾催化剂与传统吸湿性催化剂消雾性能的室内对比试验

为了研究一种新的环保型消暖雾催化剂RC／XW的消雾性能,同时选取无水氯化钙（CaCl2）和氯化钠（NaCl）2种吸湿性物质作为对比物,对它们进行室内试验研究。其中RC／XW粒子直径主要集中在12um;将无水氯化钙和氯化钠分别粉碎成10um、15um、20um和30um4个不同的直径。结果表明：不同种类的催化剂、同种类不同尺度的催化剂之间消雾效果都存在很大差异。消雾效果与播撒剂量直接相关。RC／XW适用于消除含水量在0．3g·m^-3以上的严重影响视程的暖雾,且播撒剂量要〉1g·m^-3。     

Statistical Elmore delay of RC interconnect tree

As feature size keeps scaling down, process variations can dramatically reduce the accuracy in the estimation of interconnect performance. This paper proposes a statistical Elmore delay model for RC interconnect tree in the presence of process variations. The suggested method translates the process variations into parasitic parameter extraction and statistical Elmore delay evaluation. Analytical expressions of mean and standard deviation of interconnect delay can be obtained in a given fluctuation range of interconnect geometric parameters. Experimental results demonstrate that the approach matches well with Monte Carlo simulations. The errors of proposed mean and standard deviation are less than 1% and 7%, respectively. Simulations prove that our model is efficient and accurate.     

Degradation and Mechanism of the Mechanics and Durability of Reinforced Concrete Slab in A Marine Environment

An experimental research was conducted to determine the corrosion and bearing capacity of a reinforced concrete (RC) slab at different ages in a marine environment. Results show that the development of corrosion-induced cracks on a slab in a marine environment can be divided into three stages according to crack morphology at the bottom of the slab. In the first stage, cracks appear. In the second stage, cracks develop from the edges to the middle of the slab. In the third stage, longitudinal and transverse corrosion-induced cracks coexist. The corrosion ratio of reinforcements nonlinearly increases with the age, and the relationship between the corrosion ratio of the reinforcements and the corrosion-induced crack width of the concrete is established. The flexural capacity of the corroded RC slab nonlinearly decreases with the age, and the model for the bearing capacity factor of the corroded RC slab is established. The mid-span deflection of the corroded RC slab that corresponds to the yield of the reinforcements linearly increases with the increase in corrosion ratio. Finally, the mechanisms of corrosion morphology and the degradation of the mechanical properties of an RC slab in a marine environment are discussed on the basis of the basic theories of steel corrosion in concrete and concrete structure design.     

Cyclic response of slender RC columns typical of precast industrial buildings

The cyclic behaviour of slender cantilever columns in full-scale models of precast industrial buildings, designed by Eurocode 8, was studied experimentally and analytically. The shear span ratio of the columns was 12.5, which is more than allowed by Eurocode 8 for columns in frame structures (10). High deformability and a large deformation capacity (8%~drift) of the columns was observed. A lumped plasticity model was used in the analysis. In the paper the observed behaviour of the models has been compared with the predicted behaviour obtained by several empirically based models and procedures. It was observed that these models, which were developed for much lower shear span ratios (2–6), were not applicable for the analyzed very slender columns without appropriate additional considerations and modifications. In the case of such columns the yield drift is dominated by the flexural mode (it is practically proportional to the height of the column) and the ultimate drift under cyclic loading conditions is only slightly dependent on the shear span (indicating that the ratio of the equivalent length of the plastic hinge to the height of the column decreases with the increasing shear span). An appropriately modified lumped plasticity model incorporating in-cycle and repeated-cycle strength deterioration was chosen for future use in performance-based design and seismic risk studies.     

WEP的安全技术分析及AES的解决方案

在深入分析IEEE 802.11标准的有线等价私密（WEP）安全漏洞的基础上,提出了用高级加密算法AES代替RC4,AES提供了比RC4更高的加密性能和更加强大的安全保护,因此AES方案必将成为新一代的加密标准.     

Study on the effect of the infill walls on the seismic performance of a reinforced concrete frame

Motivated by the seismic damage observed to reinforced concrete (RC) frame structures during the Wenchuan earthquake, the effect of infill walls on the seismic performance of a RC frame is studied in this paper. Infill walls, especially those made of masonry, offer some amount of stiffness and strength. Therefore, the effect of infill walls should be considered during the design of RC frames. In this study, an analysis of the recorded ground motion in the Wenchuan earthquake is performed. Then, a numerical model is developed to simulate the infill walls. Finally, nonlinear dynamic analysis is carried out on a RC frame with and without infill walls, respectively, by using CANNY software. Through a comparative analysis, the following conclusions can be drawn. The failure mode of the frame with infill walls is in accordance with the seismic damage failure pattern, which is strong beam and weak column mode. This indicates that the infill walls change the failure pattern of the frame, and it is necessary to consider them in the seismic design of the RC frame. The numerical model presented in this paper can effectively simulate the effect of infill walls on the RC frame.     

CBDR&RC in a regime applicable to all

The principle of common, but differentiated, responsibilities and respective capabilities (CBDR&RC) is fundamental to the UNFCCC. Some options for a nuanced model of differentiation that addresses both responsibility and capability in a changing world are explored, such as new categories of countries, and some of the political issues that such a model might face are considered. The strengths and limitations of options for graduation based on ‘objective’ criteria such that countries could move between categories or ‘graduate’ – an option provided by the UNFCCC – are discussed. Countries could also choose to join another club (e.g. the G20), self-elect into categories or differentiate among themselves implicitly by accepting different commitments and actions. CBDR&RC will form part of the overall legally binding agreement, and must apply symmetry in some respects and differentiation in others to the commitments and actions contained therein. Some possible characteristics of CBDR&RC of relevance in a regime ‘applicable to all’ are outlined. These include promoting climate action and using mechanisms available in the UNFCCC to instil dynamism. Differentiation on mitigation must consider the distinctions between absolute and relative reductions, as well as commitments to outcomes and implementation. CBDR&RC should be applied to mitigation, adaptation, and the means of implementation.

Policy relevance

In Durban, Parties agreed to negotiate a regime ‘applicable to all’, which sent a political signal that there should be greater symmetry between nations. The world has changed since the UNFCCC was negotiated in 1992. It is now less helpful to think only in terms of two groups of countries (e.g. Annex I and non-Annex I), and evident that there are significant differences between member states. This requires a more nuanced interpretation of the principles of equity and CBDR&RC, which is an integral part of the UNFCCC. The options for the different approaches outlined in this article might help in the construction of a more nuanced model. All must do more, while some must do more still than others. To achieve this, some defining characteristics of CBDR&RC in a regime applicable to all are suggested.     

芦山7.O级地震中钢筋混凝土框架结构震害分析

2013年4月20日四川芦山7.0级地震给震区建筑结构造成了严重破坏.本文选择不同烈度区典型震害的钢筋混凝土框架结构,介绍了结构梁柱、填充墙、其他附属构件及地基等的破坏特点,分析了各类震害特征与破坏机理.结果显示,钢筋混凝土框架结构在本次地震中表现出了良好的抗震性能,除了极震区个别建筑框架柱发生了结构性破坏外,地震区绝大部分均为非结构性破坏,如填充墙及其他附属构件破坏,且大部分破坏不影响结构框架承重体系继续使用.最后针对该次地震中钢筋混凝土框架结构存在的主要问题,给出了一些钢筋混凝土框架结构设计与建设改进建议.     

汶川地震中某RC框架结构的震害分析与模拟

2008年5月12日,四川省汶川县发生里氏8.0级地震,造成了巨大的人员伤亡以及工程结构震害。本文基于江油市某RC框架结构的震害调查,分析了该框架结果出现底层"薄弱层"和"强梁弱柱"的破坏机制的主要原因。采用该框架结构附近三个台站的主震加速度记录作为输入开展了非线性地震反应分析。研究表明,填充墙的竖向不均匀布置改变了框架的抗侧刚度分布,造成底层薄弱层的破坏现象。底层柱子的轴压比相对较大,塑性变形能力及耗能能力相对较差,使得底层柱的变形量更容易达到其塑性变形极限而发生破坏。由于现浇楼板对梁刚度和抗弯承载力的增强,框架结构很难出现规范中"强柱弱梁"的破坏机制。结构基本周期对应的加速度反应谱值是决定结构地震反应的主要参数,基本周期加速度反应谱值的增加会导致结构塑性铰的迅速发展,造成结构出现柱铰机构而整体失稳倒塌。建议设计框架结构时,尽量避免填充墙的不均匀布置。适当增加底层柱的截面面积和配筋率,降低轴压比以保证良好的延性。梁端负向抗弯承载力计算时采用T型截面,并考虑一定范围内楼板配筋的影响。     

基于GPRS的家庭防盗报警系统设计

为了解决当前防盗系统存在的诸如可靠性较差、易破坏,易误报、漏报、处理时间延后、布线繁琐等问题,提出一种基于GPRS的家庭防盗报警系统的设计方案,该系统采用传感器对家庭住所环境实施监控,当有警情发生时,传感器将脉冲信号传送到单片机中进行处理,从而执行中断程序,在声光报警恐吓盗窃分子的同时,单片机控制GPRS模块,将警情短消息发送到预设号码,自动呼叫预设号码,主人便可采取更进一步的安全措施,使警情得到及时处理,保护生命财产安全,最终实现家庭防盗系统的报警功能。