钢筋混凝土框架结构抗震能力评估研究

根据我国建筑抗震设计规范，借鉴建筑结构强度和延性的抗震能力评估理念，提出了评估钢筋混凝土框架结构抗震能力的定量方法。在利用ETABS集成软件完成建筑结构内力分析后，应用本研究编写的结构抗震能力评估计算程序，实现了对钢筋混凝土框架结构抗震能力的定量评估。实例评估表明，该方法除可定量评估建筑结构抗震能力外，还可从评估结果了解造成抗震能力不足的原因。     

Comparative efficiency analysis of different nonlinear modelling strategies to simulate the biaxial response of RC columns

The performance of different nonlinear modelling strategies to simulate the response of RC columns subjected to axial load combined with cyclic biaxial horizontal loading is compared. The models studied are classified into two categories according to the nonlinearity distribution assumed in the elements: lumped-plasticity and distributed inelasticity. For this study, results of tests on 24 columns subjected to cyclic uniaxial and biaxial lateral displacements were numerically reproduced. The analyses show that the global envelope response is satisfactorily represented with the three modelling strategies, but significant differences were found in the strength degradation for higher drift demands and energy dissipation.     

A Probabilistic Displacement-based Vulnerability Assessment Procedure for Earthquake Loss Estimation

Earthquake loss estimation studies require predictions to be made of the proportion of a building class falling within discrete damage bands from a specified earthquake demand. These predictions should be made using methods that incorporate both computational efficiency and accuracy such that studies on regional or national levels can be effectively carried out, even when the triggering of multiple earthquake scenarios, as opposed to the use of probabilistic hazard maps and uniform hazard spectra, is employed to realistically assess seismic demand and its consequences on the built environment. Earthquake actions should be represented by a parameter that shows good correlation to damage and that accounts for the relationship between the frequency content of the ground motion and the fundamental period of the building; hence recent proposals to use displacement response spectra. A rational method is proposed herein that defines the capacity of a building class by relating its deformation potential to its fundamental period of vibration at different limit states and comparing this with a displacement response spectrum. The uncertainty in the geometrical, material and limit state properties of a building class is considered and the first-order reliability method, FORM, is used to produce an approximate joint probability density function (JPDF) of displacement capacity and period. The JPDF of capacity may be used in conjunction with the lognormal cumulative distribution function of demand in the classical reliability formula to calculate the probability of failing a given limit state. Vulnerability curves may be produced which, although not directly used in the methodology, serve to illustrate the conceptual soundness of the method and make comparisons with other methods.     

Seismic response and design of RC structures with plan-eccentric masonry infills

The bidirectional response of a two-storey RC frame structure with two adjacent sides infilled is studied through shaking table tests and non-linear dynamic analyses. The pre-cracking stiffness of the infills is large enough to impose twisting of the infilled structure about the common corner of the two infilled sides, with predominant period close to that of translation of the symmetric bare structure in the two horizontal directions. Parametric analyses and test results show that the peak displacement components of the corner column of the two open sides are about the same as (or slightly less than) those of the bare structure under the same bidirectional excitation, but take place simultaneously. This simultaneity of peak local demands from the two components of the motion seems to be the only effect of plan-eccentric infilling that needs to be taken into account in the design of the RC structure. Despite their very high slenderness (height-to-thickness ratio of about 30), infill panels survive out-of-plane peak accelerations of 0·6g at the base of the structure or 1·3–1·75g at their centre. Copyright © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

钢筋混凝土构件率相关恢复力模型研究

通过钢筋混凝土构件的动态试验,研究不同加载速率下的钢筋混凝土梁柱力学特性。考虑屈服强度、极限强度和刚度的动力效应,引入损伤因子,并考虑混凝土损伤对卸载刚度的影响,建立了钢筋混凝土构件率相关的三折线恢复力模型。利用有限元分析软件模拟钢筋混凝土构件的动态试验,对比模拟结果与试验结果得出：考虑应变率效应和混凝土损伤对卸载刚度的影响,能够更好地反映构件的动力特性。对一平面框架结构模型进行不同加载速率下的动态分析,研究加载速率对结构动力反应的影响,结果表明,随着加载速率的增大,结构模型各构件的强度和刚度增大,结构模型整体抗侧移刚度增强,水平位移减小。     

The cause of unproportionately large higher mode contributions in the inelastic seismic responses of high‐rise core‐wall buildings

In the conventional seismic design of high‐rise reinforced concrete core‐wall buildings, the design demands such as design shear and bending moment in the core wall are typically determined by the response spectrum analysis procedure, and a plastic hinge is allowed to form at the wall base to limit the seismic demands. In this study, it is demonstrated by using a 40‐story core‐wall building that this conventional approach could lead to an unsafe design where the true demands—the maximum inelastic seismic demands induced by the maximum considered earthquake—could be several times greater than the design demands and be unproportionately dominated by higher vibration modes. To identify the cause of this problem, the true demands are decomposed into individual modal contributions by using the uncoupled modal response history analysis procedure. The results show that the true demands contributed by the first mode are reasonably close to the first‐mode design demands, while those contributed by other higher modes are much higher than the corresponding modal design demands. The flexural yielding in the plastic hinge at the wall base can effectively suppress the seismic demands of the first mode. For other higher modes, however, a similar yielding mechanism is either not fully mobilized or not mobilized at all, resulting in unexpectedly large contributions from higher modes. This finding suggests several possible approaches to improve the seismic design and to suppress the seismic demands of high‐rise core‐wall buildings. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

锈蚀钢筋混凝土圆柱抗震性能的试验研究

对不同锈蚀程度的钢筋混凝土圆柱进行低周反复试验,研究了不同轴压比下的钢筋锈蚀率对钢筋混凝土圆柱滞回曲线、骨架曲线、刚度、延性及耗能能力的影响;给出了试件累积耗能、屈服荷载、极限荷载、荷载最大值和位移延性系数与钢筋锈蚀率和轴压比的关系。研究表明,随着钢筋锈蚀率和轴压比的增大,试件的滞回曲线趋于干瘪,骨架曲线下降段变陡,试件的刚度、延性和耗能能力减小。     

Evaluation of the structural damage of high‐rise reinforced concrete buildings using ambient vibrations recorded before and after damage

Evaluation of the degrees of structural damage suffered by high‐rise residential buildings after being subjected to strong ground motions is extremely important to the development of life continuity planning for building residents. However, these evaluations cannot be based on strong‐motion records alone, because earthquake observation equipment is not installed in most such buildings in Japan. In this study, we propose simple equations for estimating the stiffness degradation rate and the peak inter‐story drift ratio (PIDR) by using ambient vibration records instead of strong‐motion records when high‐rise RC buildings are subjected to a severe earthquake. More specifically, we propose one equation that relates the square root of the stiffness degradation rate, which is the ratio of natural frequencies at the maximum response to the preliminary tremor response (elastic state), in strong‐motion records with the ratio of natural frequencies identified from ambient vibrations before and after damage was suffered. We also propose an equation that relates the PIDR with the stiffness degradation rate on the basis of the stiffness‐degrading bilinear restoring force characteristic derived from the strong‐motion records of 13 high‐rise buildings for the 1995 Hyogoken‐Nanbu Earthquake (Mw 6.9) and the 2011 Tohoku‐Oki Earthquake (Mw 9.0). Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Stress integration approach to evaluate damping ratio in torsional tests

The complexity of determining strain associated with shear modulus and damping ratio in torsional tests has been resolved by means of several approaches. The stress integration approach is adequate when generating the plots of equivalent radius ratio versus strain more effectively over any range of strains in resonant column and torsional shear (RC/TS) tests. The stress integration approach was applied for hyperbolic, modified hyperbolic, and Ramberg–Osgood models in evaluating damping ratio. This study showed that using a single value of equivalent radius ratio in evaluating damping ratio is not appropriate. The combined hysteretic‐nonviscous damping model was developed and employed to consider the increased damping behavior at small strains using the stress integration approach. The results suggest that adding viscous behavior has no significant effect strain calculations in RC/TS testing. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

RC梁与柱在不同地震作用下的变形限值分析

分析钢筋混凝土(RC)梁与柱基于不同地震作用下的变形限值,对钢筋混凝土梁与柱进行低周往复循环加载拟静力试验.然后对试验进行仿真模拟,将试验结果与仿真模拟结果进行对比分析,发现二者结果相近,从而验证仿真模拟的可行性.在构件的荷载-位移曲线上获取屈服点、峰值点和极限点,分别计算这3个状态点对应的侧向位移值与构件计算长度的比...